When reading, writing reading notes is a good way to train reading.
Memory is very important for accumulating knowledge, but we should not be superstitious about memory. Lenin had an amazing memory, but he worked hard and wrote many reading notes. As the saying goes, "the lightest ink is better than the strongest memory." Therefore, Tolstoy, a Russian writer, asked himself to carry a pencil and a notebook with him at all times and write down all the wonderful things and words he encountered during reading and talking.
Writing reading notes is a necessary condition for deeply understanding and firmly mastering what you have learned, and it is also a necessary condition for accumulating learning materials for emergencies. There are many ways to make reading notes, and different methods have different functions.
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Notes taken while reading.
Reading extracurricular books, how can we not forget? How can I not lose what I have learned? As you said, it's a good idea to write reading notes. Here are some common ways to write reading notes.
The easiest way to take reading notes is to "extract".
Abstraction means reading a book or an article, picking up some good sentences and paragraphs and copying them in a notebook or card.
The content of the extract should be determined according to your own needs. You can copy the teachings of leaders and tutors, the wise sayings of thinkers, writers and scientists, the brave words and proverbs of people and heroes, etc. For example:
There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb along steep mountain roads can hope to reach its glorious summit.
[Edit this paragraph] Types of reading notes
There are many kinds of reading notes, which are generally divided into four categories:
(1) summary formula. That is, some important ideas, wonderful epigrams and useful data are extracted from books or articles, with the purpose of accumulating various materials and preparing for scientific research, teaching, learning and work. Can be extracted according to the original book or the original system; You can also extract important arguments and paragraphs; You can also extract important numbers.
(2) Interpretation style. Comment notes not only extract, but also write down your own views and comments on these views. The common method is header annotation. That is, mark important places in the book with a pen or mark them with comments and folding pages in the blank; You can also briefly record the arguments or main arguments of books and articles by outline method; You can also summarize the main points of the full text and write down the main contents; Reading the whole book or commenting on the gains and losses in full text is also a method.
(3) experience. That is, after reading it It is your own understanding, feeling, experience and sentiment after reading a book or article. The commonly used methods are: reading notes, also called reading notes, are the product of the combination of notes and experience; Experience, also known as the feeling after reading. Write your reading experience, feelings and gains; It is also a good way to read books by combining opinions with opinions, putting forward your own opinions and recording them.
(4) Record type. 1) notebook. This notebook can be used to copy the original text, write an outline, take notes and write a summary. The advantage is that it is easy to save, but the disadvantage is that it is inconvenient to classify, but it can be compiled separately according to categories. 2) loose-leaf book. Can be used to take all kinds of notes. It is easy to classify and save paper for future reference. 3) cards. The advantages are easy classification, arrangement according to use, convenient and flexible adjustment, and paper saving, but the space is small and the content is not long. 4) newspaper clippings. Cut out newspapers and useful materials. Long articles can be pasted on notebooks or loose-leaf books, and short materials can be pasted on cards. Newspaper clippings can be marked or posted by classification, and the source should be indicated for easy use. 5) Copy the full text. Important reading materials, in order to maintain integrity, can be copied and catalogued in full.
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A person's most precious thing is life, and life belongs to us only once. A man's life should be spent like this: when he looks back, he will not regret wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of doing nothing. In this way, when he dies, he can say, "My life and all my energy have been dedicated to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of mankind." -"How steel was tempered"
The straight mountain peak that I saw from a distance just now stands on the canyon, and the mountain is as graceful as an axe. (Case): It is ok to use "handsome" to describe "tall and straight" and "axe-cut" mountains, but it is not appropriate to use "graceful" to describe them. "Graceful" means graceful posture. How can a mountain as straight as an axe give people a soft feeling? You can change "graceful" to "tall and straight". -A Brief Comment on Chinese.
