Du Fu

The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.

The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.

Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.

After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.

Appreciation of mountaineering

This poem was written by Du Fu in Kuizhou in the second year of Dali (767). Kuizhou is on the bank of the Yangtze River. The whole poem tells the poet's complex feelings of wandering, old illness and loneliness for many years through mountaineering, which is impassioned and touching. Yang Lun praised this poem as "the first of Du Ji's seven-character poems" (Du Shi Jing Quan), and Hu Yinglin's "Poetry" is even more amazing, and it is the highest of seven-character poems in ancient and modern times.

The first four sentences are about climbing mountains. The first couplet is right. Focusing on the specific environment of Kuizhou, the poet used the word "wind rush" to drive the All-China Federation, and from the very beginning, he wrote a quatrain that was told for generations. Kuizhou is famous for its many apes, and the canyon is famous for its windy weather. It is cool in autumn, but it is windy here. When the poet climbs the mountain, the sound of "high apes whistling" comes from the gorge, which means "the empty valley echoes, and the sorrow turns to leisurely" ("Water Classics Notes Rivers"). The poet moved his eyes from the heights to the rivers and lakes, and on the background of clear water and white sand, he was dotted with birds dancing with the wind and never looking back. This is really a beautiful painting. Among them, the sky, wind, sand, Zhu, and apes scream. Birds fly, a match made in heaven, a match made in heaven. Not only the upper and lower sentences are correct, but also the sentences are self-correct, such as the above sentence "heaven" versus "wind"; "high" versus "urgent"; The next sentences "sand" versus "Zhu" and "white" versus "green" are full of rhythm. After the artistic refinement of the poet, fourteen words, each of which is accurate and appropriate, are all in name only. In words, "thank you for your axe" has reached a wonderful and difficult state. What is more noteworthy is that the word "Wei" in the first sentence is usually flat, but this poem is flat. Shen Deqian's eulogy is "Two rhymes are still used, but they change because of strangeness" (Tang Poetry).

This couplet embodies the typical characteristics of Kuizhou in autumn. The poet looked up at the endless rustling leaves and looked down at the endless rolling river. While writing about the scenery, he expressed his feelings affectionately. "Endless" and "inexhaustible" make "rustling" and "rolling" more vivid, which not only reminds people of the sound of falling trees and the surging Yangtze River, but also invisibly conveys the feeling that youth is fleeting: ambition is hard to pay. Through the gloomy and sad dialogue, it shows superb brushwork, and it does have the majestic momentum of "repairing the palace" and "pouring hundreds of rivers into the east". It is reasonable for predecessors to call it "the absolute step of the past and the present" and "the transformation in the sentence"

The first two couplets describe autumn scenery, and it was not until the necklace that the word "autumn" was pointed out. "Alone on the stage" shows that the poet looks down from a height and closely connects the eye scene with the heart. Frequent visitor points out the poet's wandering life. "One hundred years" means a limited life, here refers to the twilight. The word "sad autumn" is written very painfully. Autumn is not necessarily sad, but when the poet witnessed the desolate and magnificent autumn scenery, he couldn't help thinking of his own exile, the old, the weak and the sick, so he gave birth to infinite sadness. The poet summed up the feelings of a long-time guest who is most likely to be sad in autumn and love to go on stage alone, which makes people deeply feel his heavy emotional pulse. The "Wan Li" and "Centennial" of this pair of couplets are the same as those of the last pair. "Boundless" and "endless" also have the function of mutual echo: the poet's travel worries and loneliness, like fallen leaves and rivers, are pushed and driven away endlessly, and emotion and scenery blend into one. At this point, the poem has given the general meaning of homesickness, increased the content of long-term loneliness, increased people's feelings of mourning for autumn and suffering from illness, increased the sigh of Wan Li and others leaving home in their twilight years, and made the poem more profound.

The tail is knotted and divided into five or six sentences. The poet suffers from hardship and poverty, worrying about the country and the people, and his hair is getting gray. In addition, because of illness and alcohol deprivation, it is even more difficult for them to let go. The poet's ambivalence is easy to understand, because he was eager to climb high and see far, but now he provokes hatred for no reason, adding to his sorrow. The first six sentences are "flying", and here is "soft and cold, infinite sorrow is beyond words" ("Poetry").

