1973, he studied the quantum effect near the black hole, and found that the black hole will emit radiation like a celestial body, and the temperature of the radiation is inversely proportional to the mass of the black hole, so that the black hole will gradually become smaller due to radiation, but the temperature will get higher and higher, and finally it will end in an explosion. Black hole radiation or Hawking radiation (including Germany? The discovery of Hawking radiation in Sitter space is of great significance, which unifies general relativity, quantum field theory and thermodynamics, and is a quantum field theory in curved space-time.
1973, his research turned to the theory of quantum gravity. Although people haven't got a successful theory, they have found some characteristics of it. For example, space-time is not flat on the Planck scale, but in a powder state. There is no pure state in quantum gravity, the law of causality is broken, and the unknowability rises from classical statistical physics and quantum statistical physics to the third level of quantum gravity.
After 1980, Hawking's interest turned to quantum cosmology, and he proposed unbounded conditions that can solve the problem of the first popularization of the universe. In July 2004, he admitted that his initial view of the "black hole paradox" was wrong. The subtitle of A Brief History of Time is from the Big Bang to the Black Hole. Stephen william hawking believes that his life's contribution is within the framework of classical physics, which proves the inevitability of black holes and the singularity of the Big Bang. Black holes are getting bigger and bigger, but under the framework of quantum physics, he pointed out that black holes are getting smaller and smaller due to radiation, and the singularity of the Big Bang is constantly smoothed out by quantum effects, and the whole space starts from here. The details of theoretical physics will change in the next 20 years, but in terms of concept, it is still quite complete.
1985, he had a tracheotomy because of pneumonia and completely lost his ability to speak. His speech and question-and-answer can only be completed by a speech synthesizer.
1985, I came to China for the first time and visited China University of Science and Technology and Beijing Normal University. Give an academic report on astrophysics in HKUST Water Lecture Hall.
1988, Hawking's popular science book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to the Black Hole was released, which explored the origin and destination of the universe from the perspective of studying black holes. This book has been translated into more than 40 languages, and more than ten thousand copies have been published 10. However, because of its extremely difficult content, it is called unread bestseller in the west.