1. Stories and poems about Tao Yuanming
Tao Yuanming (365~427) was a poet, poet, and essayist in the Jin and Song Dynasties.
A Qian, with a bright character and a private nickname of Jingjie. A native of Chaisang, Xunyang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi).
Tao Yuanming was born into a declining official family. Great-grandfather Tao Kan was the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He held the rank of Grand Sima, military commander of eight states, governor of two states in Jingjiang, and was granted the title of Duke of Changsha.
Tao Yuanming's grandfather was a prefect, his father died early, and his mother was the daughter of Meng Jia, a famous scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming's life can be roughly divided into three periods.
The first period was before Tao Yuanming was 28 years old in the 17th year of Taiyuan (392), the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty. Due to the early death of his father, he has been living in poverty since his youth.
The second period, the academic period, lasted from the 18th year of Taiyuan when he was 29 years old to the 41st year of Jin'an Emperor Yixi's first year (405). The third period, the return to field period, lasted from the second year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an (406) to the fourth year of Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty (427) when Emperor Wen of Yuanjia died of illness.
The more than 20 years after returning to the field was his most creative period. There are currently 125 poems by Tao Yuanming in existence, including 9 four-character poems and 116 five-character poems.
His four-character poems are not very good. His five-character poems can be roughly divided into two categories; one is the chanting poetry that inherits the tradition of lyrical expression since the Han and Wei dynasties and develops it, and the other is the pastoral poetry with few precedents.
Tao Shi's artistic achievements have been highly praised since the Tang Dynasty, and are even regarded as "the fundamental criterion for poetry". More than 100 years after Tao Yuanming's death, Xiao Tong collected his posthumous writings, cataloged them separately, compiled 8 volumes of "Tao Yuanming Collection", and personally wrote the preface and biography.
Later, Yang Xiuzhi of the Northern Qi Dynasty added separate editions of "Five Filial Biography" and "Four Eight Eyes" on the basis of Xiao's edition, and the preface was the 10-volume "Collection of Tao Qian". The Yang version in the late Sui Dynasty lost its preface and became a 9-volume edition.
Since then, separate volumes have been published one after another, trying to compile 10 volumes. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Xiang republished the 10-volume "Collection of Tao Qian", which was the earliest published version of Tao's poems. None of the above books have been handed down.
The earliest versions available today are several from the Southern Song Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty. The main ones include: two volumes of poems and essays collected by Zeng, published in the third year of Shaoxi's reign in the Southern Song Dynasty, with a shadowed version of the Guangxu Qing Dynasty; a 10-volume collection of Jiguge, published in the Southern Song Dynasty, with a printed version of the Qing Dynasty; an 8-volume collection of Jiao □, published in the Southern Song Dynasty, with Jiao's Ming translation, the 5 volumes of "Tao Ji" in today's "Seventy-two Collections of Han and Wei Dynasties" are also the Song version of Jiao's translation.
In addition, there are also the "Poems of Mr. Dongpo and Tao Yuanming" published in the Song Dynasty and the large-character version written by Su in the Yuan Dynasty. The first person to annotate Tao's poems was Tang Han of the Southern Song Dynasty.
After the Yuan Dynasty, the number of annotations and commentaries increased day by day. In the early Yuan Dynasty, there are 10 volumes of Li Gonghuan's "Annotations on Tao Yuanming Collection": it is common to have photocopies of four series.
Tao Shu in the Qing Dynasty annotated "The Collection of Mr. Jingjie" in 10 volumes, including a family journal version and a typesetting version by the Literary and Ancient Books Publishing House. The "Tao Jingjie Poetry Notes" written by Gu Zhi in recent times is available in the "Yulou Series" version and the "Debingtang Five Types" version, the latter is called the "Tao Jingjie Poetry Notes Final Version".