The first half of the poem describes the scenery, the second half is lyrical, and the writing style is different. The first couplet focuses on describing the specific scenery in front of us, just like the meticulous brushwork of a painter, showing the shape, sound, color and state one by one. The second couplet focuses on rendering the atmosphere of the whole autumn, just like the painter's freehand brushwork. It should only be vivid and vivid, so that readers can supplement it with imagination and express their feelings in triplicate, starting from two aspects: vertical (time) and horizontal (space), and writing from a foreign land to a sick and disabled life. Quadrupling the number of white hair, protecting illness and abstinence from alcohol can be summed up as the hardship of the times is the root of poverty. In this way, Du Fu's feelings when he was worried about the country and hurt the country jumped from the page.

All eight sentences in this poem are correct. At first glance, the beginning and the end seem to be "wrong", and the chest and abdomen seem to be "wrong". After careful consideration, "every sentence in the article is law, and every word in the sentence is law." Not only "the whole article can be taught", but also "choose words and make sentences", "people in ancient and modern times dare not speak and will never speak" It is natural to win the reputation of "masterpiece" (see Hu Yinglin's poem).

Ascending the Mountain is a famous seven-character poem in Du Fu's poetry collection. It was written in the autumn of the second year of Tang Daizong Dali (767) when the poet lived in Kuizhou. This is a sad song with the style of "pulling the mountain and lifting the tripod", which was once praised as "the first seven words in ancient and modern times" (Hu Yinglin's poem-internal compilation).

The whole poem is about the scenery seen when climbing the mountain, magnificent and vast; In the boundless and vigorous weather, there is a sense of oppression. The whole language is concise, with sonorous tone, flowing charm and neat antithesis. It artistically expresses the poet's depressed patriotic feelings and worries about traveling, and his grief and indignation are not excessive, and his bitterness is not depressed.

The poem begins with a description of the scenery, and fourteen words outline a magnificent picture of climbing high and overlooking. In late autumn, the clear sky is like the sea, and the more you look up, the more infinite you feel, so you say "high"; Kuizhou area has high mountains and dense forests. Whenever it is freezing in Chu Qing, there are often high apes whistling, empty valleys ringing and endless sorrows and joys, so it is called "sorrow"; In late autumn and September, the pool is cold and quiet, and the sandbar is small and lonely, so it is called "Qing"; The wind and frost are noble and pure, and the truth is clear, so it is called "white". Because the platform is high, the more windy it feels, it is said to be "urgent"; When the wind is strong, waterfowl fly low and hover, so they say "back". Words and expressions are extremely appropriate. "Sky high", "sand white", "ape whistling" and "bird flying" are all typical scenery with the autumn characteristics of the Three Gorges in Kuizhou. When captured in poetry, it is not only vivid in image, but also extremely lofty in realm, full of the poet's endless feelings.

Write three or four sentences about distant scenery, starting from the big picture, the first sentence is about mountain scenery, and the second sentence is about it; The next sentence is river view. Mountains and rivers crisscross, forming a very vivid Three Gorges Qiu Jingtu. The wind in late autumn is very strong, and I smell the rustling sound of fallen leaves; The canyon is deep and the current is fast, so watch the waves roll. Using "infinity" to describe "falling wood" shows its wide realm; By describing it as "Yangtze River" and "endless", we can see the infinity of great rivers. In the bleak and extremely desolate scene, there is an unrestrained momentum. The two sentences also use double-tone reduplication, which is sonorous and full of the beauty of sound and rhyme.

"people who are deeper than love are good at writing scenery." The above four sentences describe the scenery, which really set off the poet's mood and wrote the poet's sad autumn, but they did not directly use the literal meaning of "sad autumn", but infiltrated this sadness into the concrete picture. The natural scenery described in the poem not only has the specific characteristics of objective things and seasonal characteristics, but also is full of the poet's special emotional color, which shows the poet's specific mood. As an animal, the crying ape itself does not have human feelings, but for the poet in Hardship, the crying of the crying ape is full of a sad mood. Similarly, the rolling Yangtze River, rustling fallen trees, hovering birds and deserted small houses all play a role in rendering the atmosphere of the environment and setting off the poet's artistic conception. "Love moves with things, words follow feelings, a leaf welcomes guests, and the sound of insects is enough to attract the heart" ("Wen Xin Diao Long Search"), not to mention this desolate and cold scenery? Naturally, the poet touched the scene and caused corresponding psychological activities and emotional changes. And this psychological activity and emotional change, in turn, deepened the emotional color of the scenery. Therefore, the scenery in poetry is different from the natural scenery, and it is an objective scenery that the poet has subjectivized. In literary works, when the description of scenery reflects the author's special feelings, and when the author's subjective feelings are in harmony with the objective characteristics of scenery, its artistic charm to readers is incomparable to that of ordinary poems describing scenery.

