When Sun Jing was studying late at night, he was often afraid of being sleepy, so he hung his head on the beam with a rope. If he is dizzy, his eyes are closed and his head is about to fall off, the rope will be pulled up to prevent him from falling asleep.

Sticking stock

During the Warring States Period, Su Qin, an official in the Qin Dynasty, returned unexpectedly and was despised by his own flesh and blood. He read Sun Tzu's Art of War, Six Towers and Yin Fu day and night. Quiet every night, coma, lead a cone to stab its shares, make it wake up and repeat.

yeast

Biography of Che Yin in the Book of Jin: Yin is knowledgeable and versatile. The poor don't often get oil. On summer nights, dozens of fireflies are packed in practice bags to take care of books.

Xue Ying

Liao Yongxian's Shanglu: Sun Kang, who is sensitive and eager to learn, is poor and oil-free, and studies in the winter months.

Chisel the wall

Miscellanies of Xijing: Kuang Heng studied hard and lit candles, but his neighbors couldn't catch him. Heng tried to draw light from the wall and read them by publishing books. City people can't read their surnames. They have money at home and many books. Therefore, Heng is cooperating with him, not claiming compensation. The master asked Heng strangely, and Heng said, "May the master read all the books." The host sighed, gave books and became a university.

Borrow the moon

Ren Mo, Jiang Qin in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and Lu Dian, the grandfather of Lu You in the Song Dynasty, all had diligent deeds of reading by moonlight in their youth. Jiang Qin, in particular, climbed onto the roof with a book in his hand to continue reading in order to catch up with the west oblique moonlight.

Study hard

Historical Records Confucius Family: Confucius likes the Book of Changes later, and ... reads the Book of Changes. He said, "If you leave me for a few years, I will be gentle in Iraq." Interpretation: "Wei" is cooked cowhide; "Bian Wei" refers to bamboo slips woven with cowhide ropes. "Three" is a divisor, which means many times; "Absolute" means broken. In order to read easily, Confucius turned over the bamboo slips of cowhide tendon many times. Later generations used the idiom "Bian Wei's Three Musts" to describe hard work.

People in ancient times studied hard to become talents. Sun Kang can't read at night, because he has no money to buy lamp oil, so he must go to bed early.

He felt it a pity to let time pass in vain. One night in the middle of the night, he woke up from his sleep, turned his head out of the window and found a ray of light in the window.

It turned out to be a reflection of heavy snow, which can be used for reading. So he was so tired that he immediately got dressed, took out his book and went outside.

The snow reflected on the wide earth is much brighter than the snow in the room. Sun Kang ignored the cold and immediately read a book. His hands and feet were frozen stiff, so he got up and ran, rubbing his fingers at the same time.

From then on, every snowy night, he never missed this good opportunity and studied tirelessly. This spirit of hard work has promoted his knowledge to advance by leaps and bounds and become a knowledgeable person.

Later, he became a big official. "In the Jin Dynasty, Che Yin was always eager to learn, but his father was unable to provide him with a good learning environment because of his poor family.

In order to maintain food and clothing, there is no extra money to buy him lamp oil for evening study. To this end, he can only use this time to recite poems.

"One night in summer, he was reciting an article in the yard when he suddenly saw many fireflies flying at low altitude. The flashing light is a bit dazzling in the dark.

He thought, if many fireflies were gathered together, wouldn't it become a lamp? So he went to find a white silk bag and immediately caught dozens of fireflies in it, tied the mouth of the bag and hung it up. It's not very bright, but it can be used for reading.

From then on, as long as there are fireflies, he will catch one to use as a lamp. Because he studied hard and practiced hard, he finally became an official in a high position.

When the Western Han Dynasty was stolen, there was a farmer's child named Kuang Heng. He wanted to study very much when he was a child, but because his family was poor, he couldn't afford to go to school.

Later, he learned to read from a relative before he could read. Kuang Heng can't afford books, so he has to borrow books to read.

At that time, books were so valuable that people who had books refused to lend them to others easily. During the busy farming season, Kuang Heng worked as a short-term worker for wealthy families and asked them to lend him books for free.

A few years later, Kuang Heng grew up and became the main labor force in the family. He works in the fields all day, and only has time to read some books during his lunch break, so it often takes ten days and a half months to finish reading a book.

Kuang Heng was in a hurry, thinking: planting crops during the day, no time to read, you can spend more time reading at night. But Kuang Heng's family is too poor to buy oil for lighting. What shall we do One night, Kuang Heng was lying in bed reciting the books he had read during the day.