1-50 poems: Mingzi (10 poems) Two poems from the capital in the middle of the fifth month of the Gengzi year, but still blocking the wind in Guilin, and four poems written in the mouth when Xin Chou went on leave in the seventh month of the year and returned to Jiangling for a night walk Two poems written by Master Guo at the beginning of spring in Guimao and two poems nostalgic about ancient farmhouses to encourage farmers (six poems). Composed by Cao Huxi in the middle of the twelfth month of the year Cao Guimao and prefaced by his younger brother Jingyuan Tingyun (four poems). Fortune and fortune (four poems). Rongmu and wood (four poems). Beginning to compose the sutra of joining the army. Azuo. Drinking alone in the rain. In the third month of the year of Yisi. In the third month of the year, he joined the army in Jianwei. The capital passed through Qianxi and returned to the garden and fields. Five poems of returning to the birds ( Four poems) 51-100: Responsible for the fire in the middle of June in the year of Wushen and Liu Chaisang's reward Liu Chaisang received early rice in Xitian in the middle of September in the year of Xu. Two poems to say farewell to Yin and Jin Dynasty and preface to the shape, shadow and god. Three poems to stop drinking. In the middle of the eighth month of the year Bingchen was born, I received the message from Xia [浵彽] farmhouse. Xie Jingyi Sanlang, the ancestor of Zhou Xu, presented a sheep to Chang Shi and prefaced it for drinking. Twenty poems and prefaces returned to the old residence. I was saddened by my brother Zhongde and presented it to the Duke of Changsha (four poems). Poems 101-154 for Paying Ding Chai Sang: A visit to the Zhou family at dusk, a poem of resentment under the cypress, a poem of resentment under the cypress, Chu Tiao showed Master Pang, Deng Zhizhong, and Zhang Changshi lived idle for nine days at the end of the year, and chanted about the poor man. Drinking at Wang Fu's military seat to see off guests, reading thirteen poems from "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" on the day of Lari, answering Pang Canjun, answering Pang Canjun, and prefaced it (six poems); two poems, two poems, three good poems, and a poem about Jing Ke, composed and prefaced by three begging elegy poems - -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------- One of the destiny children: My ancestor Youyou, has been in love since Tao Tang. Miao Yan and Yu Bin have been honored throughout the ages.
Yulong Qinxia, ??Bowei Yishang. Mu Mu Situ, the Jue clan is prosperous.
Second: The Warring States Period came one after another, and the Zhou Dynasty declined. The phoenix is ??hidden in the forest, and the secluded person is in the hill.
The clouds are flying around, and the whales are rushing into the current. There are Han people in Tianji, and they are attached to Minhou.
The third one: Release He Minhou, and your luck will be like climbing the dragon. The sword is stroked vigorously, showing off one's martial arts skills.
The rivers and mountains were sworn in writing, and the soil and seal were opened. Prime Minister Qi Qi, Yun Di's whereabouts.
Fourth: Hunhun has a long source, and is awe-inspiring and Hongke. The rivers and rivers carry guidance, and the many channels carry guidance.
Sometimes the words are silent, and the fortune is prosperous. In my country, Jin is in harmony with Changsha.
The fifth one: Huanhuan Changsha, Yixun Yide. The emperor has conquered me and conquered the southern country.
After his success, he resigned and returned, but he was favored by others. What is called this heart is that it is close and can be obtained.
The sixth one: I respect my ancestors and be as cautious as I was at the beginning. Zhifang Ertai, Huihe Qianli.
In Huangren's examination, he was indifferent and stopped. It traces the wind and clouds, and Mingzi is happy.
The seventh one: I am so humble and out of reach. Gu is ashamed of her beautiful temples, and her shadow is just standing.
Three thousand sins, nothing to worry about. I read it sincerely, and I cried when I heard it.
Eighth: The fortune predicts a good day, which indicates a good time. The name is Ruyue Yan, and the courtesy name is Ruqiu Si.
I think of you warmly and respectfully day and night. I still think about Kong Ji, but I just want to do it! Nine: Li Ye gave birth to a son, so he asked for fire.
Everyone with a good heart is interested in me! Now that I have seen it alive, I really want to see it. People also have words, and the feelings are true.
The tenth: The sun lives in the moon, and children are gradually avoided. Blessings come easily, and misfortunes come easily.
Working hard and sleeping hard, I am willing to be talented. If you are not talented, that’s all! -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------- In the middle of the fifth month of the Gengzi year, Congdu still blocked the wind in Guilin. One of the two poems: Xing Walking along the way back, counting the days and looking at the old home.
