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1. Problems in history education in middle schools

History, as a discipline for self-cultivation and social cognition, is a long-term It is an implicit, consciousness-oriented discipline. Its main function is to improve people's ideological realm and understand social reality to make scientific decisions. However, this requires a long formation process, unlike instrumental disciplines such as mathematics, physics, and chemistry in improving people's skills. , can receive immediate results.

Driven by utilitarianism, most of the Chinese society does not examine the historical level of the candidates in the talent selection examination, which objectively strengthens the theory that "reading history is useless."

There are still various misunderstandings in the historical education reform.

The current society’s requirements for education are still “talents”, but not “people” first. Test scores and admission to higher schools have naturally become the primary goals of schools, and test scores have become the most important measure of teaching effectiveness. The important or even the only measure.

In this social environment, it is difficult to change the exam-oriented nature of history education without the concerted efforts of the whole society.

2. What is traditional Chinese culture

The two words "wen" and "hua" appeared as early as in oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions.

"Shuowen": "Wen means wrong painting.

" Wang Jun noted: "Wrong person means interlacing.

Wrong painting means It is a written text.

"Dagger, change, from the upside down person." The meaning of obedience or disobedience.

It means becoming righteous and harmonious, which means enlightenment.

The term cultural composition was found in Liu Xiang's "Shuo Yuan. Zhi Wu" of the Western Han Dynasty: "The sage rules the world first with virtue and then with force.

The rise of martial arts is due to disobedience. ; If the culture does not change, then it will be punished.

"The "culture" here refers to the civilized education as opposed to "force".

Chinese traditional culture refers to the Chinese culture with a stable form, including ideas, ways of thinking, and value orientations. , moral sentiments, lifestyles, etiquette systems, customs and habits, religious beliefs, literature and art, education and technology and many other aspects of rich content.

3. Characteristics of Chinese traditional culture

(1) It has a long history.

Comparing Chinese culture with European culture, “Firstly, in terms of time duration, China has one person running long distances from beginning to end, while Europe has many people running in relays.

Second, in terms of space, European culture originated in Greece and Athens, and spread from this cultural center to the surrounding areas.

Later, when Greece declined and Rome rose, the cultural center began in Greece. Moved to Rome, and then spread from Rome to the surrounding areas.

Therefore, Western culture often spreads from one center to all directions, and these cultural centers often spread from this place. That place.

This situation will be accompanied by a phenomenon, which is the phenomenon of frequent cultural interruption.

"The Evolution of Chinese Tradition" by Qian Mu. ")

(2) Broad and profound.

For example, academically, there are hundreds of schools of thought in the pre-Qin period, Confucian classics of the Han Dynasty, metaphysics of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Buddhism of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties, textual criticism of the Qing Dynasty, etc., all forming a complete system.

In particular, the four schools of Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism, and Legalism have global influence.

In terms of poetry creation, the Zhou Dynasty had the Book of Songs, and later the Songs of Chu. After that, there were Yuefu of the Han Dynasty, Tang poetry, Song lyrics, and Yuan music, which were successively inherited and continuously innovated.

In terms of novels, there are the Legends of the Six Dynasties, legends of the Tang Dynasty, scripts of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", "A Dream of Red Mansions", "Journey to the West", "The Plum in the Golden Ping", and "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" that appeared in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. "The Scholars", "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio", etc.

In terms of opera, Wang Shifu's "The Romance of the West Chamber", Ma Zhiyuan's "Autumn in the Han Palace", Bai Pu's "The Horse on the Wall", Zheng Guangzu's "A Chinese Story Comes Back", Tang Xianzu's "The Peony Pavilion", Hong Sheng's "Immortality" Palace", Kong Shangren's "Peach Blossom Fan", etc.

In particular, Guan Hanqing wrote 63 kinds of dramas in his life, 300 years earlier than Shakespeare, who wrote 36 plays and was called the world's great dramatist.

