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Topic: Knowledge framework knowledge explanation summarizes the knowledge points of the first, second and third lessons of junior high school politics

Content: In order to facilitate better learning in the third grade of junior high school, I asked the teacher to summarize for me the knowledge points of the first, second and third lessons of politics in the third grade of junior high school. Thanks!

Topic: Good

Content: 1. Summary of test points

Test point 1: productive labor

Key points: 1. People have been around since ancient times Evolved from apes;

2. Real human labor is productive labor, and its main feature is tool making. Engaging in productive labor is the essential difference between humans and animals, and also the essential difference between human society and the animal world.

3. Human society is the totality of people based on productive labor and combined according to various relationships.

Test point 2: Productivity

Key points: 1. Definition: people’s ability to transform nature

2. Components; workers (dominant position), production tools (Main symbol), labor object. Among them, the production tools and labor objects are collectively called the means of production.

3. The main symbol of productivity in primitive society is stone tools; the main symbol of productivity in slave society is the widespread use of metal tools; the main symbol of productivity in feudal society is the widespread use of iron tools. The main symbol of productivity in capitalist society is machinery.

Test point 3: Production relations

Key points: 1. Definition: The relationship between people formed during the production process.

2. Content: Who owns the means of production (basis), people’s status and mutual relationships in production, and how products are distributed.

3. Relationship with productivity: Productivity is the ultimate determining force in social development. Productivity determines production relations, and production relations react on productivity.

4. Contents of the production relations of the five social forms: (See the preparation materials for the third-year junior high school politics exam)

Test point 4: The emergence of private ownership

Key points: 1. Reason: At the end of primitive society, the development of productive forces.

2. Sign: Land becomes private property.

Test point 5: Class

Key points: 1. The so-called class refers to various groups in different positions in certain production relations.

2. For the first time, human society split into two opposing classes: the slave-owning class and the slave class.

3. The main contradiction in slave society is the contradiction between the slave-owning class and the slave class.

4. The first and most important source of slaves is prisoners of war.

Test point 6: Country

Key points: 1. The country does not always exist. It will inevitably appear when production develops to a certain stage.

2. In a class society, the essence of the state is a tool of class rule. The slave state is a tool for the slave-owning class to rule the slave class.

Test point 7: Replacing primitive society with slave society is a huge historical progress

Key points: 1. Criteria: To judge whether one social system replaces another social system, is it historical progress? Whether it is a retrogression or not, the criterion lies in whether the new production relations are compatible with the productivity at that time.

2. Reason: Under the slavery system, prisoners of war were no longer killed, but turned into slaves, saving a large amount of labor force; slave owners owned a large number of production means and slaves, and were able to organize large-scale of production.

Test Point 8: Characteristics of Slavery Production Relations

Key Points: 1. Contents of Slavery Production Relations: (See the third-year junior high school politics preparation materials)

2 , showing that slavery is the most barbaric system of exploitation.

Test point 9: The emergence of writing is a sign that human beings have entered the civilized era

2. Review of test questions

1. The essential difference between humans and animals is

A. Group life B. Production labor C. Utilizing nature D. Adapting to the environment

2. What plays a decisive role in production relations is

A. People in production What is the status in B. How are products distributed

C. Who owns the means of production D. What is the relationship between human assets in social production

3. Among the various factors of productivity, The ones that play a leading role are

A. Labor objects B. Production tools C. Workers D. Production means

4. Which of the following items is an indicator of the level of productivity development

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A. The widespread use of iron farm tools B. The widespread implementation of cattle farming technology

C. The transformation of agricultural production technology D. The construction of large-scale water conservancy projects

5 More than 100 years ago, the Ewenki people in my country still maintained this habit: if they hunted wild animals, even a pheasant, they would distribute it equally to each household. This habit is fundamentally determined.