I am glad to see my warm face, and I am glad to see my friends again. The drum beats the rugged music on the road, indicating that the scenery is limited to the west.
Isn’t the country dangerous? It’s time to think about it before you return home. 2. Who has Tao Yuanming’s stories, famous verses and verses?
Enjoy the wonderful articles and analyze the doubts. (Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming, Migration)
Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can leisurely see Nanshan Mountain. (Eastern Jin Dynasty·Tao Yuanming·Drinking)
The mountain air is getting better day and night, and the birds are flying back and forth. (Eastern Jin Dynasty·Tao Yuanming·Drinking)
The tame bird is nostalgic for the old forest, and the pond fish is thinking about the old abyss. (Eastern Jin Dynasty·Tao Yuanming·Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields is One)
After being in a cage for a long time, you can return to nature. (Eastern Jin Dynasty·Tao Yuanming·Returning to the garden and living in the fields is one of them)
In the morning, he went to clean up the wasteland and filth, and returned home with a moon load and a hoe. (Eastern Jin Dynasty·Tao Yuanming·Gui Yuan Tian Ju Qi San)
Xingtian dances with relatives, and the strong will is always there. (Eastern Jin Dynasty·Tao Yuanming·Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas)
The prime of life will not come again, and it will be difficult to wake up again in one day. (Eastern Jin Dynasty·Tao Yuanming·Miscellaneous Poems)
Don’t be concerned about poverty and lowliness, and don’t be obsessed with wealth. (Biography of Mr. Wu Liu by Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty)
The wood is flourishing and the spring is trickling. (Eastern Jin Dynasty·Tao Yuanming·Return and Return)
Tao Yuanming only knew true hiding, and bitter hiding was really the worst choice in the path of "hiding".
Hermits are respected and praised figures in Chinese culture. They are representatives of a conservative culture. They are not afraid of poverty or staying away from the world. This is because they pursue a dignified life, a life that "does not compromise for five buckets of rice" and a free life that removes the shackles that imprison the soul.
Freedom, what a beautiful and attractive word! People are born to love freedom. However, freedom is conditional, freedom is relative, and freedom has to pay a price. When people have this kind of freedom, they have to lose that kind of freedom. Even gods cannot achieve absolute freedom, because freedom is always restricted by unfreedom.
Tao Yuanming, who pursues absolute spiritual freedom, can only be a son of freedom dancing in shackles. His fate is destined to be trapped in various material unfreedoms throughout his life. 3. Essay quotations about Tao Yuanming’s deeds and poems
See Tao Yuanming again (time-travel contrast method - my original creation)
"One"
Me I saw Tao Yuanming
Walking in the peach blossom forest with fallen flowers
Asking what time it is now
I don’t know that there was Han, regardless of Wei and Jin
At the entrance to the Peach Blossom Spring
My girlfriend who was traveling with me urged me to move forward
Just like she urged me under the Statue of Liberty
I said, the one on the shore The old man is Tao Yuanming
"Two"
Tao Yuanming saw me
Walking in the colorful peach blossom forest
Asking what is today
I don’t know the Han Dynasty, regardless of the Wei and Jin Dynasties
At the entrance of the Peach Blossom Spring
My girlfriend who is traveling with me urges me to move forward
Just like She urged me on Kim Il Sung Square
I said that the old man on the boat was Tao Yuanming 4. Tao Yuanming’s poems
1. The greatness of Tao Yuanming Tao Yuanming is the greatest poet in the history of Chinese literature The pastoral poet is the originator of pastoral poetry in my country.
This is because of his thorough understanding of society, time and space, life, life and death; because of his erudition and rich life practice; especially because of his outstanding literary genius, in Bai Juyi’s words : "I always love Tao Pengze, his literary thoughts are so profound.
"His poems seem to be popular and clear, but they express high sentiments and deep philosophy.
For example, in "Five Poems about Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" written by Tao Yuanming, one of them The first is: Planting beans at the foot of the southern mountain, the grass is full of beans and the seedlings are sparse. I wake up in the morning to clean up the wasteland, and return home with a lotus hoe.
The road is narrow and the grass and trees are long, and it is not enough to stain my clothes with the evening dew.
