1. What are the risks at each stage of industry development?

1. Through industry risk analysis, the development patterns of various industries are revealed, and banks can be well aware of them when granting credit to a certain industry. 2. Through industry risk analysis, customer risks in the industry can be avoided in advance, and the long-term development trend of the industry and enterprises can be grasped through the analysis of industry development trends, corporate competitiveness and product market space. By analyzing the trajectory of industry development with the economic cycle, we can grasp the potential risks within the industry over a period of time and the related causes of risks, such as market risks, structural risks (raw materials, concentration adjustments), environmental protection, policy risks, etc. 3. Through the analysis of industry risks, the level of bank credit risk analysis can be further improved. Through industry analysis, we can determine the industry development trend, the overall competition level and level of differentiation of enterprises, and product market space, and grasp the overall industry financial and ratio standards and differences, thereby improving the quality of financial status analysis and cash flow forecast of a certain enterprise. The accuracy can make more accurate customer ratings and project evaluation conclusions; at the same time, it can also further clarify the liquidity of corporate assets in the industry, provide a use value basis for mortgage realization, and provide accurate judgments for non-performing loan customers to determine the progress and retreat of their customers. value. 4. Promote the formulation of bank credit strategies through industry risk analysis. Banks can scientifically and objectively determine corporate strategic groups based on the results of industry risk analysis, and accordingly determine customer groups at different levels such as high-quality, maintenance, and exit, and implement different credit policies and financial varieties with different credit conditions to determine the bank's position in this group. Industry market share, term, currency, high and low interest rate allocation, etc. 5. Through industry risk analysis, it is helpful for banks to implement different credit analysis focuses and methods and risk avoidance measures based on differences between industries. We can determine the total supply and demand and trends based on the development stage of industry attributes, product characteristics, added value, technology development trends, product life cycle changes, product market sales radius, etc., and accurately predict industry development trends, product market space, Analysis of enterprise competitiveness, promotion of analysis of inter-industry correlations and characteristics, and reasonable determination of evaluation priorities. In summary, industry credit risk research can help banks grasp the basic laws of industry development and fully identify various credit risks lurking in the industry. Then banks can adopt different credit policies based on the differences between different industries, and can determine the risks of different industries. Inter-enterprise strategic groups can maximize bank profits while avoiding risks to the greatest extent

2. According to the "Core Indicators for Risk Supervision of Commercial Banks", the non-performing loan ratio refers to the proportion of non-performing loan balances to various loans. The proportion of the balance must not be higher than ().

B

Answer Analysis This question examines credit risk. According to the "Core Indicators for Risk Supervision of Commercial Banks", the non-performing loan ratio refers to the proportion of non-performing loan balances in various items

3. From the perspective of financial risk manifestations, what are the risks of rising non-performing loan ratios of commercial banks?

In recent years, the overall form of non-performing loans of my country's commercial banks is still not optimistic. The "double increase" of non-performing loan balances and non-performing loan ratios has seriously affected my country's economic development. The continuous rise of non-performing loans continues to threaten the operational safety and risk management and control of banks. With the reform of my country's economic system and the advent of the era of small bank profits, how to effectively prevent the risk of non-performing loans of my country's commercial banks has become particularly important.

4. What are the manifestations of credit risk in commercial banks?

The types of credit risk can be generally divided into two categories: market risk and non-market risk. Market risks mainly come from the production and sales risks of the enterprise (borrower) (that is, the risks caused by changes in market conditions and production technology and other factors during the production and sales process of the borrower's goods; non-market risks mainly refer to natural and social risks). Risk. Natural risk refers to the risk that the borrower will suffer economic losses and be unable to repay the credit principal and interest due to natural factors; social risk refers to the prevention of credit risks caused by individuals or groups in society, mainly bad credit. There is a famous saying in the credit manual of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China: "No matter how high the interest we charge, it will be difficult to make up for the loss of credit principal!" In 2002, my country fully implemented a five-level credit classification system. This system is based on the degree of credit risk. Bank credit assets are divided into five categories: normal, special mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss. Bad credit mainly refers to substandard, doubtful, and loss credit.

Bank credit risk refers to the possibility that due to the influence of various uncertain factors, the actual income results deviate from the expected income targets during the bank's operation and management process, and there is the possibility of suffering asset losses. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the borrowing enterprise cannot repay the credit principal and interest on time due to various reasons, causing bank funds to suffer losses. Credit business accounts for a large proportion of bank credit business. Credit has the characteristics of high risk and outstanding returns, and is of great importance to the operation of the entire bank.