A. The simple collective concept of the Ewenki people B. People’s status and mutual relations in production

C. People jointly own the means of production D. The low status of the people at that time Productivity level

6. "No ape hand has ever made even a crude stone knife." Engels's famous saying illustrates

A. Humans evolved from ancient apes. B. Stone tools are the main tools in primitive society

C. Making tools is a unique human activity D. Production labor is the basis for various relationships between people

7. Marx said: "The hand mill produced a society headed by feudal lords, while the steam mill produced a society headed by industrial capitalists." This sentence shows that

A. Productivity determines production relations. B. Production relations influence Productivity has a counterproductive effect

C. Science and technology is the primary productive force D. Production tools are a symbol of the development level of productivity

8. Productivity is the ability of human beings to transform nature and is an important symbol of its development level. Yes

A. Laborer B. Object of labor C. Tools of production D. Means of production

9. Marx said: "If any nation stops working, let alone one year, Even if it takes a few weeks, it will perish. "This is because

A. Labor can improve a person's ability. B. Productive labor is the basis for the emergence and development of human society.

C. Human society is combined according to various relationships. D. The essential difference between humans and animals is whether they can engage in productive labor

10. Among the following options, which ones do not belong to the content of productivity

A. Land B. Workers C. Computers D. Private ownership

11. The fundamental reason for the emergence of private ownership, class, and country is

A. The development of productive forces B. The development of social division of labor

C. The intensification of the polarization between rich and poor D. The development of commodity economy

12. Engels said: “The greatness of the clan system, but also its limitations, lies here. There is no room for domination and servitude. ""There is no room for domination and servitude" means that

A. Private ownership has not yet emerged. B. Classes have not yet emerged.

C. The level of productivity is extreme. Low, no surplus products D, no slaves for exploitation and slavery

13. The production relations in primitive society based on the public ownership of the means of production are determined by

A. The level of productivity B. Determined by the consent of clan members

C. Determined by the harsh natural environment D. Determined by extremely low productivity levels

14. Clan is formed based on group, it is primitive society.

A. Basic organization of interpersonal relationships B. Basic unit of blood relationship

C. Political organization of blood relationship D. Basic unit of interpersonal relationships

15. Development of human society The first class society that appeared in history was

A. Primitive society B. Slave society C. Feudal society D. Capitalist society

16. Human society develops from low to high stages The final decisive force is

A. Production means B. Production relations C. Productivity D. Production experience

17. The sign that mankind has entered the civilized era is

A. The emergence of private ownership B. The establishment of a slave state C. The division of physical labor and mental labor D. The emergence of writing

18. In a class society, the essence of the state is

A. Institutions for managing social affairs B. Tools for class rule C. Tools for slave owners to rule slaves

19. In the late primitive society, social productivity has developed new, and its sign is

A. The invention of friction-based fire B. The widespread use of stone tools C. The emergence of metal tools D. The emergence of iron tools

20. On national issues, which of the following statements is correct

①The state is the product of irreconcilable class contradictions ②The essence of the state is a tool of class rule

③The emergence of the state is a sign that mankind has entered the civilized era ④Conflicts between states run through human society

A, ①② B, ①②③ C, ①②③④ D, ①②④

21. The main sign of the development of productive forces in slave society is

A. The emergence of writing B. The use of stone tools C. The widespread use of metal tools D. The use of iron tools

22. Which of the following statements is correct

A. Human beings’ ability to transform nature is called productivity B. , The relationship between people is called production relations

C. Usury is the main way for landlords to exploit farmers D. The emergence of metal tools is a sign that mankind has entered the civilized era

23 . Which of the following statements about primitive society is incorrect

A. Primitive society is the initial stage of the development of human society. B. Primitive society has an extremely low level of productivity.

C. Primitive society is An ideal society where everyone is equal D. Starting from primitive society, mankind entered the civilized era

24. Arrange the following events in the order of cause and effect (the serial numbers of the events represent the events). What is correct is

①The emergence of private ownership ②The increase in productivity ③The establishment of the state ④The emergence of classes

A, ②①④③ B, ④②③① C, ①②③④ D, ③②④①

25. The essence of the slave state is

A. A tool for the slave-owning class to rule the slave class B. A tool for the landlord class to rule the peasant class

C. To reconcile the contradiction between the slave-owning class and the slave class Tools

D. Tools for mediating conflicts between landlords and farmers

26. The household responsibility system and the “fee-to-tax” reform measure have been implemented successively in rural areas of my country. , the most common point is that the distribution system has been reformed, thereby promoting the development of the rural economy. This fully shows

A. Production relations have a counterproductive effect on productivity. B. Production relations are the most active and revolutionary factors.