This poem is written in a simple and clear way, like a children's song, but it expresses Tao Yuanming's noble sentiments. He would rather go out early and come home late to work on the hoeing, and not be afraid of the dew on his clothes, and stay in the countryside. Don't follow the corrupt officialdom. Because Tao Yuanming's poems have extremely high artistic value, people have been reading them for thousands of years and can't put them down.
Tao Yuanming's life is closely related to wine. It is almost 1600 years since Tao Yuanming left us. In that era when material life was very poor, people lived a life of plowing at sunrise and resting at sunset, especially Tao Yuanming. He resigned from the officialdom of fighting for power and intrigue and lived in seclusion in a remote mountainous village. Only wine could relieve his worries, relieve his sorrow, excite him and make him comfortable.
Xiao. Drink a small amount to feel comfortable, drink a large amount to feel comfortable, and if you drink too much, he will say: "I want to sleep, please go away." Wine is a magical drink that not only has material properties and can quench hunger and thirst; it also has spiritual properties. Its properties can act on the human central nervous system, regulate people's high-level neural activities, and affect people's spirit and emotions.
In Tao Yuanming's time, there were no psychostimulants such as tobacco and coffee. People can only regulate their emotions with the help of wine. Many of Tao Yuanming's representative works, such as "Come Back and Come Back", "The Biography of Mr. Wu Liu", "Twenty Drinking Poems", etc., all show his appreciation for wine. Nostalgic, or composed after drinking.
The story of Tao Yuanming's love for wine is popular and has been passed down through the ages. Tao Yuanming's drinking poems are written with beautiful artistic conception and profound meaning. , Tao Yuanming's noble character, just like his immortal poems, shines because of wine. This article strives to use the most concise words to interpret Tao Yuanming's wine poems and words by describing the era in which Tao Yuanming lived. The background and Tao Yuanming's attachment to wine reflect Tao Yuanming's noble integrity in his life and his great achievements in literary creation. In the long river of history, there are so many shining stars. They have made different contributions to the development and prosperity of the Chinese nation. Therefore. In people's memories, they shine brightly or darkly.
As time goes by, as history advances, some stars dim, disappear, and are forgotten, and there are more. New stars appear in the long river of history. In the long river of history, some people were great and powerful when they were alive.
After their death, they were gradually forgotten by people as time passed. Some people are ordinary or slightly famous when they are alive. With the development of history, their fame becomes more and more famous, and their historical contributions become more and more great.
Tao Yuanming is such a person. Great, he is like a ruby, he is like a luminous pearl. When he was alive, he did not attract people's attention for a long time after his death. As history progresses, generations of people gradually get to know him, wipe away the dust that buried him, and make him shine brightly and forever in the long river of history.
In 427 AD, Tao Yuanming completed his 76-year life and passed away. He was buried in the Tao family cemetery at the foot of Nanshan Mountain, at the foot of Mianyang Mountain at the junction of Jiujiang County and Xingzi County in Jiangxi Province today.
Today, Tao Yuanming’s tomb is well preserved. The tombstone consists of three stones, one large, two small and one small. In the middle is the regular script "The Tomb of Mr. Jingjie Tao Gong of Jin Zheng Tu", with an epitaph on the left and "Going Back" on the right. "Lai Xi Ci" was established by the descendants of Tao in the first year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty. After Tao Yuanming's death, his close friend Yan Yanzhi wrote "Tao Zhengtu Edict" for him and gave him the posthumous title "Jingjie".
In his tribute, Yan Yanzhi praised Tao Yuanming's character and integrity throughout his life, but did not fully affirm his literary achievements. Tao Yuanming's status in the history of Chinese literature has not been recognized in the decades after his death. be fully affirmed and recognized. Xiao Tong, Prince Zhaoming of the Liang Dynasty, attached great importance to Tao Yuanming's poems and couldn't put them down.
Xiao Tong personally edited, wrote the preface and wrote the biography for Tao Yuanming. "The Collection of Tao Yuanming" is the first collection of literati in the history of Chinese literature, which is of great significance.