Five or six sentences naturally transition from the above scenery description to lyricism. Write two sentences about the difficult situation of wandering for a long time due to illness and autumn scenery's sad mood. "I came from three thousand miles away. Sadness follows autumn today ",which is said from the space and is the so-called" horizontal theory "; "Let's climb this high alone with my sorrow for a hundred years" is a matter of time, that is, the so-called "longitudinal theory". Two sentences connect the preceding with the following, pointing out the main idea of the whole poem. Structurally, it is progressive, turning step by step, and contains extremely rich contents. Luo Song Da Jing said: "Wan Li" is far away; Autumn' is a sad reminder; One guest', ok; A frequent visitor, a long journey; A hundred years', twilight teeth also; Many diseases', decline disease also; Taiwan', high place also; Alone on the stage, no relatives or friends. There are eight meanings between fourteen characters, and the duality is accurate. "("He Lu "Volume 15) As a guest on the stage, this is the homesickness of the wanderer. In addition, Wan Li has been wandering from place to place for more than a hundred years, suffering from many diseases, so he has further described the feeling of loneliness and misery. The bleak autumn wind has made people feel sad, and it is even more worth taking the stage in the next year. Because of this step-by-step frustrated brushwork, the depressed emotions hidden in the poet's heart are more profound and powerful. Deep feelings come from rich life. Although this poem reflects the poet's personal experience, readers can get a glimpse of the sufferings of the broad masses of people in the war years.

The last sentence is about your poor and lonely situation and mood. On the other hand, I wrote that I was very hard, and my white hair added to my body; The next sentence says I'm down and out, sick. The whole poem ends with a heavy sigh, with deep grief and indignation, but also with deep feelings. The word "bitterness, bitterness and hatred" not only refers to the author's own difficult situation and life experience when he was a guest in Wan Li, but also refers to the social turmoil and the bitterness of the broad masses of the people at that time. "Sleepless worries and fighting" and "inability to work hard" are all "hardships and bitterness" that make the white hair on his head more and more. Now, he has been ill for many years, and his mood is naturally more lonely and more painful. It is necessary to borrow wine at this time, but because of illness?

This poem was written by Du Fu in Kuizhou in the second year of Dali (767). Kuizhou is on the bank of the Yangtze River. The whole poem tells the poet's complex feelings of wandering, old illness and loneliness for many years through mountaineering, which is impassioned and touching. Yang Lun praised this poem as "the first of Du Ji's seven-character poems" (Du Shi Jing Quan), and Hu Yinglin's "Poetry" is even more amazing, and it is the highest of seven-character poems in ancient and modern times.

The first four sentences are about climbing mountains. The first couplet is right. Focusing on the specific environment of Kuizhou, the poet used the word "wind rush" to drive the All-China Federation, and from the very beginning, he wrote a quatrain that was told for generations. Kuizhou is famous for its many apes, and the canyon is famous for its windy weather. It is cool in autumn, but it is windy here. When the poet climbs the mountain, the sound of "high apes whistling" comes from the gorge, which means "the empty valley echoes, and the sorrow turns to leisurely" ("Water Classics Notes Rivers"). The poet moved his eyes from the heights to the rivers and lakes, and on the background of clear water and white sand, he was dotted with birds dancing with the wind and never looking back. This is really a beautiful painting. Among them, the sky, wind, sand, Zhu, and apes scream. Birds fly, a match made in heaven, a match made in heaven. Not only the upper and lower sentences are correct, but also the sentences are self-correct, such as the above sentence "heaven" versus "wind"; "high" versus "urgent"; The next sentences "sand" versus "Zhu" and "white" versus "green" are full of rhythm. After the artistic refinement of the poet, fourteen words, each of which is accurate and appropriate, are all in name only. In words, "thank you for your axe" has reached a wonderful and difficult state. What is more noteworthy is that the word "Wei" in the first sentence is usually flat, but this poem is flat. Shen Deqian's eulogy is "Two rhymes are still used, but they change because of strangeness" (Tang Poetry).

