Preview before class:
Preview is very important. Only by previewing before class can we understand the text in advance.
1. Prepare a dictionary before previewing, and read the new words first. This is convenient for reading and understanding the text.
2. Mark the natural paragraphs.
3. Familiarize the text three times (above).
4. Summarize the general content of the text and understand the central idea.
Try to do problems after class, preferably without reference books, which can improve reading ability and cultivate the habit of independent thinking. What you don't understand, communicate with teachers and classmates in class or after class.
2. Attend class:
Listening is an ability and a habit. People who learn to listen will be appreciated by others wherever they go. Training listening begins with attending classes;
1. When the teacher is giving a lecture, don't look around, but pay attention. This is the first step in cultivating listening comprehension.
2. Listen with your ears and remember the key points so that you can go home and review before the exam (it is best to write your notes in a notebook).
When students answer questions, don't interrupt, but listen to others' opinions to improve their own shortcomings. Even if the students' answers are not perfect, wait until the students finish.
3. Review methods after class:
Personally, I think review is not as important as preview. If you preview well, it will be easy to review;
1. You should also take a pen when reviewing. You should gain something when you read it the second time, and write down your own gains and opinions the second time.
2. Do it with your eyes, hands and heart. Don't "read ten lines at a glance", but also remember the key points, new words and other knowledge.
4. Extracurricular reading methods: (classical Chinese, modern Chinese)
Reading is the focus of study, and reading more can improve our own reading ability and writing ability.
1. Select a book. Choosing a good book is also a person's ability.
2. Draw good words and sentences while reading with a pen. You don't have to learn by rote, just know some sentence patterns and apply them to your composition properly.
3. Abstraction is to extract the good words and sentences that you draw and remember, and use them for composition, especially to find a notebook. Abstraction is different from reading, it needs a deeper level. Excerpted content, beautiful language is not enough, and sometimes some expressions, language descriptions and action descriptions can also be written down.
4. If you accumulate more after class, you will naturally feel comfortable reading in class.
Classical Chinese learning method
First, learning classical Chinese, the most important thing is the knowledge of classical Chinese words and sentence patterns. Only by accumulating certain knowledge of classical Chinese can we read classical Chinese fluently.
1. Pay attention to preview and learn to teach yourself.
Be sure to translate word for word with the help of notes before class, and don't wait for the teacher to explain. Pay attention to find out difficult sentences and submit them to class discussion, and ask teachers and classmates for advice. It is necessary to classify keywords, highlight key points and break through difficulties. There are many notional words in classical Chinese that are polysemy and multi-purpose. We should be good at memorizing, comparing, summarizing and sorting out, and learn "words" vividly.
2. Follow the principle of "word for word" to understand and experience.
Whether it is a notional word or a function word, its meaning and usage are always displayed in a specific language environment. When accumulating classical Chinese words, don't memorize them by rote, but try to figure them out in combination with "context".
3. Remember the main classical Chinese sentence patterns
There are five kinds of Chinese classic sentence patterns: judgmental sentence, interrogative sentence, passive sentence, ellipsis sentence and inversion sentence, and each sentence pattern has several different forms. Remember the form that is easy to remember and understand.
Second, Chinese textbooks emphasize the reading and reciting of classical Chinese, with the intention of enabling students to master the knowledge of classical Chinese, understand the meaning of the text and cultivate their language perception ability through more reading and reciting. Reading can be divided into four steps:
1. Read the text roughly with the help of notes.
Finish the rough reading task in the preview. The primary task of rough reading is to dredge the text, and then perceive the text on this basis, and grasp the structure of the text as a whole. Combine your notes, read it two or three times according to the context, and then guess, you should be able to understand the text. In rough reading, you should draw difficult words for discussion in class.
2. Ask questions, solve problems and read the text carefully
Through intensive reading in class, we should be able to correct pronunciation, orthomorphism and sentence break accurately, solve the problems encountered in rough reading and analyze the structure of the article. We should improve our understanding of the content of the article.