In his "Preface to the Collection of Tao Yuanming", Xiao Tong praised "his articles as being unparalleled, with brilliant diction, remarkable ups and downs, unique among others, upbeat and hearty, and nothing like it in Beijing". During the Southern Dynasties, although Tao Yuanming's literary status was not given due recognition, his poetry and prose works became more and more widely circulated and had an increasing influence.
In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, more and more poets liked Tao Yuanming's poems, and their evaluation of Tao Yuanming became higher and higher. Wang Ji in the early Tang Dynasty was a pastoral poet. Like Tao Yuanming, he retired to the countryside many times and entertained himself with gin and wine.
His poem "The Drunken Queen" says: Ruan Ji wakes up less often, and Tao Qian gets drunk more often. How can a hundred years be enough to take advantage of the joy and sing a long song?
Meng Haoran, a landscape and pastoral poet of the Tang Dynasty, admired Tao Yuanming very much. He wrote in "Returning to the South of Han Dynasty in Midsummer to Send an Old Tour to Jingyi": Tao Zhengjun is the best person to read "The Story of Gaotu". Indulging in pastoral interests, he calls himself a Xihuang person. Li Bai even admired Tao Yuanming's character and poetry.
In "A Play Presented to Zheng Liyang", he wrote: Tao Ling was drunk every day, and he didn't know the five willow springs. The plain qin has no strings, and a Ge towel is used to filter the wine.
Under the cool breeze of the north window, I call myself a Xihuang person. When I arrived in Lili, I met my dearest friend.
Li Bai's idea of ??"being able to bend his eyebrows to serve the powerful" and Tao Yuanming's spirit of "not bowing down for five buckets of rice" are of the same origin. After the An-Shi Rebellion, Du Fu lived a wandering life and took Tao Yuanming as a confidant. He wrote in "A Letter to the Father-in-law of Wei Yin in Henan Province": The heart should be relieved with wine, and the best thing to do is to condemn and excite poetry.
This means Tao Qianjie, I will be born after you. Bai Juyi, a poet of the Mid-Tang Dynasty, admired Tao Yuanming very much.
In 815 AD, Bai Juyi was demoted to Sima of Jiangzhou, which was very close to Tao Yuanming's hometown of Xunyang. I once visited Tao Yuanming's former residence and wrote the poem "Visiting Tao Gong's Old Residence".
The poem first uses "dirt will not stain jade, and the phoenix will not peck at fishy fish" to praise Tao Yuanming's noble personality, and finally writes: Chaisang Ancient Village. 5. Tao Yuanming’s story 5 short stories
1. Tao Yuanming was making wine.
The county will come to visit. When the wine was ripe, Tao Yuanming took off the Ge scarf from his head to soak the wine. After draining, he still covered his head with the Ge scarf, and then received him.
2. Stringless Qin Tao Yuanming had an undecorated Qin with no strings. Whenever he had a drinking party, he would play with it to express his interest. 3. Bai Yi Sending Wine When Wang Hong was the governor of Jiangzhou, on the Double Ninth Festival, Tao Yuanming had no wine to drink, so he picked a handful of chrysanthemums in Dongli and sat next to Dongli.
After a while, Tao Yuanming saw a man in white coming over. It turned out to be Wang Hong, the governor, bringing him wine. Yuanming immediately had a drink and returned home drunk.
4. Tao Yuanming had no shoes, so Wang Hong ordered someone to make shoes for him. His men asked him about the size of Tao Yuanming's feet, and Tao Yuanming sat down and stretched out his feet for them to measure.
5. I am drunk and want to sleep. No matter how high or low you are, as long as someone visits Tao Yuanming, as long as he has wine, he will drink with the guest. If Tao Yuanming got drunk before his guests, he would say to them: "I'm drunk and want to sleep. You can leave."
This is where Yuanming's frankness lies.
Extended information: Tao Yuanming was a great thinker in the Middle Ages.
His literary thoughts are an important part of the literary thoughts of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. His understanding of truth not only pays attention to the truth of history and life, but also pays more attention to the truth of thoughts, emotions and ambitions, which is the most perfect artistic truth.
At the same time, his understanding of nature also reflects the uniqueness of his literary thoughts. He does not teach or carve, but pays attention to the free expression of emotions and the naturalness of poetry. This is a very high state.
