genre: seven-character poem
<; Southern Song Dynasty > Wen Tianxiang
suffered a hard time, but
went to war with few stars.
the mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating,
the life experience is floating and the rain is beating.
fear is said on the beach, and
there is a sigh in the ocean.
who hasn't died since ancient times?
keep Dan Xin to shine on the history.
[ Edit this paragraph] Translation
Translation 1:
With my own hard work, I mastered a kind of classics, finally achieved fame, and started a turbulent and difficult political career;
It's been four years since I led the rebel army against the Yuan soldiers.
the great rivers and mountains of the motherland are fragmented under the enemy's aggression, just like a strong wind blowing catkins away;
My own life experience is also turbulent, just like duckweed's ups and downs under the heavy rain.
It's still frightening to think of the scene that the former army defeated Jiangxi and evacuated from the beach of fear, the dangerous torrent and the grim situation.
Thinking that Wuling Slope was completely annihilated last year and was caught in the enemy, I can only lament my loneliness in the vast ocean.
people have been alive since ancient times, and who has not died? Die for your country, die a fair death, and leave this sincere heart to shine in history!
Translation 2:
Looking back at my early years, I went through a lot of hardships when I entered the imperial examination.
Now the war has been over for four weeks.
A country in danger is like catkins in a strong wind,
How can an individual be described as duckweed in a shower?
The fiasco at Fear Beach still scares me.
It's a pity that I'm alone in the ocean below zero.
Who can live forever since ancient times?
I want to leave a patriotic heart to reflect the history.
Translation 3:
The reason why I suffered was that I got an official position because I was proficient in Confucian classics.
I spent four spring and autumn in the desolate battlefield.
Mountains and rivers are broken like catkins scattered by the wind.
Life is turbulent like duckweed beaten by rain.
Tell your fears on the beach of fear,
lament your loneliness on the ocean of odds and ends.
Since ancient times, no one can ever die.
After death, I will leave this red heart dedicated to serving the country and let it go down in history forever.
[ Edit this paragraph] Brief introduction of the poet
Wen Tianxiang (1236-1283), male, patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, Han nationality, born in Jishui, Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi), formerly known as Yunsun, whose word is good, also known as Song Rui. After being unfortunately captured, he was righteously killed in prison. His poems in his later years reflect his steadfast national integrity and tenacious fighting spirit. The style is impassioned, desolate and tragic, with strong appeal. There are books such as Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan and Wenshan Yuefu.
[ Edit this paragraph] Poetic background
In May 1278, Zhao Min, a 1-year-old Song Duanzong, died of drowning due to his pampering and physical weakness since childhood. Lu Xiufu and others took Zhao Min, a 7-year-old brother of Duanzong, as emperor, and the title was auspicious. The court moved to Jianshan, adding a seal to Wen Tianxiang Xinguo Gong. In winter, Wen Tianxiang led his troops to Chaoyang County, Chaozhou, and wanted to recruit soldiers by relying on the risks of mountains and seas, looking for a new opportunity. However, the Yuan army made a fierce advance on land and water and launched a fierce attack.
At the end of the year, Wen Tianxiang was suddenly attacked by the Yuan Army in Wupoling, Haifeng North, and was defeated and captured. He immediately committed suicide by taking borneol, but failed. Zhang Hongfan, who had surrendered to Yuan, was sternly rejected.
In the first month of 1279, the Yuan army left the Pearl River Estuary and attacked the last stronghold of the Southern Song Dynasty (in the South China Sea in Xinhui, Guangdong), and Wen Tianxiang was escorted with him. The boat crossed the Zero Ding Ocean (Zero Ding Ocean is located in the Pearl River Estuary in the south of Zhongshan, Guangdong, and there is a Zero Ding Mountain near the sea. The sea below the mountain is called Zero Ding Ocean). Marshal Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Army forced Wen Tianxiang to surrender Zhang Shijie, the commander-in-chief of Song Jun, who stuck to the Shan Mountain, and Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem to express his will to death, which he solemnly refused. According to Wen Tianxiang's self-note in "Notes to the South",
"Last week, Marshal Zhang ordered Li Yuanshuai to cross the boat, so please write a letter to ask Zhang Shaobao to pay homage. So he said to him,' I can't save my parents, but teach people to carry their parents, okay?' This poem is left behind. Li can't be strong, holding a poem to get the point, but calling it' a good man and a good poem' can't be forced.