This couplet embodies the typical characteristics of Kuizhou in autumn. The poet looked up at the endless rustling leaves and looked down at the endless rolling river. While writing about the scenery, he expressed his feelings affectionately. "Endless" and "inexhaustible" make "rustling" and "rolling" more vivid, which not only reminds people of the sound of falling trees and the surging Yangtze River, but also invisibly conveys the feeling that youth is fleeting: ambition is hard to pay. Through the gloomy and sad dialogue, it shows superb brushwork, and it does have the majestic momentum of "repairing the palace" and "pouring hundreds of rivers into the east". It is reasonable for predecessors to call it "the absolute step of the past and the present" and "the transformation in the sentence"

The first two couplets describe autumn scenery, and it was not until the necklace that the word "autumn" was pointed out. "Alone on the stage" shows that the poet looks down from a height and closely connects the eye scene with the heart. Frequent visitor points out the poet's wandering life. "One hundred years" means a limited life, here refers to the twilight. The word "sad autumn" is written very painfully. Autumn is not necessarily sad, but when the poet witnessed the desolate and magnificent autumn scenery, he couldn't help thinking of his own exile, the old, the weak and the sick, so he gave birth to infinite sadness. The poet summed up the feelings of a long-time guest who is most likely to be sad in autumn and love to go on stage alone, which makes people deeply feel his heavy emotional pulse. The "Wan Li" and "Centennial" of this pair of couplets are the same as those of the last pair. "Boundless" and "endless" also have the function of mutual echo: the poet's travel worries and loneliness, like fallen leaves and rivers, are pushed and driven away endlessly, and emotion and scenery blend into one. At this point, the poem has given the general meaning of homesickness, increased the content of long-term loneliness, increased people's feelings of mourning for autumn and suffering from illness, increased the sigh of Wan Li and others leaving home in their twilight years, and made the poem more profound.

The tail is knotted and divided into five or six sentences. The poet suffers from hardship and poverty, worrying about the country and the people, and his hair is getting gray. In addition, because of illness and alcohol deprivation, it is even more difficult for them to let go. The poet's ambivalence is easy to understand, because he was eager to climb high and see far, but now he provokes hatred for no reason, adding to his sorrow. The first six sentences are "flying", and here is "soft and cold, infinite sorrow is beyond words" ("Poetry").

The first half of the poem describes the scenery, the second half is lyrical, and the writing style is different. The first couplet focuses on describing the specific scenery in front of us, just like the meticulous brushwork of a painter, showing the shape, sound, color and state one by one. The second couplet focuses on rendering the atmosphere of the whole autumn, just like the painter's freehand brushwork. It should only be vivid and vivid, so that readers can supplement it with imagination and express their feelings in triplicate, starting from two aspects: vertical (time) and horizontal (space), and writing from a foreign land to a sick and disabled life. Quadrupling the number of white hair, protecting illness and abstinence from alcohol can be summed up as the hardship of the times is the root of poverty. In this way, Du Fu's feelings when he was worried about the country and hurt the country jumped from the page.

All eight sentences in this poem are correct. At first glance, the beginning and the end seem to be "wrong", and the chest and abdomen seem to be "wrong". After careful consideration, "every sentence in the article is law, and every word in the sentence is law." Not only "the whole article can be taught", but also "choose words and make sentences", "people in ancient and modern times dare not speak and will never speak" It is natural to win the reputation of "masterpiece" (see Hu Yinglin's poem).

Ascending the Mountain is a famous seven-character poem in Du Fu's poetry collection. It was written in the autumn of the second year of Tang Daizong Dali (767) when the poet lived in Kuizhou. This is a sad song with the style of "pulling the mountain and lifting the tripod", which was once praised as "the first seven words in ancient and modern times" (Hu Yinglin's poem-internal compilation).

The whole poem is about the scenery seen when climbing the mountain, magnificent and vast; In the boundless and vigorous weather, there is a sense of oppression. The whole language is concise, with sonorous tone, flowing charm and neat antithesis. It artistically expresses the poet's depressed patriotic feelings and worries about traveling, and his grief and indignation are not excessive, and his bitterness is not depressed.

The poem begins with a description of the scenery, and fourteen words outline a magnificent picture of climbing high and overlooking. In late autumn, the clear sky is like the sea, and the more you look up, the more infinite you feel, so you say "high"; Kuizhou area has high mountains and dense forests. Whenever it is freezing in Chu Qing, there are often high apes whistling, empty valleys ringing and endless sorrows and joys, so it is called "sorrow"; In late autumn and September, the pool is cold and quiet, and the sandbar is small and lonely, so it is called "Qing"; The wind and frost are noble and pure, and the truth is clear, so it is called "white". Because the platform is high, the more windy it feels, it is said to be "urgent"; When the wind is strong, waterfowl fly low and hover, so they say "back". Words and expressions are extremely appropriate. "Sky high", "sand white", "ape whistling" and "bird flying" are all typical scenery with the autumn characteristics of the Three Gorges in Kuizhou. When captured in poetry, it is not only vivid in image, but also extremely lofty in realm, full of the poet's endless feelings.