However, whether we advocate truth in art or praise nature in literature, they are both for the purpose of expressing life in a carefree and detached way. This is the soul of Tao Yuanming's literary thought.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Tao Yuanming (Eastern Jin Dynasty poet). 6. Tao Yuanming’s stories, materials, poems and works
Tao Yuanming’s life
Tao Yuanming (365?~427), also known as Qian, courtesy name Yuanliang, nicknamed Mr. Wuliu, Xun. A native of Yangchaisang (near today's Jiujiang, Jiangxi).
Tao Yuanming lived in a very complex political environment during the Jin and Song dynasties. His great-grandfather Tao Kan once served as the Grand Sima of the Jin Dynasty; his grandfather served as a prefect, and his father probably had a lower official position and died when Tao Yuanming was young. In a society that values ??family status, the status of the Tao family cannot be compared with that of noble families such as Wang and Xie, but it is different from the humble families. Tao Kan came from a humble background and was ridiculed as a "little man" and regarded as someone with ambitions to usurp the throne. As you can imagine, his descendants were in a rather awkward political situation.
Tao Yuanming spent his youth in the rural village of Chaisang. "He was young and had no sense of customs, and his nature was to love hills and mountains" (Part 1 of "Returning to the Garden and Fields"). Sutra" ("Drinking" Chapter 16) is a portrayal of life at that time. He often said that he had to work as an official to make a living because his family was poor. This is certainly true, but it does not rule out the motivation of ordinary scholars to make contributions. This news is revealed in "The ambition is fierce and the world is far away, and the Qianhe is thinking far away" (Part 5 of "Miscellaneous Poems"). At the age of 29, Tao Yuanming served as Jiangzhou Jijiujiu, but resigned soon after. Later, Jiangzhou was summoned as chief administrator, but he did not take office.
In the second year of Emperor Long'an of Jin'an (398), Tao Yuanming went to Jiangling and became the governor of Jingzhou and the governor of Jiangzhou, Huan Xuanmu. At that time, Huanxuan controlled the military and political power in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and he was ambitious in trying to usurp the Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming once again had the idea of ????returning to seclusion. In "Xin Chou went on leave in July of the year of Xin Chou and returned to Jiangling for a night trip to Tukou" written in the fifth year of Long'an (401), he said: "The poems and books are simple and good, but the forest and garden have no worldly feelings. How to give up? From now on, we will go as far as West Jing!" In the winter of this year, my mother, Meng, died, so I went back to Xunyang to live in mourning. After that, the political situation changed drastically. In the first year of Emperor An's Yuanxing (402), Huan Xuan sent his troops eastward to attack the capital in the name of petitioning Sima Yuanxian. In the second year of Yuanxing (403), Huan Xuan usurped the throne and changed the country's name to Chu. In the third year of Yuanxing (404), Liu Yu launched an army to attack Huanxuan, entered Jiankang, and served as general of the town army. He took control of the power of the country and brought a glimmer of hope to the Jin Dynasty. So Tao Yuanming served as the general of the Zhenjun Liu Yu, and on his way to the post, he wrote "The Beginning of the Zhenjun Jingqu Qu Azuo".
He has a conflicting mood. On the one hand, he feels that the time has come and hopes to make a difference: "When the time comes, we will meet in peace and quiet on the thoroughfare." On the other hand, he is nostalgic for the pastoral life: "Let's talk and change, and eventually return to work." "Sheng Lu." At this time, Liu Yu was concentrating his efforts on attacking Huan Xuan and the remaining forces, and Tao Yuanming might not be able to do anything in Liu Yu's defense. In the second year, the first year of Yixi of Emperor An (405), he was appointed as General Jianwei and joined the army as Jiangzhou Governor Liu Jingxuan. In August of this year, he requested to be appointed as the magistrate of Pengze County. He stayed in office for more than eighty days and resigned in November. The direct reason for resigning the county magistrate this time is recorded in the biography of "Song Book": "The county sent the governor to the post, and the county official said: 'You should tie up your belt and see him.'" Qian sighed and said: "I can't bow down to the countryside for five measures of rice." Villain! 'I will leave my post immediately." And the "Come Back and Come Back" he wrote when he resigned gave a more profound reason: "Come back and come back, please stay with me for a long time, and stay with me in this world. If you don't agree with me, why don't you ask for it?" Tao Yuanming fully realized that the secular world was contrary to his nature of advocating nature, and he could not change his nature to adapt to the secular world. In addition, he was disappointed with the political situation, so he resolutely resigned and lived in seclusion.