C. Production relations only promote productivity. D. Laborers It is an important symbol of the level of development of productive forces

27. After slave society replaced primitive society, mankind entered a class society with cruel exploitation and oppression. At the same time, mankind has entered the era of civilization, which is mainly manifested in the following: A. The emergence of slave countries and the first relatively complete written code

B. The use of metal tools , handicrafts, commerce, and cities began to prosper

C. The science and technology culture of ancient Greece and Rome made brilliant achievements

D. Social productivity increased, the emergence of writing, and mental and physical labor Division of labor

28. Before "I" was born, people tied ropes to record events; when I was born, people used pictures to represent "I"; later, people carved me on turtle shells and animal bones, and "I" "I" was written on the bamboo slips. Today, "I" appears in the computer network again.

This shows that "I" is

A. A sign that mankind has entered the civilized era. B. A sign of the development of productive forces.

C. It emerged at the same time as human society. D. A sign of the establishment of a slave country.

29. The replacement of primitive society by slave society is a huge progress in the development of human history. This is mainly due to the establishment of slavery

A. It has brought human society into the civilized era. B. Can use metal tools for production

C. Adapted to and greatly promoted the development of productive forces D. Promoted the collapse of primitive society

30. Marx said: “The existence of class is only related to the development of production. This sentence explains that

A. Classes are various groups in different positions in certain production relations.

B. Classes are related to the production of material materials. C. The emergence of class is a prerequisite for the development of production

D. Class appears only when production develops to a certain level and will disappear with the further development of production. Primitive society,

31. Watching fish jump without a net in your hand fully demonstrates

A. The importance of workers B. The importance of production tools

C. Science and technology are the first Productivity D. The importance of production relations

32. "It is difficult for a clever woman to make a meal without rice", this sentence emphasizes

A. The importance of labor objects B. The importance of production tools C , The importance of workers

33. In a class society, the two fundamentally opposed classes are

A. The slave-owning class and the slave class B. The landlord class and the peasant class C. , Exploiting class and exploited class

34. The most barbaric system of exploitation and oppression in human history is

A. Clan system B. Slavery C. Feudal system

35. What are the important indicators of the development level of productive forces in slave society and feudal society?

36. Once, private ownership, class, and the state quarreled together.

Private ownership said: I was born the oldest among the three of you, so I should be the patriarch. You two were both born to me, and I am the root.

The class said: I am a product of the development of production, what does it have to do with you?

The state said: I am just a product of irreconcilable class contradictions and have nothing to do with your private ownership.

Please analyze the three arguments.

37. Arrange the following events in the order of cause and effect, fill in the blanks, and briefly explain the reason for the arrangement.

The improvement of productivity in primitive society, the establishment of the state, the emergence of private ownership, the emergence of classes

Reasons:

(Content: Feudal society)

1. Summary of test points

Test point 1: The replacement of slave society by feudal society is a major progress in history

Key points: 1. The establishment of a feudal country marked the entry of human beings into feudal society.

2. Reasons for the development of productivity in feudal society: Under the feudal production relations, the status and situation of farmers have been greatly improved compared with slaves. They have certain personal freedom and certain production capacity. materials and can arrange production labor relatively autonomously. Therefore, farmers were much more motivated to produce than slaves.

3. Main symbol: the wide application of iron tools.

Test point 2: Feudal land ownership

Key points: 1. Characteristics of feudal production relations: (See the third-year junior high school political preparation materials)

2. Feudal land Ownership is the basis of feudal exploitation and the basis of feudal production relations. It is the root cause of the suffering of farmers and the prosperity of landlords.

3. The main method of feudal exploitation: extracting land rent

4. Characteristics of feudal land ownership: the landlord class occupies most of the land, while farmers who are directly engaged in agricultural production have no or There is very little land.

Test point 3: Feudal rule

Key points: 1. The feudal state is essentially a tool for the landlord class to rule and oppress the peasant class.