3. Deeply understand and read the text.
Try to read tone, intonation and rhythm in intensive reading. Through intensive reading, we can deeply comprehend and understand the work, feel the emotion of the article and grasp the characteristics of the article.
4. Appreciate and evaluate, and be familiar with the text
This step mainly depends on the initiative of students after class. We should be familiar with reading, strengthen the learning effect of classical Chinese vocabulary, and deepen our understanding of the content and structure of the text. We should consciously improve our literary appreciation and evaluation ability.
It all depends on your persistence. If not, then choose someone else!
I hope it works for you! Hope to adopt! What are the good ways to learn Chinese well? First, read more, second, write more, third, listen to the teacher and take notes, fourth, read some extra-curricular books selectively while reading the text. How to learn Chinese well? What kind of newspaper do you make? Is there any good way? If you are in junior high school, I suggest you read The Fisherman's Reading. If you are facing the senior high school entrance examination, it can be a good way to learn Chinese in the senior high school entrance examination in this province in the past three years. How to learn Chinese well? Usually, a good way to learn Chinese is nothing more than:
Reading more is reading again and again. It is said that Mr. Feng Zikai's reading method is called the "22-time reading method". He has read a good article for 22 times. He deeply understands that after reading the article well, he will gradually recite it from his mouth, and reading more should be the basis of memory.
I recommend you to subscribe to Chinese newspapers, which has benefited a lot. When you get the newspaper, you can read every article carefully, prepare a notebook and write down everything you see.
Remembering is to restrain yourself purposefully and remember. Some basic concepts are hard to remember, such as Chinese pronunciation, form and meaning, and foreign words. Memorize what you understand, temporarily remember what you don't understand, and re-consolidate your memory in use.
Ancient poems are easier to understand after reciting, and they will be remembered more firmly after understanding-of course, this requires perseverance and perseverance. Over time, not only does the brain store more and more information, but it also develops the habit of being willing to remember. Of course, rote learning and rote learning are not the same concept.
Being diligent in writing is not just writing a composition, it is only part of it. Japanese notes, lecture notes, punctuation notes in reading and editing excerpts all belong to this category.
Writing itself is a more advanced memory, and we have this experience: to write a composition, you must first make a draft, and then write the first draft. When copying a text, we can finish it without reading the first draft. The reason is that the pen comprehensively mobilized various organs and entered the advanced stage of memory. "A good memory is not as good as a brain" is not unreasonable.
But if you want to learn Chinese well, you must form ten habits:
First, the habit of reading and reciting.
Second, the habit of reading excellent extracurricular books.
Third, scrutinize language and literature habits.
Fourth, the habit of accumulating language materials.
Fifth, remember the habit of memory.
Sixth, standardize the habit of writing.
Seven, the habit of listening to people.
Eight, the habit of speaking Mandarin, speaking in a civilized and decent way.
Nine, the habit of diligent thinking and questioning.
Ten, often consult the habit of reference books. How to learn three subjects well? Is there any good way? Chinese: Don't learn by rote, but master the methods. Read more extracurricular books at ordinary times and preview tomorrow's lessons at night. You should recite and understand ancient Chinese as much as possible. You must read more books, read thousands of books, and write like a god. Math is to do more problems, but don't do useless problems, such as the sea. If you do more, you will learn more and more. As long as you master what the teacher said today, you will know everything. I don't think it's necessary to talk about crowd tactics. . . . Foreign language: actually, I don't know much about it. I just memorize words. I must be able to learn what the teacher said that day, but I can't keep up with it the next day, and I am less and less interested in English, so I must learn well, and the more I learn, the more interested I am. I hope it will help you (* _ _ *). I am a junior. How do primary school students learn Chinese well? I don't advocate reciting the composition or anything, but I still have to write it myself. Writing articles is actually not suitable for professors. It needs a lot of accumulation, reading more books, imitating first, and talent. Some children are really smart, and they may learn a lot from reading a book. Others have to read a lot of books to reach the same level. It doesn't matter what books children read when they are older. It is important to have writing thinking from books. In school, the most important thing for students to learn is to learn to learn; The most effective knowledge is self-control knowledge. To learn to learn, there is a problem of mastering learning methods and using learning strategies. The level of students' learning ability depends largely on their learning methods and strategies.