The resignation of Peng Zeling was the dividing line between the two periods of Tao Yuanming's life. Previously, he had been constantly choosing between the two social roles of a bureaucrat and a hermit. When he was in seclusion, he wanted to be a official, and when he was an official, he wanted to be a hermit. He felt very conflicted. Since then, he has strengthened his determination to live in seclusion and has been living a life of seclusion and hard work, but his mood is still not calm: "The sun and the moon throw people away, and ambitions cannot be achieved. Thinking of this is sad and sad, and I can't be still at dawn." ("Miscellaneous Poems") 》Part 2) In his poems, he repeatedly described the joy of seclusion and expressed his determination to live in seclusion, such as "If you enjoy this drink, I can't go back" ("Drinking" 9);
" You have gained what you have gained, and it will not be violated for thousands of years." ("Drinking" Part 4). Although this is his true feeling, it can also be seen as a way for him to strengthen his determination. In the later period, he was not without the opportunity to serve again, but he refused. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, he was recruited as Zuo Lang, but he failed. When Liu Yu usurped the Jin Dynasty and established the Song Dynasty, he was even more tired of politics. He implicitly expressed his thoughts on this matter in his poem "Shu Jiu". In his later years, he suffered from poverty and illness.
"The governor of Jiangzhou, Tan Daoji, went to wait for him, and he lay down barren and exhausted for a while. Daoji said: 'A wise man lives in the world. If there is no way in the world, he will hide, but if there is way, he will hide. In this civilized world, why should I suffer like this? "Qian said to him, "How dare you look for talents?" Daoji gave him some meat and went away." (Xiao Tong's "Biography of Tao Yuanming") Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, Yuan Jia, wrote a "Self-Sacrifice Essay" four years before his death. The article concluded: "Life is really difficult, how can death be like that? How sad!"
This became his final work. After his death, his friends gave him the posthumous title "Mr. Jingjie". His good friend Yan Yanzhi wrote an edict for him, which is an important material for the study of Tao Yuanming. "Song Book", "Jin Book" and "Southern History" all have his biography.
Reference materials: 7. Stories about Tao Yuanming collected from the Internet
After Tao Yuanming resigned from Peng Zeling and retired to the countryside, he lived a peaceful life of self-cultivation, drinking and composing poems. According to legend, One day, a young man came to him for advice and said, "Mr. Tao, I admire your profound knowledge very much. I would like to know the secret method of studying when you were a boy. Please teach me. I will be very grateful to the younger generation." After hearing this, Tao Yuanming was greatly moved. Tao Yuanming said with a smile: "Is there any magic method to learn in the world? There is only a stupid method, which all depends on hard work. If you study hard, you will advance, if you drop out, you will fall back!" Tao Yuanming saw that the young man did not understand what he meant, so he took his hand and went to the rice field where he was planting. Next to him, he pointed to a seedling and said, "Squat down here, take a closer look, and tell me if it is growing taller?" The young man watched for a long time, but still did not see the seedling growing, so he stood up and said to Tao Yuanming: "It's not growing!" Tao Yuanming asked back: "Is it true that it's not growing? So, how did the short seedlings become so tall?" Seeing that the young man lowered his head and said nothing, Tao Yuanming further guided him: "Actually, it grows all the time. It's just that we can't see it with our naked eyes. The same goes for reading and studying. Knowledge is accumulated bit by bit, and sometimes it's not even easy for you to notice it, but as long as you study hard, you will add up." Then, Tao Yuanming pointed to a whetstone by the stream and asked the boy: "Why does that whetstone have a concave surface like a saddle?" "It is ground like this." The boy replied casually. "Then what is it?" On what day did it become like this? The young man shook his head. Tao Yuanming said: "This is what we all have to do every day, over time, year after year, to become like this. The same is true for studying. If you don't insist on studying, you will be in debt every day." "The young man suddenly understood and hurriedly bowed to Tao Yuanming again and said: "Thank you sir for your advice. I will never ask for any magic tips again. Please leave a few words for me, sir. I will always keep it in my heart." Tao Yuanming happily wrote. , wrote: "Studying diligently is like a seedling that rises in the spring, but you don't see its growth, but it grows every day; dropping out of school is like a whetstone, you don't see its loss, you lose every day. Who can tell me that Tao Yuanming didn't bend his waist for five buckets of rice? The story of Mi Zhenyao? urgent! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Reward points: 5 | Solution time: 2008-9-11 20:57 | Asked by: yangyh02 | Report best answer Tao Yuanming was born in 365 AD and was the earliest pastoral poet in China.