In terms of painting, there are "Picture of Proverbs for Women" by Gu Kaizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, "Picture of Walking Chariot" by Yan Liben of Tang Dynasty, "Picture of Farewell to the Heavenly King" by Wu Daozi, "Picture of Five Oxen" by Han Huan, "Picture of Five Oxen" by Gu Hongzhong of Five Dynasties. Rare treasures such as "Han Xizai's Night Banquet" and Song Dynasty's Zhang Zeduan's "Along the River During the Qingming Festival".

In terms of sculpture, there are carvings from Yungang, Longmen, Dunhuang and other grottoes.

There are the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang.

In terms of calligraphy, there are the "Four Masters" of calligraphy: Wang Xizhi, the "Sage of Calligraphy" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Ouyang Xun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang, and Xue Ji in the early Tang Dynasty, Zhang Xu, the "Cao Sage", Yan Zhenqing, who founded the Yan style, Liu Style's Liu Gongquan.

Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, and Cai Xiang of the Song Dynasty, Huizong of the Song Dynasty pioneered the "thin gold body", Zhao Mengfu of the Yuan Dynasty, Fu Shan of the Qing Dynasty, etc.

(3) Far-reaching influence.

As early as the Zhou Dynasty, Jizi, a royal family member of the Shang Dynasty, led 5,000 people to flee to North Korea, bringing with them poems, books, rituals, music, and various craftsmanship.

Later in the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian opened a trade route to the Western Regions. my country's silk, pig iron smelting and casting technology, agricultural products, and handicrafts were continuously transported along this trade route. throughout West Asia and Europe.

After that, the four great inventions were gradually spread to Europe through the Japanese, playing an immeasurable role in the industrial development of Europe.

During the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made seven voyages to the West and opened up the Maritime Silk Road. my country's specialty porcelain, tea, herbal medicine, etc. were continuously exported to Southeast Asia, South Asia and African countries.

The exchanges between Japan and China began in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, with large-scale cultural import in the fourth to fifth centuries AD.

Japanese characters were imitated and used by Japan after the input of Chinese characters in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

During the Tang Dynasty, Japan sent more than 120 foreign students and scholarly monks to our country to comprehensively study Chinese culture and spread it back home.

Vietnam, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, etc. are also deeply influenced by our ancient culture.

The "Chinatowns" established so far in metropolitan cities around the world still reflect the influence of Chinese culture.

4. How to carry forward the excellent traditional Chinese culture in middle school history teaching

(1) Take the recitation of classics as the forerunner.

China is known as the "Land of Etiquette".

Even though it has been tempered by feudal society for thousands of years, the traditional virtues are still passed down to this day and exude a unique charm that no one can match. It is this rich historical and cultural accumulation that has created the Chinese people The excellent qualities of "loyalty, diligence, benevolence, kindness, and wisdom".

In order to better enhance middle school students’ understanding of traditional culture, middle school history teaching can arrange classic recitation content according to the characteristics of different grade students.

From "The Analects of Confucius" and "The Three-Character Classic" to "The Thousand-Character Classic", Tang poetry, Song lyrics, ancient prose, famous quotes, etc.

Students are required to use morning reading or morning self-study time every day to read ancient and modern traditional classics, understand the content, pay attention to the combination of theory and practice, and explain and express practical significance.

Start with “learning to know” and gradually reach “knowing to do”.

(2) Use history classroom teaching as the main channel to educate middle school students about excellent traditional Chinese culture.

When teaching ancient culture, we should pay attention to infiltrating excellent Chinese traditional culture and moral cultivation education, instilling traditional Chinese virtue education, sublimating patriotism and revolutionary traditional education, infiltrating emotional education, aesthetic education, etc., and constantly promoting The development of the psychological quality of middle school students enhances their spiritual realm and strengthens their understanding of excellent traditional culture.

For example, teachers can introduce the origins and customs of my country's traditional festivals to students during class.

After class, ask students to investigate. Among the many traditional festivals in our country, which ones do we still retain? After various foreign festivals entered our country, have traditional festivals been affected? What traditional festivals do students celebrate at home, and what are the customs during the festivals?

(3) Enhance school characteristics.

If a school is committed to spreading traditional Chinese culture, its campus culture will also exude a strong cultural flavor.

Of course, except for the "Confucius Academy", public middle schools like the above are rare, so if there is a middle school that does this, it will be very distinctive.

