On March 19th, Chen Zhonghou Coss died of illness.

5、

Huang Yuan, the satrap of Han Jia in Shu, heard that Liu Bei was seriously ill because Zhuge Liang didn't like him. He was worried that Zhuge Liang would be bad for him after Liu Bei's death, so he took the county to revolt and burned Qiongcheng. At that time, Zhuge Liang was visiting the sick in the east, Chengdu was empty, and Huang Yuan was fearless. Yizhou knew that Zhongzhong was doing something, reported it to Chen, and sent generals and Zheng Chuo to crusade against Huangyuan. The meeting held that if Huang Yuan could not surround Chengdu, it would go south from Juanjuan and occupy South China. Yang Hong said, "Huang Yuan has always been violent and has no mercy on people. How can he have such knowledge! Just go down the river, hoping that the Lord will be safe, and tie himself up and give it to the Lord. If anything changes, run for your life and go to Wu Dong. Just make Chen Hu and Zheng Chuo stop at Nan 'an Gap, and they can be captured. When Huang saw his defeat, he was captured alive and beheaded by Zheng Chuo.

6、

Liu Bei, the Lord of the Han Dynasty, was seriously ill, and ordered Zhuge Liang, the prime minister, to assist the prince and Li Yan, the prime minister, to be the deputy. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will certainly bring peace and stability to the country and eventually achieve great things. If the heir can help, help him; If he doesn't deserve it, you can replace him. " (Hu Sansheng's Note: Since ancient times, the Lord who entrusted orphans has never understood the truth like Liu Bei. Zhuge Liang sobbed and said, "I dare to serve the Loyalty Festival with my strength until I die!" " Liu Bei also wrote a letter to the prince, saying, "I am not dead at the age of fifty. I'm over 60, and I died without complaining. I just miss your brother. Let's be brave! " Encourage it! Don't do it with evil small, don't do it with good small! Only virtue and virtue can serve people. Your father and I are too thin to imitate. When you work with the Prime Minister, you should serve him like your father. "

In the summer, on the fourth day of April (there was no such day in April), Liu Bei died in Yong 'an and Zhaolie in posthumous title. At the age of sixty-three. )

Zhuge Liang returned to Chengdu after the funeral, taking Li Yan as the middle protector and staying in Yong 'an Town.

Huashan said:

Liu Bei left a famous saying when he died: "Don't do it with small evils, don't do it with small goodness!" The reason behind this is "amplification", and evil will be amplified. The so-called stealing needles when you are young and stealing gold when you grow up. Good will also be magnified, which is Mencius' "Four Ends Theory": "Compassion is the end of benevolence; The heart of shame and evil, the end of righteousness; The words of the heart are the end of the ceremony; The heart of right and wrong is also the end of wisdom. " Grasping one's own good side and expanding and nourishing the four bodies can fill the world from the inside out and achieve benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom.

The cultivation of moral character is the same, as is the management. Never "grasp the big and let go of the small". Things are big or small only because you look at them for a long time. If you watch it for a long time, it may not be a big deal, but quenching thirst may still be a bad thing. Small things persist for a long time, but they can achieve life.

Wang Fuzhi said:

Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang were the first to talk about the friendship between monarch and minister. But when Liu Bei attacked Wu, Zhuge Liang said, "If the law is right, it will stop the Lord from advancing eastward." Did Bei listen to Zhuge Liang's advice? Sad! Zhuge Liang's painstaking efforts were not understood by people at that time, but he died with his ambition. Isn't it sad to die?

Zhuge Liang's heart must be trying to save Han and destroy Cao. If it did not unite with Dongwu, it was controlled internally by Wu, and the Northern Expedition was sluggish. This kind of mood is only understood by Lu Su and Sun Quan, but Liu Bei has different ambitions. Liu Bei wanted to be self-reliant from the beginning, and later became king himself. His ambition is like that of Guan Yu. So his trust in Zhuge Liang is not as good as his trust in Guan Yu; It is not as good as Sun Quan's trust in Zhou Yu. He suspected that Zhuge Liang and Wu were too close and United. If Zhuge Liang's alliance with Zhu Gejin is beneficial to the Han Dynasty countries, what is doubtful? Moreover, Zhuge Liang used Wu Zhishen's heart to speculate!

With the death of Liu Bei, the rebellion of Wu, the army of Qishan will not come out. After the defeat of Xiaoting, Liu Bei died in battle, and the national elite was destroyed by Yiling. Veterans like Zhao Yun who share the same interests with Zhuge Liang are also dead. Zhuge Liang collected the exhausted surplus soldiers and accepted the ignorant young master to the north. So he said, "Do your best until you die." Only forget your body and stick to your ambition, and success or failure is no longer on your mind.

If Liu Bei can trust Zhuge Liang as much as Guan Yu, listen to Zhao Yun, stop the crusade, take advantage of Cao Pi's usurpation of the throne and unite with Wu when people's hearts are not solid, then the military strength is still complete and the morale is still sharp. Even if it fails, the hero's blood will at least be spilled in Xuchang and Luoyang. How can it flow in the kiosk? Zhuge Liang said, "Chinese thieves are at odds." What a pity! And Liu Bei, I'm afraid I didn't feel so sad for the survival of Zongshe!

Chen Shou (minister of the Western Jin Dynasty, historian) said:

Liu Bei, the late master, was generous, knowledgeable and responsible, and treated scholars with the demeanor of Emperor Gaozu and the weapon of a hero. The whole country is lonely on Zhuge Liang, but its mind is innocent, it is sincere to the public, and the ancient and modern track is also prosperous. Its engine power is not as good as that of Cao Cao, so the base space is also narrow. But he persevered and never lived under Cao Cao. He also guessed that Cao Cao was magnanimous and would not tolerate himself, so he not only competed for profit, but also avoided harm.

Huashan said:

Wang Fuzhi and Chen Shou have different views on Liu Bei. I agree with Wang Fuzhi's evaluation. But Chen Shou thinks too well of Liu Bei, and Wang Fuzhi beautifies Zhuge Liang. Whether Zhuge Liang wants to help the Han Dynasty or to help Liu Bei realize the "martial arts revival" and establish the "third Han Dynasty", I think it is of course the latter.

If Liu Bei could keep Zhuge Liang in Jingzhou, he would not have made Guan Yu's mistake. In the Wu-Shu alliance, Cao Pi may not dare to proclaim himself emperor, and history will be rewritten. Therefore, it is the decision of one or two people that changes history, and there is no "historical inevitability".

After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang did, as Wang Fuzhi said, selflessly pursue his ambition and persist in the Northern Expedition, regardless of the result. From this point of view, it is also Zhuge Liang's mistake to do what you know you can't do. Why? A person and a thing must not "never leave", but should give up when it is time to give up. "Never give up" is not about the next generation. Zhuge Liang wants to "practice the law", train the next generation with all his strength, train new leaders and hand over the problems to the next generation to solve.

Therefore, Zhuge Liang's "death before death" is just Yuan's "horse-wrapped corpse", asking someone to be martyred, without any consideration for future generations. Leaders have great responsibilities, not only contemporary, but also future generations, and cannot be willful.