Tao Yuanming lived in an era where dynasties were changing, society was in turmoil, and people's lives were very difficult. In the autumn of 405 AD, Tao Yuanming came to Pengze, not far from his hometown, to be the county magistrate in order to support his family.
This winter, his boss sent an official to inspect. This official was a vulgar and arrogant man. As soon as he arrived at the boundary of Pengze County, he sent someone to call the county magistrate. Meet him. When Tao Yuanming got the news, although he despised people who gave orders in the name of their superiors, he had no choice but to leave immediately.
Unexpectedly, his secretary stopped Tao Yuanming and said: "This official must pay great attention to details, dress neatly, and have a humble attitude. Otherwise, he will speak ill of you in front of his boss." Tao Yuanming, who had always been upright and aloof, could no longer bear it. He sighed and said: "I would rather starve to death than give in to such a bad person just because of the official salary of five buckets of rice."
He immediately wrote He wrote a letter of resignation and left the post of county magistrate, which he had held for only more than eighty days, and never held an official position again. After retiring from officialdom, Tao Yuanming opened up wasteland and farmed fields in his hometown and lived a self-sufficient pastoral life.
In pastoral life, he found his own destination and wrote many beautiful pastoral poems. He wrote about the leisurely and contented life of farmers: "The distant village is warm, and the smoke in the ruins is lingering." He wrote about his feelings about labor: "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountains." He also wrote about the joys and hardships of farmers' work: " At the foot of the southern mountain where beans are planted, the grass is thick and the bean seedlings are sparse.”
Tao Yuanming In a place called Chaisang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a famous poet named Tao Qian, also named Tao Yuanming. He lived in seclusion in his hometown because he couldn't stand the political corruption at that time. Tao Yuanming loved reading since he was a child and did not want to seek office. His family was often too poor to open the pot, but he still read and wrote poems and enjoyed himself.
There were five willow trees in front of his house, and he nicknamed himself Mr. Five Willows. Later, Tao Yuanming became poorer and poorer. He could not support his family by cultivating the fields by himself.
Relatives and friends persuaded him to go out and find a part-time official position, but he had no choice but to agree. The local government heard that Tao Yuanming was the descendant of a famous general and had literary talents, so they recommended him to join the army under Liu Yu.
But within a few days, he saw that the officials and generals at that time were at odds with each other, and he felt fed up, so he asked to go out and become a local magistrate. His superiors sent him to Pengze (in today's Jiangxi Province) as a county magistrate.
One day, the county sent a postal inspector to inspect Pengze. When the county officials heard the news, they quickly reported it to Tao Yuanming.
Tao Yuanming was twirling his beard and reciting poems in his inner room. When he heard that the governor was coming, he was very disappointed, so he reluctantly put down the poem and prepared to go to see the governor with the clerk. When the clerk saw that he was still wearing casual clothes, he was surprised and said: "The postal supervisor is here. You should change into your official uniform and tie up your belt to see him. How can you go in casual clothes?" Tao Yuanming has always been uncomfortable with those who rely on him The postal supervisor, who was a domineering and powerful official, couldn't stand the humiliation when he heard from the petty officials that he had to wear official uniforms to pay homage.
He sighed and said, "I don't want to bow to that little man for the five measures of rice official salary!" After saying that, he did not go to see the governor and simply took off the seals and ribbons on his body. Leave it to the petty officials and resign. /dzgj/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=42.