2. The feudal hierarchy is an important feature of feudal rule. It is based on feudal land ownership.

3. The contradiction between the peasant class and the landlord class was the main contradiction in feudal society.

Test point 4: The bud of capitalist production relations

Key points: 1. Reason: the development of productive forces and commodity economy in the late feudal society.

2. Sign: the emergence of manual workshops.

Test point five: Eliminate the residual feudal ideas

Key points: 1. The main manifestations of the residual feudal ideas: hierarchy concept, paternalism, clan concept, feudal superstition, etc.

2. Reasons for existence: Our country has more than two thousand years of feudal autocratic rule, and its influence cannot be eliminated in a short period of time; our country is currently in the primary stage of socialism, with underdeveloped productivity and low scientific, technological and cultural levels. Not high yet.

3. Main countermeasures: (1) For the country: strengthen the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, improve the quality and consciousness of citizens; strengthen the construction of socialist democracy and legal system, govern the country in accordance with the law, and ban feudal superstitious activities in accordance with the law; implement science and education to rejuvenate the country strategy.

⑵ For young students: strengthen self-education and self-cultivation, improve ideological and moral quality and scientific and cultural quality, arm their minds with scientific knowledge, consciously resist the erosion of feudal superstition ideas, and feudal superstition Struggle with activities to make yourself grow up healthily.

Test point 6: Ancient Chinese culture

Key points: 1. Chinese culture in the feudal era represents the highest achievement of mankind in the feudal era.

2. The main representatives of Chinese culture in feudal society are: the four great inventions

3. The correct attitude towards Chinese traditional culture is: actively inherit and carry forward excellent traditional culture, resist and criticize ignorant and backward ideological culture.

Second, review of examination questions

1. "One grain of millet is planted in spring, and ten thousand grains are harvested in autumn. There is no idle land in the world, and farmers still starve to death." The main reason for the emergence of this social phenomenon The reason is

A. Low productivity level B. Feudal land ownership C. Frequent natural disasters D. Strict hierarchical system

2. The most common points between slave society and feudal society Yes

① They all use the extraction of land rent as the main method of exploitation ② The exploited class has no personal freedom at all

③ They are all class societies ④ They are all private ownership societies

A. ②③④ B. ①②③④ C. ③④ D. ①③④

3. In feudal society, there was a strict hierarchy, which was based on

A. Feudal monarch Autocratic system B. Feudal land ownership

C. Feudal patriarchal concept D. Legal system of feudal country

4. The following are the residual feudal ideas that our young people should educate themselves to resist long-term elimination:

①Concept of hierarchy ②Concept of equality ③Concept of clan ④Concept of freedom ⑤Superstitious thought

A, ①③⑤ B, ①③④ C, ②③⑤ D, ①④⑤

5. After feudalism replaced slavery, social productivity reached a new level. This is because

A. Slavery is the most barbaric system of exploitation and does not meet the requirements of the development of productivity

B. Iron tools are widely used. C. Peasants have complete personal freedom and their degree of exploitation has been reduced.

D. Peasants under feudal production relations are in a worse situation than slaves under slavery production relations. Status has improved

6. The emergence of private ownership, the emergence of feudal production relations and the emergence of capitalist production relations are fundamentally the result of ()

A. Differentiation of craftsmen B. Development of commodity exchange C. Intensification of class struggle D. Development of social productive forces

7. Which of the following can reflect the development level of productive forces in feudal society

A. Machine production B. The widespread use of metal tools

C. The widespread use of iron farm tools D. Farmers have their own production tools

8. There is an ancient Chinese poem: "The fields of the rich are endless, and the fields of the poor are endless." The "rich" and "poor" here refer to

A. the slave-owning class and the slave class B. the landlord class and the peasant class

C. the emerging class. The landlord class and bankrupt slave owners D, merchants and agricultural producers

9. In feudal society, landlords owned most of the land. Peasants had little or no land and had to rent land from landlords. , peasants were tied to the land of their landlords.