Behind me, I suddenly saw a light coming through the east wall. He stood up and walked to the wall. It turned out that the neighbor's lights came through the cracks in the wall.

So Kuang Heng thought of a way: he picked up a knife and dug several cracks in the wall. In this way, the light coming through is also very big, so he gathered the light coming through and began to read.

Kuang Heng studied so hard that he became a learned man. The idiom "Chengmen Sydney" is a household name.

It comes from the story of Shi Yang, a famous Neo-Confucianism scholar in Song Dynasty, who was studying in Lexian. Shi Yang has been very clever since he was a child. At the age of four, he went to the village to study. At the age of seven, he was able to write poetry. At the age of eight, he was called a child prodigy.

At the age of fifteen, he studied classics and history, and in nine years, he became a scholar in Xining. He is determined to write a book all his life and give lectures in many places, which is very popular.

At home, I have been studying and writing in Han Yun Temple and Guishan Academy. One year, on the way to Liuyang as a county magistrate, Shi Yang took pains to detour Luoyang to learn from Cheng Yi for further study.

One day, Shi Yang and his classmate You Zuo had different views on a certain issue. In order to get the correct answer, they went to the teacher's house for advice. It's the middle of winter, it's freezing and there are thick clouds.

They walked halfway, the plastic wind was blowing, the snow was falling, and the chilly wind poured into their necklines unscrupulously. They wrapped up their clothes and hurried on.

When I came to the Cheng family, it happened that my husband was sitting by the fire meditating to recuperate. Shi Yang didn't dare to disturb the teacher, so they stood respectfully outside the door, waiting for Mr. Wang to wake up.

At this time, the distant mountains are like jade clusters, the Woods are covered with silver makeup, and the houses are also covered with white clothes. Shi Yang's feet were frozen and shivering with cold, but he still stood respectfully.

After a long time, Cheng Yi woke up and found Shi Yang standing in the snow from the window. He was covered in snow, and the snow under his feet was more than a foot thick. He got up quickly and called them into the house. Later, after understanding the true meaning of Cheng, Southeast scholars called him "Cheng" and "Mr. Kameyama" in the world.

Since then, the story of "Chengmen Sydney" has become a beautiful talk of respecting teachers and attaching importance to education forever. Sun Jing went to Luoyang Imperial College to study. He studied from morning till night every day and often forgot to eat and sleep.

After a long time, he would be too tired to doze off, so he found a rope, one end of which was tied to the beam and the other end was tied to his hair. When he dozes off while reading, the rope will pull his hair and hurt his scalp, so that people will naturally not doze off and can continue to study. Since then, he has used this method every night when studying. This is the story of Sun Jing's Hanging Beam.

Su Qin was a famous strategist in the Warring States Period. Luoyang (Taiping Village, Li Lou Township) was from Nathan Scott Lee in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. When he was young, he was ambitious and studied with Guiguzi for many years. In order to gain fame, he sold his family property, bought gorgeous clothes, and went to the State of Qin to lobby King Hui of Qin, hoping to gradually unify China with the skill of Lian Heng, which was not adopted.

Because I stayed in Qin for too long, I was exhausted and had to go home in rags. Relatives were cold to him when they saw that he was helpless.

Su Qin was ashamed and determined to study hard, so he took out the book Yin Fu given to him by his master and studied hard day and night. He prepared an awl when he was reading. When he dozed off, he stabbed himself in the thigh with an awl, forcing himself to wake up and concentrate on reading.

After doing this for a year, he traveled around the world again. This time, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei were finally persuaded to "unite vertically" against Qin, and kept the seal of the six countries.

Su Qin signed a treaty with six countries to jointly fight against Qin, and issued a treaty to the State of Qin, which made the King of Qin 15 years afraid to peep at Hangu Pass. This is the story of Su Qin's "stabbing stocks".