First, primary school students' Chinese learning methods
Do everything with a method. If you do it properly, you can do it quickly and well. The same is true of learning. The microscopic concrete method is called learning method, and the macroscopic whole method is called learning strategy. Chinese learning has specific methods and overall strategies. Let's talk about learning methods first.
"The most valuable knowledge is knowledge about methods." In the future society, "illiterate people are no longer illiterate people, but people who have not learned how to learn." (Edgar Fuller, Learn to Live) Therefore, it is very necessary to guide students in their learning methods. Chinese learning methods involve the whole language and regional language; There are basic and specific ones. Educators, scholars and writers at home and abroad have all discussed the basic learning methods of Chinese in one way or another. Reading more, observing more, practicing more and thinking more, which seems to be a cliche, is the basic skill to learn Chinese well.
Guidance on the specific learning methods of primary school students can be divided into word learning, sentence learning, paragraph learning, article learning and writing learning. For example, the methods of learning words include: using the structural rules of Chinese characters to understand words, combining words, making sentences, consulting dictionaries, analyzing words with morphemes, comparing words with synonyms, understanding the meaning according to the language environment, tracing back to the source to understand the meaning and so on.
Sentence learning methods include: expanding and shortening sentences, changing sentence patterns, understanding simple and complex sentences with related words, modifying sick sentences and so on. The learning methods of paragraphs include: finding the central sentence, layering paragraphs, adjusting the word order of paragraphs and so on.
The learning methods of the article include: subsection method, summarizing the meaning of the paragraph, summarizing the main content of the article, summarizing the central idea of the article and so on.
The methods of learning to write a composition are: examination of topics, conception, selection of materials, organization of materials, revision of articles and so on.
Second, primary school students' Chinese learning strategies
Learning strategy is a new field of psychological research since 1980s, and it is also an important topic in the current psychological research of Chinese teaching. The so-called learning strategy mainly refers to the rules, methods and skills learned in order to achieve certain learning goals in learning activities; It is the operation process of thinking about problems in learning activities; This is a manifestation of cognitive strategies in students' learning.
There are four issues to be emphasized here: first, the purpose of students' learning; The second is the students' learning methods. In a sense, students' learning strategies mainly refer to their learning methods. Third, the students' thinking process; The fourth is the relationship between learning strategies and cognitive strategies.
How to understand students' learning strategies? First of all, attaching importance to students' learning strategies means recognizing students' subjectivity in the learning process and emphasizing students' active role in learning activities. Second, students' learning strategies are the premise of learning to learn, and learning to learn involves students using a series of learning strategies; Students' learning strategies are an important reason for their individual differences in learning, and the differences in learning strategies should be taken into account when teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Thirdly, learning strategies are a series of purposeful activities, which are operational activities for students to choose, use, adjust and control learning methods, approaches, skills and techniques in the learning process. Finally, the process of implementing students' learning strategies is also the process of implementing decisions.
Through the analysis of learning strategies, it can be seen that students' learning activities are mainly a rational cognitive or cognitive activity, a process of thinking or information processing, which is also the characteristic that learning activities are different from general human cognitive activities.
Knowledge can be divided into simple and complex. In Chinese teaching in primary schools, simple knowledge learning is mainly vocabulary learning, and the difficulty lies not in understanding but in maintaining it. Therefore, how to promote the maintenance of knowledge according to the law of memory has become the main problem of popularizing simple knowledge teaching. The study of complex knowledge, in Chinese teaching in primary schools, mainly refers to the study of concepts and laws, as well as the study of reading and writing. The key is understanding. The essence of understanding is to let students know the elements of new knowledge and the relationship between old and new knowledge. The following are several common learning strategies.