Twenty days after writing this poem, the naval battle at Yashan ended in a fiasco in the Song Dynasty, and Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with Zhao Min on his back and died. The last emperor of the Song Dynasty died and the Song Dynasty perished.
[ Edit this paragraph] Poetry Notes
Selected from the Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan
The first sentence wrote his own experience. "Hard" sentence: Tracing back to his early life experience and all kinds of hard work since he became an official.
encounter, encounter the imperial court selection; Once upon a time, it refers to an official who has passed the imperial examination because he is proficient in a certain classic. In Song Dynasty, the imperial examination system was used to test the meaning of classics, and one of the five classics (Yi, Shi, Shu, Li, Spring and Autumn) was optional. Wen Tianxiang was the first scholar in Baoyou, Song Lizong for four years (1256), and then the official was the prime minister. Sparse: Sparse means cold and cheerless, sparse. Here, the war between Song and Yuan Dynasties is drawing to a close. The Southern Song Dynasty died this year (1279), and at this time it was unable to resist. Surrounding stars: Zhou Xing is the year-old star, and the year-old star circulates in the sky for twelve years, so Zhou Xing refers to twelve years. Surrounded by stars, that is, 48 years, Wen Tianxiang was 44 years old when he wrote this poem, and the surrounding stars here are integers. In the old annotations, "the stars around" were mostly taken as the four years since Wen Tianxiang's request to the diligent king in 1275. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, which is a review of the poet's life experience.
the sentence "mountains and rivers" means that the national situation and personal destiny are irretrievable. Yu Daping wrote that personal strength is insignificant for the country, which shows that the author hopes that more sober people with lofty ideals, Qi Xin, can save this situation.
panic beach: in wanan county, Jiangxi province, the current is fast, which is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang River and the most dangerous one. In the second year of Zong Jingyan, Song Rui (1277), Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Jiangxi and retreated to Fujian through the beach of fear.
"Zero Ding" sentence: I lament the current situation and my own courage and isolation.
After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in the warship of Ling Dingyang. History: History. Before paper was invented, bamboo slips were used to keep notes. When making bamboo slips with seven-character poems, the bamboo sweat (moisture) must be baked with fire, so it is called history.
The poet looks back on his life, but due to the limitation of space, in writing, Yuan Shizu cites two things, namely, entering an official position and losing a war, to sum up the rest. The four sentences in the middle are closely related to "fighting and falling", which clearly expresses the author's understanding of the current situation: the country is in turmoil, the tragedy of national subjugation is inevitable, and personal fate is even more difficult to talk about. However, in the face of this great change, what the poet thought of was not his personal way out and future, but his deep regret that he failed to win militarily and turn the situation around two years ago. At the same time, I feel particularly sad for my isolation.
from the conception of the whole poem, the first six sentences render the atmosphere of grief and danger to the extreme, while the next two sentences turn from grief and anger to excitement and from depression to high-pitched. "Who has not died in life since ancient times? Take the heart of Dan and shine. " Throughout the ages, people will inevitably die, die to save the motherland, and die for righteousness, and a heart of Dan will hang down in history and shine through the ages. These two passionate and generous poems show the poet's determination to sacrifice his life for righteousness and fully reflect his national integrity. The whole poem has also become a masterpiece because of the ending of these two sentences, and it has been a strong song through the ages.