This shows that

①Peasants still have varying degrees of personal dependence on landlords

②The landlord class does not completely occupy farmers; ③Peasants do not have any personal freedom

④The relationship between the landlord class and the peasant class exists; the relationship between exploitation and exploitation

A, ①②③④ B, ①② C, ①④ D, ①②④

10. The main features of feudal society The contradiction is

A. The contradiction between manual labor and mental labor B. The contradiction between the peasant class and the landlord class

C. The contradiction between capitalists and wage workers D. The contradiction between helpers, apprentices and Conflicts between workshop owners

11. The characteristics of feudal land ownership are

A. The landlord class incompletely occupies the peasants. B. The landlord class occupies most of the land.

C. The basis for the landlord class to exploit peasants D. The basis for feudal hierarchy

12. In my country’s feudal society, the main way for landlords to strengthen their exploitation of peasants is

A. Land ownership B. Strict hierarchical system C. Extracting land rent D. Lending money at usury

13. In feudal society, the ultimate goal of the landlord class was to spread superstitious ideas, advocate feudal morality, and promote clan concepts

A. Put heavy spiritual shackles on farmers B. Maintain the feudal exploitation system

C. Maintain the rule of families with the same surname D. Maintain the status of parents in the family

14 , marked by the four great inventions of the compass, papermaking, printing and gunpowder, China was once the leader of human civilization in the feudal era. China’s science and technology culture has long been the leader in the world. China’s cultural thoughts in the feudal era also had an impact on modern Europe. Influence. This shows that

A. China has a vast territory and abundant resources. B. China is the most technologically advanced country in the world today.

C. China’s feudal system is superior to that of Europe.

D. China in the feudal era made outstanding contributions to the development of world civilization and social progress

15. There is a popular saying in my country's feudal society that "those who farm are short of rice; those who dry the salt are short of rice." Drinking weak soup; the weaver girl has no clothes; the one weaving a mat sleeps on a bare bed." The root cause of this phenomenon lies in

A. Feudal land ownership B. Feudal hierarchy

C. Cruel exploitation by the landlord class D. The landlord class controls state power

16. Ancient China made outstanding contributions to the development of world civilization, among which the world-famous ones in science, technology and culture are

A. The Great Wall B. Poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties C. Silk Road D. The Four Great Inventions

17. The poem by Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, "The wine and meat in the Zhumen stink, and the bones on the road are frozen to death." reveals the following facts that existed in society at that time

A. The barbaric oppression of slaves by slave owners B. The brutal exploitation of the peasant class by the landlord class

C. The bloody rule of the workers by the capitalists

18. In feudal society, the basis for the exploitation of the peasant class by the landlord class was

A. Feudal land ownership B. Extraction of land rent C. Feudal patriarchal ideology

19. "The wine and meat of the rich families smell stinky, and there are frozen bones on the road" is a true portrayal of my country's feudal society. The root cause of such inequality between farmers and landlords is

A. Feudal ruling regime B. Feudal hierarchy C. Feudal land rent exploitation D. Feudal land ownership

20. Tang Dynasty Literature Jia Liu Zongyuan wrote in "Snake Catcher's Theory" that farmers "destroy their land, exhaust their huts, migrate when they howl, and stop when they are hungry or thirsty."

The fundamental reason why farmers "squander their land and use up their houses" is

A. Peasants must hand over all the things they collect. B. Feudal land ownership

C. Peasants have no personal freedom D. Peasants are unwilling to engage in agricultural production

21. The main signs of differentiation between primitive society, slave society and feudal society in terms of the level of productivity development are

A. The experience and technology of workers B. The scope of labor objects and the amount of labor products

C. The scale and form of labor organization D. The production tools commonly used by workers in productive labor

22. In feudal society, there was a strict hierarchical system, which was based on

A. Feudal patriarchal ideology B. Feudal autocratic monarchy system

C. Feudal land ownership D. The brutal rule of the landlord class

23. In "A Dream of Red Mansions", Jia Yuanchun returns to her parents' home after entering the palace as a concubine. Her father kneels to greet her, hoping that her daughter will serve the emperor well. This phenomenon shows the existence of feudal society