Write three or four sentences about distant scenery, starting from the big picture, the first sentence is about mountain scenery, and the second sentence is about it; The next sentence is river view. Mountains and rivers crisscross, forming a very vivid Three Gorges Qiu Jingtu. The wind in late autumn is very strong, and I smell the rustling sound of fallen leaves; The canyon is deep and the current is fast, so watch the waves roll. Using "infinity" to describe "falling wood" shows its wide realm; By describing it as "Yangtze River" and "endless", we can see the infinity of great rivers. In the bleak and extremely desolate scene, there is an unrestrained momentum. The two sentences also use double-tone reduplication, which is sonorous and full of the beauty of sound and rhyme.

"people who are deeper than love are good at writing scenery." The above four sentences describe the scenery, which really set off the poet's mood and wrote the poet's sad autumn, but they did not directly use the literal meaning of "sad autumn", but infiltrated this sadness into the concrete picture. The natural scenery described in the poem not only has the specific characteristics of objective things and seasonal characteristics, but also is full of the poet's special emotional color, which shows the poet's specific mood. As an animal, the crying ape itself does not have human feelings, but for the poet in Hardship, the crying of the crying ape is full of a sad mood. Similarly, the rolling Yangtze River, rustling fallen trees, hovering birds and deserted small houses all play a role in rendering the atmosphere of the environment and setting off the poet's artistic conception. "Love moves with things, words follow feelings, a leaf welcomes guests, and the sound of insects is enough to attract the heart" ("Wen Xin Diao Long Search"), not to mention this desolate and cold scenery? Naturally, the poet touched the scene and caused corresponding psychological activities and emotional changes. And this psychological activity and emotional change, in turn, deepened the emotional color of the scenery. Therefore, the scenery in poetry is different from the natural scenery, and it is an objective scenery that the poet has subjectivized. In literary works, when the description of scenery reflects the author's special feelings, and when the author's subjective feelings are in harmony with the objective characteristics of scenery, its artistic charm to readers is incomparable to that of ordinary poems describing scenery.

Five or six sentences naturally transition from the above scenery description to lyricism. Write two sentences about the difficult situation of wandering for a long time due to illness and autumn scenery's sad mood. "I came from three thousand miles away. Sadness follows autumn today ",which is said from the space and is the so-called" horizontal theory "; "Let's climb this high alone with my sorrow for a hundred years" is a matter of time, that is, the so-called "longitudinal theory". Two sentences connect the preceding with the following, pointing out the main idea of the whole poem. Structurally, it is progressive, turning step by step, and contains extremely rich contents. Luo Song Da Jing said: "Wan Li" is far away; Autumn' is a sad reminder; One guest', ok; A frequent visitor, a long journey; A hundred years', twilight teeth also; Many diseases', decline disease also; Taiwan', high place also; Alone on the stage, no relatives or friends. There are eight meanings between fourteen characters, and the duality is accurate. "("He Lu "Volume 15) As a guest on the stage, this is the homesickness of the wanderer. In addition, Wan Li has been wandering from place to place for more than a hundred years, suffering from many diseases, so he has further described the feeling of loneliness and misery. The bleak autumn wind has made people feel sad, and it is even more worth taking the stage in the next year. Because of this step-by-step frustrated brushwork, the depressed emotions hidden in the poet's heart are more profound and powerful. Deep feelings come from rich life. Although this poem reflects the poet's personal experience, readers can get a glimpse of the sufferings of the broad masses of people in the war years.

The last sentence is about your poor and lonely situation and mood. On the other hand, I wrote that I was very hard, and my white hair added to my body; The next sentence says I'm down and out, sick. The whole poem ends with a heavy sigh, with deep grief and indignation, but also with deep feelings. The word "bitterness, bitterness and hatred" not only refers to the author's own difficult situation and life experience when he was a guest in Wan Li, but also refers to the social turmoil and the bitterness of the broad masses of the people at that time. "Sleepless worries and fighting" and "inability to work hard" are all "hardships and bitterness" that make the white hair on his head more and more. Now, he has been ill for many years, and his mood is naturally more lonely and more painful. It is necessary to borrow wine at this time, but because of illness?