3. The translation of the classical Chinese "Liu Xuan studied hard and became a success" is selected from Jingtai (①) of Jiao Hong's "Yutang Yu Cong". Liu (②) studied in the stable day and night to guard the cattle and horses, and was stationed in the capital of Ji 'an, which made him ignorant at first. The teacher was surprised to discuss Chunqiu with the scholar, which made it a pleasant encounter. As a public official, people first know the public, but a person's name is beneficial to him. During the Jingtai period in Ming Daizong, Liu Xuan of Ji 'an took the place of others as a soldier in Wei Longxiang, the capital of Ji 'an, and raised horses for Wei Shi, who studied in the stable day and night. Wei Shi didn't know it at first. Liu Xuan accidentally chatted with the teacher in a private school about the Spring and Autumn Annals. The teacher was amazed at his talent and put (). Liu Xuan presided over the exam and was surprised by his article. He thought (this) must be the work of an old Confucian scholar who read a lot of poetry books. When it was opened, it was Liu Xuan. People began to know Liu Xuan, and his reputation for knowing people became greater. Note ① Jingtai: the year number of Zhu Qiyu, Emperor Taizong of Ming Dynasty. ② Liu: Wait. In a short time. ⑤ Harmony between the legal circles: (Liu Xuan took part in the imperial examination) was ranked among the legal circles. Legal circles, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the first name of the juror in the provincial examination was Xie Yuan, and the first name of the juror in the provincial examination was "Legal circles". Moreover, it refers to the imperial examinations, especially the Jinshi, which were only used in the top three court examinations in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. ⑤ Liu Wengong, hereinafter referred to as "Wen".

4. Classical Chinese: Ouyang Xiu studied hard to explain the key words, reasons, and the secret of Ouyang Xiu's success (except Ouyang Xiu studied hard the Story of Ouyang Gong). Original: Ouyang Gong is four years old, lonely, poor and without money. Mrs. Tai painted the land, taught him to use calligraphy, and recited more ancient chapters for a long time. Since there was no book to read at home, she borrowed it. I have written like an adult. Note: 1 is selected from Stories of Ouyang Gong, with the title added by the editor. 2.Di (dí): reed stalk. 3. land (neighborhood. 5. scholar's house: 6. Text: Translation: Mr. Ouyang Xiu lost his father when he was four years old, and his family was poor. Teach him to write. I also taught him to read many ancient chapters. When I am old and have no books to read at home, I want to borrow books from the bureaucrats in the neighborhood and sometimes copy them. He was able to recite the article before he finished copying it, so that he forgot to eat and sleep day and night, and his only task was reading. The poems and articles he wrote since he was a child have been like adults since he put pen to paper. Special sentence pattern: 1 Teach him calligraphy-teach him to write like this. Therefore, in reality, children from some wealthy families lack a lot of motivation to learn because they don't have enough to eat and wear at present, which makes them lack the ideological and character foundation for future achievements.

5. Read classical Chinese. Liu Xuan studied hard to become a talent (7 points). Jingtai ①, Hebei ② Shoujing 1:(2 points) C Subtle 2:(2 points) (He) studied day and night in the stable, which Wei Shi didn't know at first.

Question 3:(3 points) (1) Liu Xuan: Study hard and become a success. (2) Guardian: Cherish talents.

(3) Liu Xuan: A discerning person makes a small question of 1: Comments: This sentence is not difficult to translate, and you can basically see the meaning of the sentence. Reading ancient Chinese and understanding the general idea are the prerequisites for translating classical Chinese sentences, especially extracurricular ancient Chinese. We must judge the general meaning of the sentence in the context by understanding the content of the article.

Question 3: Analysis of the test questions: Reading in the morning and evening shows Liu Xuan's diligence, and Wei's and Liu Xuan's appreciation of Liu Xuan shows their love for talents. Comments: This question is more difficult. Students must master the content of the article before they can analyze the characters.

When analyzing characters, we should combine stories to grasp their words and deeds, think more when reading, and train the methods of analyzing characters.