Note
① Lingdingyang: In the Pearl River estuary south of Zhongshan, Guangdong. Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan Army in December (1278), the first year of Emperor Zhao Min's Xiangxing at the end of the Song Dynasty, and was imprisoned in a warship in Lingdingyang. In the first month of the following year, Marshal Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Army attacked the cliff mountain, forcing Wen Tianxiang to surrender Song Jun commander Zhang Shijie who adhered to the cliff mountain. So, Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem. ② "Hard" sentence: Tracing back to his early life experience and all kinds of hard work since he became an official. Encounter, encounter the court selection; Once upon a time, it refers to an official who has passed the imperial examination because he is proficient in a certain classic. Wen Tianxiang spent four years in Baoyou, Song Lizong (1256), taking the first place as a scholar. 3 fighting and sparse: sparse means deserted and sparse. Here, the war between Song and Yuan Dynasties is drawing to a close. The Southern Song Dynasty died this year (1279), and at this time it was unable to resist. Surrounding stars: Zhou Xing is the year-old star, and the year-old star circulates in the sky for twelve years, so Zhou Xing refers to twelve years. Surrounded by stars, that is, 48 years, Wen Tianxiang was 44 years old when he wrote this poem, and the surrounding stars here are integers. In the old annotations, "the stars around" were mostly taken as the four years since Wen Tianxiang's request to the diligent king in 1275. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, which is a review of the poet's life experience. (4) The sentence of "mountains and rivers" means that the national situation and personal destiny are irretrievable. ⑤ Fear Beach: In today's wanan county, Jiangxi, the current is fast, and it is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang. In the second year of Zong Jingyan, Song Rui (1277), Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Jiangxi and retreated to Fujian through the beach of fear. ⑥ "Zero Ding" sentence: lament the current situation and your own courage and isolation. After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in the warship of Lingdingyang. ⑦ History: History. Before paper was invented, bamboo slips were used to keep notes. When making bamboo slips, bamboo sweat (moisture) must be removed by fire, so it is called history.
[ Edit this paragraph] A famous sentence in the word
Since ancient times, no one has died in life, so take the heart to shine on the history.
[ Edit this paragraph] Comprehensive Poem
This kind of integrity based on death is also clearly reflected in Wen Tianxiang's poem "Crossing Lingdingyang". The poem that embodies this integrity is that no one has died in life since ancient times, leaving a heart to shine on history.
The "natural and wonderful pair" in the poem "Crossing the Zero Ding Yang" is that the beach is full of fear, and the ocean is full of sighs.
The sentence that expresses the poet's national integrity and his view of life and death at the expense of righteousness in the poem "Crossing Ling Ding Yang" is that no one has died in life since ancient times, so we should keep our hearts open and shine on our history.
Metaphors are used in the poem Crossing Zero and Dingyang to show how difficult the country is. The personal ups and downs of the poem are: the mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and the life experience is ups and downs.
Note:
① Lingdingyang: It is in the Pearl River Estuary south of Zhongshan, Guangdong. Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan Army in December (1278), the first year of Emperor Zhao Min's Xiangxing at the end of the Song Dynasty, and was imprisoned in a warship in Lingdingyang. In the first month of the following year, Marshal Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Army attacked the cliff mountain, forcing Wen Tianxiang to surrender Song Jun commander Zhang Shijie who adhered to the cliff mountain. So, Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem.
② "hardship" sentence: tracing back to my early life experience and all kinds of hardships since I became an official. Encounter, encounter the court selection; Once upon a time, it refers to an official who has passed the imperial examination because he is proficient in a certain classic. Wen Tianxiang spent four years in Baoyou, Song Lizong (1256), taking the first place as a scholar.
③ Sparse: Sparse means deserted and sparse. Here, the war between Song and Yuan Dynasties is drawing to a close. The Southern Song Dynasty died this year (1279), and at this time it was unable to resist. Surrounding stars: Zhou Xing is the year-old star, and the year-old star circulates in the sky for twelve years, so Zhou Xing refers to twelve years. Surrounded by stars, that is, 48 years, Wen Tianxiang was 44 years old when he wrote this poem, and the surrounding stars here are integers. In the old annotations, "the stars around" were mostly taken as the four years since Wen Tianxiang's request to the diligent king in 1275. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, which is a review of the poet's life experience.
④ "mountains and rivers" sentence: It means that the national situation and personal destiny are irretrievable.