(1) Pay attention to strategy. Chinese teachers can use external means to control students' attention, stimulate students to adopt appropriate attention strategies and promote learning and memory. For example, "reading with questions" may not be the best reading method, but "letting students read first and then think about problems" may be a more valuable learning strategy.
(2) Coding and organization strategy. The most effective strategy is to encode and organize the information that people pay attention to for long-term preservation. Whether it is pinyin, literacy or reading teaching, Chinese teachers always need to guide students to sort out and queue up their knowledge and find out the rules, which is the application of this strategy.
(3) Fine machining strategy. For example, listening while reading and taking notes while listening (or watching) are very important learning strategies, and attention should be paid to cultivating students' habits from an early age. However, it is not a very simple thing to really make notes a technology to promote learning and a simple record of information. In order to cultivate students' good habit of taking notes, teachers should pay attention not to speak too fast, repeat complex and important content appropriately, and write the structure, level and key points of the lecture content on the blackboard.
(4) Retelling and reviewing strategies. For example, in order to remember Chinese characters, students must read and write new words over and over again. In Chinese teaching, teachers should pay attention to educating students to recite while reading, and read and try to recite alternately. In addition, for the study of complex knowledge, review strategies include reading and talking about the material, highlighting the key points, difficulties and points of the material by drawing lines, circling points and adding symbols.
These are all effective learning strategies that have been proved by countless facts. Teachers should consciously cultivate students in their daily Chinese teaching activities.
Third, the ability of primary school students to learn Chinese.
The fundamental purpose of Chinese teaching is to cultivate students' ability to correctly understand and use the language of the motherland through Chinese teaching, and also to cultivate students' Chinese ability. The so-called ability is the necessary personality and psychological characteristics for people to successfully complete certain activities, which can be divided into general ability and special ability. Chinese ability is a special ability. After years of research, Mr. Lin Chongde proposed that primary school students' Chinese ability is based on Chinese generalization, which consists of four Chinese abilities and five thinking qualities, and there are 20 cross-opening dynamic systems.
Generalization is the foundation of Chinese ability. As for primary school students' listening, speaking, reading and writing, it can be summarized as follows: the key to listening is "listening well". That is, you can listen accurately, grasp the center of what others say and understand the essence of what you hear. This is the performance of generalization ability in "listening"; The key is "clarity". That is, gradually master the characteristics of accurate, vivid and vivid oral expression, and be able to use words accurately, clearly, fluently, clearly, appropriately and logically. This is the expression of generalization ability in "speaking". There are many elements of reading, one is the reading form of reading aloud and silently, the other is the reading content of understanding words, sentences, paragraphs, articles and rhetorical structures, and the third is the logical thinking ability of analyzing paragraph levels, getting the central idea and mastering the context of articles. These three aspects are all based on students' generalization ability. The development of writing ability is also a general process. Pupils' transition from "speaking" to "writing" and from "reading" to "writing" (imitation) should express the internal relations of things in an orderly and vivid way through written language. There is a process of comprehensive refining, which is also a process of generalization.
Because the foundation of Chinese ability is generalization, we should emphasize the training of generalization ability from beginning to end when cultivating primary school students' Chinese ability.
Traditionally, students' Chinese ability is divided into four basic abilities: listening, speaking, reading and writing, which is correct. If listening, speaking, reading and writing reflect the basic content of primary school students' Chinese ability, then the differences of different students' Chinese learning are closely related to the differences of their thinking quality in Chinese literature learning. Thinking quality is the expression of intelligence and ability in intellectual activities, especially thinking activities, which reflects the level of thinking and the differences of intelligence and ability of each individual. It usually includes five aspects: profundity, flexibility, originality, criticism and agility. These five thinking qualities are an interrelated and inseparable dialectical unity. Professor Lin Chongde combined these four language abilities and five thinking qualities to form an open dynamic research system. You can't learn Chinese in primary school. When you buy a good reference book to read, you should not only read the information in it, but also do the exercises in the back. After doing it, you should also think about where you are wrong and why? What's the difference between your idea and your answer?