6. Kneeling for happiness and dying of worry (with answers) Rt is born of worry and dies of happiness (knowledge point investigation) 1. Pronunciation of the following words: 1, Muzhong () 2. Legalist scholar () 3. Fu Shuo held it between two versions. Prissy () 2. Shun was born in an acre of land, and people always pass through Fu Shuo and hold buildings between it. Guan Yi and I held it in the city out of consideration, so the sky will fall to a higher position, so people also suffer from hunger, fatigue, lack of bones and muscles, and confusion in action, so they once benefited from their perseverance, then made a mark on the color sound, and then said that the family brushed off the enemy's entrance and exit and died in peace. 3. Multiple choice questions: 65438. Choose one of the following sentences that has an incorrect explanation of the added words. A. Shun was born in an acre (beginning with, meaning being appointed). B. Born in sorrow, he died in happiness (ease). C. People live all their lives, and then they can change (the past). D. Yico Zeng can't (increase. Zeng, the same as "increase") 2. Choose one with the same usage from the following groups. A. First, people suffer, and the rest are delayed to their homes (Peach Blossom Garden). B. Heaven falls, so people want to compare with the living (Fish I Want). C. Sign with color, send with sound, and then say that children and grandchildren are infinite. And the mountain does not increase ("Yu Gong Yi Shan") D. Fu Shuo holds it between buildings ("Cao Gui Debate") 3. "If you go in, you can't go home. If you go out, you will be invincible, and the country will die." One of the mistakes in this sentence is () A. This sentence is the only one in the whole text that proves that you died peacefully. B. this sentence is a large number of facts of national subjugation in history. Otherwise, you will die happily. D. this sentence demonstrates the benefits of tempering from the front. 3. Translate the following sentences. Therefore, people should first suffer from their aspirations, work hard on their bones and muscles, starve their skins and have no patience. They have benefited from what they can't do, and then they can change their minds, balance their concerns, make signs, sounds and metaphors. 4. Fill in the blanks: ① The author thinks that a country needs a long life. (Answer in words) ② Born in sorrow and died in happiness. Taking the ancient sages and sages as an example, it shows that their similarities are that they have all been tempered in a difficult environment and achieved extraordinary careers. Based on this, the article explains. ③ Connecting with the full text, the conclusion is that, in the present words, the sentence in the article sublimates from the individual to the country, and demonstrates the truth of "dying in happiness". ⑤ In "Born in worry and dying in happiness", Mencius believes that the objective condition for cultivating talents is "",and only in this way can ""; The subjective condition of cultivating talents is "". ⑥ The essay talks about the country from the individual and puts forward the judgment of ".5". Q&A: 1. In the first paragraph of Selected Works, Mencius told people that to achieve greatness, one must go through tempering. Please write two famous sayings with similar meanings. 2. Mencius listed the experiences of six historical figures and emphasized "adversity can". Now some people think that "prosperity can also be achieved". What do you think of this? Please give an example. 3. How effective is the rational prose of Mencius in using parallelism and irregular sentence patterns? Please take the second paragraph of the selected text as an example for specific analysis. 4. Talk about what kind of sense of urgency should be combined with your own reality. 6 historical celebrities are listed at the beginning of Born in Worry and Died in Happiness. What does this do to clarify the point? Born in sorrow, he died in happiness (exercise) in Guiyang in 2004. Therefore, the sky will drop to a big position. Therefore, people must first suffer their ambitions, their bones and muscles, their bodies and skins, and their bodies, so they will endure, so they have benefited from incompetence. People will be patient and then change; Trapped in the heart, balanced in consideration, and then made; Color label, sound hair, and then metaphor. If you enter, you can't go home, if you leave, there will be no foreign invasion, and if the country dies, it will last forever. Then you will know that you were born in sorrow and died in happiness. 1. Explain the words added in the paragraph. ① Therefore, ② is 2. Then you will know that you were born in sorrow and died in happiness. This paragraph mainly discusses who can bear the burden of the world. Only in this way can we achieve the effect or achievement of "Yico Zeng can't do it". Please stick to this argument and give an appropriate example as an argument at will. The cited examples must include names, experiences and achievements. 4. The article says: "People can change after they pass". Some people hold different opinions on this sentence. Let's talk about your opinion based on your own thinking. 5. One mistake in the following explanation of notional words is that, a, the people of the territory do not pay attention to the border of the frontier: region, region b, lack of help, relatives' banks: betrayal through "rebellion" C, Fu Shuo quoted between versions: chosen, used D, must suffer first: make ... suffer 6. Choose the meaning of the article. The author of the article "Unable to get help because of moral deficiency" emphasizes the importance of benevolent governance in governing the country. B. The article "Help more by virtue, help less by virtue" demonstrates the central argument. C. The story of Sima Qian who embezzled and wrote historical records, Ouyang Xiu who lost his father and studied hard in his childhood, and Zhang Haidi who was physically disabled and determined cannot prove that he was born in poverty. The article "Die in Happiness" tells us a profound truth: Suffering is the tempering of life, and only by overcoming suffering can we succeed. Jinhua, Zhejiang, 2008 15, learning classical Chinese should always pay attention to accumulation. Please write the meaning of adding some words to the examples. Complete the following accumulation card. (3 points) The number of the accumulation card for reading classical Chinese is 1 1 1. For example, if you enter, there will be no legalist school. Born in sorrow, died in happiness. The grass will enter the curtain. The humble room inscription will leave the boat for Taohuayuan 16. What do you get from their examples? (3 points) 18. Choose the one whose meaning is misunderstood. (2 points) A. Make (tell) B. Be surprised by his writing (be surprised) C. Say it is the work of an old Confucian in Bishanlin (practice) D. Make (he refers to Liu Xuan) 19.