For example, extracurricular activity classes can include learning to write calligraphy, learning to draw Chinese paintings, etc.

Use rich and colorful campus culture to cultivate students’ minds, so that traditional culture and virtues can penetrate into students’ hearts.

Use festival activities to seize the opportunity to educate students on traditional culture and Chinese virtues.

If some ancient Chinese rituals and customs are held to promote traditional Chinese culture, such as an apprenticeship ceremony in the new semester, it will provide an environment for students to get in touch with traditional Chinese culture, which will be very helpful in promoting Chinese traditional culture to students. It will be very effective.

In particular, the ancient working people of our country were extremely intelligent and have already applied mathematics to all areas of life. If all the teachers and students of the school can appreciate the crystallization of ancient wisdom through the "Classical Mathematics Festival", they can enjoy it in a pleasant way Experience the essence of traditional Chinese culture in the festive atmosphere.

For example, our country has long used ten heavenly stems and twelve earthly branches to form 60 names such as Jiazi, Yichou, Bingyin, and Dingmao to record the dates of 60 days. Students can use this to Calculation method, rename the date.

(4) Actively develop school-based courses, closely integrate the integration of traditional cultural research, moral education and subject education, and further develop and improve school-based courses with traditional morality as the main content, so that students can receive moral education in all courses , obtaining moral experience in the classroom, moving a moral education based on knowledge education towards a moral education based on feeling and experience that emphasizes the integration of knowledge, abilities, emotions, attitudes and values, focusing on deep excavation, edification, infection and emotional experience.

(5) Efforts should be made to improve the traditional cultural literacy of history teachers through various channels such as lectures, exchanges and discussions, etc. to improve teachers’ ethics, temperament, interests and other aspects, so that teachers can become the main force in inheriting traditional culture.

(6) Schools that have the conditions can organize trips to let students understand the dynamics of human relations; the customs of the north and the south; the weather of mountains and rivers; visit local history museums, etc. to expand practical knowledge.

Carry out various activities to inherit traditional culture, such as knowledge competitions, surveys, discussions, development and excavation of traditional culture with regional characteristics, and understanding of the artistic treasures in traditional culture.

5. The significance of carrying forward the excellent traditional Chinese culture

Wisdom, trust, loyalty, filial piety, etiquette, righteousness, integrity and shame are the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation for thousands of years and are the core values ??of the Chinese nation. The root of traditional culture is the soul of our nation.

Only by vigorously promoting Chinese traditional culture can the Chinese nation be more vibrant and harmonious.

To carry forward traditional Chinese culture, we must advocate all ideas and spirits that are conducive to national unity, the reunification of the motherland, and the cohesion of people's hearts; we must advocate all ideas and spirits that are conducive to the country's prosperity, social progress, and people's happiness; The idea and spirit of labor creating a better life should guide young students to establish the concept of loving the motherland and serving the people as the greatest glory and harming the interests of the country and people and national dignity as the greatest shame, so as to better inherit and carry forward traditional culture.

The "Eight Honors and Eight Disgraces" embody the essence of traditional culture and play an important role in promoting the national spirit among middle school students.

Traditional culture is the spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation. "I dare not forget about my country even if I am humble" and "every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world" embody the deep affection of the descendants of Yan and Huang for the country and the nation; "Prostitution, poverty and lowliness cannot be moved, power cannot be surrendered", "Be worried about the world's worries first, and be happy after the world's happiness" are values ??that transcend utilitarianism; "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" is to strengthen self-cultivation and establish harmony The embodiment of interpersonal relationships.

The concept of honor and disgrace of "Eight Honors and Eight Disgraces" is a modern summary of these traditional virtues.

"Eight Honors and Eight Disgraces" provides a code of conduct for young students in the new era.

In today's society, students should be educated to establish values ??that are recognized and accepted by the public, such as integrity, cooperation, justice, etc.

It is a top priority to guide young people to establish a socialist concept of honor and disgrace.

Only by clarifying right and wrong, good and evil, beauty and ugliness, honor and disgrace, can young people be cultivated into new socialist citizens with lofty pursuits, and can China's excellent traditional culture be further developed in the new era

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