In this way, you can know what the questioner thinks, and then prescribe the right medicine, and your grades will naturally go up.
Also, reading extra-curricular books in primary school is helpful to accumulate knowledge.
Don't think it's a waste of time. You will be very helpful in junior high school and high school. Trust me! _ How do primary school students learn Chinese well 3 In school, the most important thing for students to learn is to learn how to learn; The most effective knowledge is self-control knowledge. To learn to learn, there is a problem of mastering learning methods and using learning strategies. The level of students' learning ability depends largely on their learning methods and strategies. First, primary school students' Chinese learning methods. Do everything with a method. If the method is right, we can do it quickly and well. The same is true of learning. The microscopic concrete method is called learning method, and the macroscopic whole method is called learning strategy. Chinese learning has specific methods and overall strategies. Let's talk about learning methods first. "The most valuable knowledge is knowledge about methods." In the future society, "illiterate people are no longer illiterate people, but people who have not learned how to learn." (Edgar Fuller, Learn to Live) Therefore, it is very necessary to guide students in their learning methods. Chinese learning methods involve the whole language and regional language; There are basic and specific ones. Educators, scholars and writers at home and abroad have all discussed the basic learning methods of Chinese in one way or another. Reading more, observing more, practicing more and thinking more, which seems to be a cliche, is the basic skill to learn Chinese well. Guidance on the specific learning methods of primary school students can be divided into word learning, sentence learning, paragraph learning, article learning and writing learning. For example, the methods of learning words include: using the structural rules of Chinese characters to understand words, combining words, making sentences, consulting dictionaries, analyzing words with morphemes, comparing words with synonyms, understanding the meaning according to the language environment, tracing back to the source to understand the meaning and so on. Sentence learning methods include: expanding and shortening sentences, changing sentence patterns, understanding simple and complex sentences with related words, modifying sick sentences and so on. The learning methods of paragraphs include: finding the central sentence, layering paragraphs, adjusting the word order of paragraphs and so on. The learning methods of the article include: subsection method, summarizing the meaning of the paragraph, summarizing the main content of the article, summarizing the central idea of the article and so on. The methods of learning to write a composition are: examination of topics, conception, selection of materials, organization of materials, revision of articles and so on. Second, learning strategies The Chinese learning strategies of primary school students are a new field of psychological research since the 1980s, and also an important topic in the current psychological research of Chinese teaching. The so-called learning strategy mainly refers to the rules, methods and skills learned in order to achieve certain learning goals in learning activities; It is the operation process of thinking about problems in learning activities; This is a manifestation of cognitive strategies in students' learning. There are four issues to be emphasized here: first, the purpose of students' learning; The second is the students' learning methods. In a sense, students' learning strategies mainly refer to their learning methods. Third, the students' thinking process; The fourth is the relationship between learning strategies and cognitive strategies. How to understand students' learning strategies? First of all, attaching importance to students' learning strategies means recognizing students' subjectivity in the learning process and emphasizing students' active role in learning activities. Second, students' learning strategies are the premise of learning to learn, and learning to learn involves students using a series of learning strategies; Students' learning strategies are an important reason for their individual differences in learning, and the differences in learning strategies should be taken into account when teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Thirdly, learning strategies are a series of purposeful activities, which are operational activities for students to choose, use, adjust and control learning methods, approaches, skills and techniques in the learning process. Finally, the process of implementing students' learning strategies is also the process of implementing decisions. Through the analysis of learning strategies, it can be seen that students' learning activities are mainly a rational cognitive or cognitive activity, a process of thinking or information processing, which is also the characteristic that learning activities are different from general human cognitive activities. Knowledge can be divided into simple and complex. In Chinese teaching in primary schools, simple knowledge learning is mainly vocabulary learning, and the difficulty lies not in understanding but in maintaining it. Therefore, how to promote the maintenance of knowledge according to the law of memory has become the main problem of popularizing simple knowledge teaching. The study of complex knowledge, in Chinese teaching in primary schools, mainly refers to the study