⑤ trepidation beach: In today's wanan county, Jiangxi, the current is fast, and it is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang. In the second year of Zong Jingyan, Song Rui (1277), Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Jiangxi and retreated to Fujian through the beach of fear.
⑥ "Zero Ding" sentence: lamenting the current situation and my own courage and isolation. After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in the warship of Lingdingyang.
⑦ history: history. Before paper was invented, bamboo slips were used to keep notes. When making bamboo slips, bamboo sweat (moisture) must be removed by fire, so it is called history.
Appreciation 1:
This poem was written by Wen Tianxiang after he was captured. One or two sentences the poet reviews his life, but limited by space, in writing, he cites two things: entering an official position and losing a battle. The four sentences in the middle are closely related to "fighting and falling", which clearly expresses the author's understanding of the current situation: the country is in turmoil, the tragedy of national subjugation is inevitable, and personal fate is even more difficult to talk about. However, in the face of this great change, the poet thought not of his personal way out and future, but deeply regretted that he failed to win militarily in air navigation two years ago, thus turning the situation around. At the same time, I feel particularly sad for my isolation. From between the lines, it is not difficult to feel the great pain of the author's country's ruin, the desolate mood intertwined with self-blame and self-sigh. The last two sentences are a poet's choice of his own destiny without hesitation. This makes the previous feelings and grudges add a tragic and passionate strength and confidence, showing a unique lofty beauty. This is not only the embodiment of the poet's personality charm, but also the unique spiritual beauty of the Chinese nation, which is far beyond the scope of language and writing.
Appreciation 2:
This is a poem that will last forever. At the beginning of the poem, look back on your life. It is intended to imply that you are tempered and fearless no matter what difficulties and hardships. Then I recounted my combat career: I spent four years in a desolate and cold war environment. Linking personal destiny with the rise and fall of the country.
three or four sentences continue to express the development of the situation and deep anxiety and anger from the two aspects of the country and the individual. This couplet is neat and the metaphor is appropriate, which truly reflects the social reality and the poet's experience at that time. The national and ethnic disasters, personal bumpy experiences, all kinds of pain tormented the poet's feelings, making his words doubly sad.
The five or six lamentations are deeper, and the typical events in the encounter once again show the poet's painful heart trembling because of the country's collapse and his distress. The last two sentences converge the whole article with great momentum, and write a heroic oath that would rather die than surrender, which means that since ancient times, has there been immortality in life? As long as we can keep this patriotic loyalty shining in the history books.
This famous saying, which has been told through the ages, is a hymn of an ideal life written by the poet with his own blood and life. The style of the whole poem is gloomy and tragic, and it is a great patriotic poem that moves the world and makes the gods cry.
Appreciation 3:
"When hard work comes, there are few stars around. In the face of do or die, the author recalled his life and was deeply touched. He seized two major events, one was to become an official with Ming Jing, and the other was to be a diligent king. With these two pens, I wrote the historical background and personal mood at that time very well. "Fighting is rare" is about the overall situation of the country. According to "History of Song Dynasty", the imperial court recruited soldiers from all over the world, but few people sacrificed their lives for their country as Wen Tianxiang did. The author's use of the word "fighting is sparse" implies anger against those who drag out an ignoble existence and condemnation of the capitulators!
If the first couplet is traced from the vertical aspect, then the jaw couplet is rendered from the horizontal aspect. "The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and the life experience is ups and downs, and the rain hits the ping." The author uses the bleak natural scene to describe the decline of state affairs, which deeply shows his mourning. The lonely minister of subjugation is like a rootless duckweed drifting on the water, with no attachment, which is bad enough. And the author writes the word "rain" on "Ping", which is even more miserable. This "ups and downs of life experience" summarizes the author's arduous struggle and bumpy life. This couplet is neat in antithesis, with appropriate metaphor, vivid image and strong feelings, which makes people feel sad when reading it!
five or six sentences carry on the previous meaning, further rendering and germinating. In the second year of Jingyan (1277), Wen Tian