Understanding the comprehensive deepening of reform:

1. Reform and opening up can only be carried out, not completed. Now that reform has entered a deep-water zone and a critical period, the complexity, sensitivity, and arduousness of comprehensively deepening reform are no less than those 30 years ago. To comprehensively deepen reform, the fundamental lies in reform, the key lies in deepening, and the focus lies in comprehensiveness. Emphasizing reform means that we must always hold high the banner of reform unswervingly, have the courage to self-revolution, and dare to face problems head-on.

2. The overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform is to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities. This overall goal is a unified whole composed of two sentences. The first sentence stipulates the fundamental direction. This direction is the path of socialism with characteristics, not any other path. The latter sentence stipulates a clear direction for improving and developing the characteristic socialist system under the guidance of the fundamental direction.

3. Insist on comprehensively deepening reform and build a system that is complete, scientific and standardized, and operates effectively. It only took a few decades for the characteristic socialist system to be explored and formed. The specific systems in all aspects are far from mature or finalized, and there are still many shortcomings and deficiencies.

4. Build an institutional system that is complete, scientific and standardized, and operates effectively, so that the system becomes more mature and finalized, development has higher quality, governance has a higher level, and the people have a greater sense of gain. We must adhere to the focus on economic system reform, adhere to the direction of socialist market economic reform, and comprehensively deepen the reform of the economic system, political system, cultural system, social system, ecological civilization system and construction system.

5. Pay attention to the systematic, holistic and collaborative nature of reform, dare to wade into deep waters and fight hard, push forward reform with the courage of self-revolution and perseverance, and dare to challenge the stubbornness that has accumulated for many years. We must dare to target deep-seated interest relationships and contradictions, resolutely eliminate all outdated ideas and institutional shortcomings, break through the barriers of solidified interests, absorb the beneficial achievements of human civilization, and give full play to the superiority of our country's socialist system.