of concepts and laws, as well as the study of reading and writing. The key is understanding. The essence of understanding is to let students know the elements of new knowledge and the relationship between old and new knowledge. The following are several common learning strategies. (1) Pay attention to strategy. Chinese teachers can use external means to control students' attention, stimulate students to adopt appropriate attention strategies and promote learning and memory. For example, "reading with questions" may not be the best reading method, but "letting students read first and then think about problems" may be a more valuable learning strategy. (2) Coding and organization strategy. The most effective strategy is to encode and organize the information that people pay attention to for long-term preservation. Whether it is pinyin, literacy or reading teaching, Chinese teachers always need to guide students to sort out and queue up their knowledge and find out the rules, which is the application of this strategy. (3) Fine machining strategy. For example, listening while reading and taking notes while listening (or watching) are very important learning strategies, and attention should be paid to cultivating students' habits from an early age. However, it is not a very simple thing to really make notes a technology to promote learning and a simple record of information. In order to cultivate students' good habit of taking notes, teachers should pay attention not to speak too fast, repeat complex and important content appropriately, and write the structure, level and key points of the lecture content on the blackboard. (4) Retelling and reviewing strategies. For example, in order to remember Chinese characters, students must read and write new words over and over again. In Chinese teaching, teachers should pay attention to educating students to recite while reading, and read and try to recite alternately. In addition, for the study of complex knowledge, review strategies include reading and talking about the material, highlighting the key points, difficulties and points of the material by drawing lines, circling points and adding symbols. These are all effective learning strategies that have been proved by countless facts. Teachers should consciously cultivate students in their daily Chinese teaching activities. Third, the ability of primary school students to learn Chinese. The fundamental purpose of Chinese teaching is to cultivate students' ability to correctly understand and use the language of the motherland through Chinese teaching, and also to cultivate students' Chinese ability. The so-called ability is the necessary personality and psychological characteristics for people to successfully complete certain activities, which can be divided into general ability and special ability. Chinese ability is a special ability. After years of research, Mr. Lin Chongde proposed that primary school students' Chinese ability is based on Chinese generalization, which consists of four Chinese abilities and five thinking qualities, and there are 20 cross-opening dynamic systems. Generalization is the foundation of Chinese ability. As for primary school students' listening, speaking, reading and writing, it can be summarized as follows: the key to listening is "listening well". That is, you can listen accurately, grasp the center of what others say and understand the essence of what you hear. This is the performance of generalization ability in "listening"; The key is "clarity". That is, gradually master the characteristics of accurate, vivid and vivid oral expression, and be able to use words accurately, clearly, fluently, clearly, appropriately and logically. This is the expression of generalization ability in "speaking". There are many elements of reading, one is the reading form of reading aloud and silently, the other is the reading content of understanding words, sentences, paragraphs, articles and rhetorical structures, and the third is the logical thinking ability of analyzing paragraph levels, getting the central idea and mastering the context of articles. These three aspects are all based on students' generalization ability. The development of writing ability is also a general process. Pupils' transition from "speaking" to "writing" and from "reading" to "writing" (imitation) should express the internal relations of things in an orderly and vivid way through written language. There is a process of comprehensive refining, which is also a process of generalization. Because the foundation of Chinese ability is generalization, we should emphasize the training of generalization ability from beginning to end when cultivating primary school students' Chinese ability. Traditionally, students' Chinese ability is divided into four basic abilities: listening, speaking, reading and writing, which is correct. If listening, speaking, reading and writing reflect the basic content of primary school students' Chinese ability, then the differences of different students' Chinese learning are closely related to the differences of their thinking quality in Chinese literature learning. Thinking quality is the expression of intelligence and ability in intellectual activities, especially thinking activities, which reflects the level of thinking and the differences of intelligence and ability of each individual. It usually includes five aspects: profundity, flexibility, originality, criticism and agility. These five thinking qualities are an interrelated and inseparable dialectical unity. Professor Lin Chongde combined these four language abilities and five thinking qualities to form an open dynamic system.