A. Feudal hereditary system B. Autocratic monarchy system C. Strict hierarchical system D. Feudal land ownership system

24. In the later period of feudal society, With the development of productive forces, handicraft workshops based on individual private ownership gradually polarized. Some wealthy workshop owners began to expand the scale of production, hire helpers, apprentices, and open handicraft workshops. Capitalist production relations emerged during the development of the commodity economy. bud. This shows that

A. The main contradiction in feudal society has become the contradiction between factory owners and wage workers

B. The development of advanced productive forces inevitably requires breaking through the old production relations. Establish advanced production relations

C. Feudal production relations have developed to a new stage

D. The way landlords exploit peasants has changed

25 , Among the following poems, what reflects the cruel exploitation of farmers by the landlord class is

A. Who knows that every grain of Chinese food is hard work B. Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan Mountain

C. Birds have disappeared from thousands of mountains, and human traces have been wiped out from thousands of paths. D. The wine and meat of Zhumen are smelly, and bones are frozen to death on the road.

26. The fundamental reason why feudal production relations replaced slave production relations is

A. The resistance of the slave class B. The development of productive forces C. The emergence of slave farming D. The formation of the landlord class

27. In feudal society, the landlord class extracted land rent, usury, and confiscation The farmers were brutally exploited by imposing excessive taxes and forcing them to perform corvee labor. Its root lies in

A. The landlord class controls the state power B. The peasant class has nothing

C. Feudal land ownership D. The landlord class is powerful

28. my country Traditional dramas describe the instruments of torture used by Bao Zheng, a famous minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, when he handled cases: the dragon-headed guillotine - aimed at killing relatives of the emperor who committed crimes; the tiger-headed guillotine - aimed at killing corrupt officials; and the dog-headed guillotine - aimed at killing local tyrants and evil gentry. This shows that

A. There is corruption in feudal society. B. There is a strict hierarchy in feudal society.

C. The feudal ruling class strictly follows the law. D. The feudal ruling class enjoys different 29. In feudal society, the brutal exploitation and rule of peasants by the landlord class will inevitably arouse peasants’ resistance struggle. The highest form of the struggle of the peasant class against the landlord class is

A. Sabotage of tools and sabotage B. Peasant uprising and peasant war

C. Refusal to pay land rent and exorbitant taxes D. Leaving home and fleeing to beg for food

30. "From the Han Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty, China's science and technology has been leading the world for more than 14 centuries. During that period, a considerable number of important inventions that affected the process of world civilization were the work of the Chinese nation. contribute".

The correct understanding of this passage is

① Ancient Chinese science and technology culture has made brilliant achievements ② Ancient Chinese society is a very democratic and civilized society

③ Ancient Chinese science and technology culture has contributed to the world Made outstanding contributions to the development of civilization

④Other countries did not have their own scientific and technological cultural achievements in ancient society

A, ①② B, ②③ C, ③④ D, ①③

31. What are the signs of the development level of productivity in ancient society? What are the main criteria for measuring social progress?

32. What do the production relations of the three class societies have in common?

33. Material 1: In "A Dream of Red Mansions", Jia Yuanchun, the daughter of Jia's parents, returns to her parents' home to visit relatives. Her father kneels in front of his daughter who has become the imperial concubine and listens to his admonitions; when emperors of all dynasties ascended the throne, the law summarized his will. He was the one who appointed important officials; the thinkers of the landlord class in our country in the past dynasties have tried their best to promote the "divine right of kings", "the king is the guide for his ministers, the father is the guide for his son, and the husband is the guide for his wife" and "the cycle of life and death". "Karma" and other ideas, and use clan relations to cover up class exploitation and class rule.

Material 2: Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out: We have carried out the new democratic revolution for 28 years, and the overthrow of the reactionary rule of feudalism and the feudal land ownership system was successful and thorough. However, the task of eliminating the residual influence of feudalism in ideological and political aspects...has not been completed.

Read the above materials and answer the questions based on the knowledge you have learned:

① What residual feudal broad-minded ideas still exist in the current society?

②What is the practical significance of eliminating the influence of residual feudal ideas? What should young people do when faced with the remnants of feudal ideology?