3。 I just want to express some hope while regretting. First of all, of course, I hope everyone (not only intellectuals, but all party member, League members, all awakened youths and awakened laborers) can learn from them, especially those who still have some distrust of intellectuals and dare not confide in them, and those who blindly strive for fame and gain, and even are half-hearted about the socialist motherland and envy the capitalist "paradise". ..... Secondly, I want to say that I hope that all the organs and party organizations where advanced elements work, every party member and even every honest citizen can show more and better concern for these advanced elements. ……
"If you give me three days of light" is a thought-provoking topic. After listening, there will inevitably be a lot of reverie. Is this a blind man? What's her name? Give her three days of light, what will she do? This series of questions will come to mind. I can't answer you because I haven't finished reading this book. However, every article in the book left a deep impression on me. Reading "If you give me three days of light", I feel that Helen (the author) was a smart and lively girl when she was a child. She can speak some simple words in six months and walk after one year old. In a word, she is much more obedient and studious than the average child. However, the good times don't last long, and the happy time always ends prematurely. In a spring full of beautiful songs of robins and larks and full of flowers, after a high fever, Helen lost her hearing and sight, and then she could not speak. These three things are necessary and indispensable in life. If you lose these three things, for an ordinary person, it is equivalent to losing the fun of life. If you were Helen and you were given three days, what would you do? . If I were her, I would not live. No amount of strength and drum power can illuminate my dark, cold and wet heart. There is only one thought in my heart: it is better to live like this than to die, so let's end it early. However, Helen's practice is just the opposite of my idea. She spent 88 spring and autumn years in her life, but she survived 87 years of loneliness without light, silence and words. Moreover, it is this blind, deaf and dumb woman who graduated from Harvard University in the United States. What an amazing achievement. But after all, this amazing achievement is inseparable from her own efforts. Compared with her, it's a world of difference. I'm really ashamed! Helen can create these miracles that ordinary people can't imagine, all because she has an indomitable and persistent new one. She accepted the challenge of life without hesitation, embraced a beautiful and vibrant world with her fiery heart and great love, and fought against difficulties with amazing perseverance. Finally, she overcame the challenge of life, opened her eyes, gained confidence and hope, and walked out of silence and darkness. Finally, she extended her loving hands to the whole world! Helen changed from a blind and deaf girl to a writer of world civilization. She experienced many ups and downs, but she never backed down, but went forward bravely, fearless in the face of difficulties, overcome difficulties and surmount them. A blind and deaf person can do it, not to mention that we are a person without defects. There is no reason why we can't do it! Some students feel inferior and say they are stupid. Everyone is equal. There is no genius or idiot. Genius and stupidity depend on whether this person has the determination and perseverance to learn, which is the most important thing. The road of life is bumpy, depending on whether you have the confidence and perseverance to step on it and step on the road to success step by step. Each of us is painting a picture of our own life. Only by working hard and constantly striving for self-improvement will our life be full of bright colors and our life picture will shine.
After reading Childhood five times, I feel that this summer vacation, I read Gorky's autobiographical novels. This summer, I read Gorky's autobiographical novel Childhood and was deeply impressed. Maxim Gorky was born in a poor carpenter's family. Gorky suffered a lot during the brutal czar's rule: he lost his father when he was young, but was abused by his grandfather. The people around him are cruel. Full of hatred ... Gorky's childhood was so tragic. Compared with him, I am much happier. I was born in a beautiful place surrounded by mountains and rivers. My parents took care of me in every possible way, my relatives showed great kindness and love to me, and my friends showed innocent love, so that the joyful notes kept falling on my side. I play in bamboo forests, pick mushrooms in mountains, catch crabs in streams, chase butterflies, smell flowers and chase grasshoppers. That's how my childhood began. I stumbled behind my cousin and carried a big basket to pick up wheat, but the big basket always hit my heel. Two pigtails jumped up and down happily, and white butterflies danced around me happily. There are no clouds in Wan Li, the blue sky in Wan Li, and the breeze blows my skirt, and there are more than half of the wheat ears in the basket. The good times of my childhood were spent in happy labor. I walked into a well-read campus. I also became a student. The whole day begins with the sound of reading The teacher taught us knowledge enthusiastically and the students discussed with each other. We are like saplings, nourished by spring breeze and rain, absorbing more and better knowledge and thriving. In this ocean of knowledge, I ended my happy childhood and began to mature. I live in a socialist country full of humanitarianism, and there is no whip here. No beatings, no hatred, no greed, no rudeness, no endless atrocities and scandals. People here are kind, innocent and optimistic, so my childhood is full of happiness and joy.
[Edit this paragraph] How to write reading notes?
How to write reading notes? Writing reading notes is usually the biggest headache for students. Here's how to write reading notes:
Reading notes are generally divided into extracts, outlines, comments and feelings. The format and writing are not difficult, and reading in thought notes is a bit troublesome, but as long as you understand the relationship between arguments, arguments and arguments, you can easily win it, because the feeling of reading is just an argumentative paper. I think you failed in the end because you learned rather than used it. Many applied languages can only be applied in the future work practice, while reading notes belong to daily use and should be learned immediately.
Reading notes refer to a style in which people write down things worth recording and their own experiences when reading books or articles. The ancients had a famous experience in reading, which told them to read with eyes, mouth, heart and hands. This "hand to hand" is a reading note. After reading an article or a book, you should write reading notes according to different situations. Commonly used forms are:
1, abstract reading notes
Reading notes are to accurately copy sentences and paragraphs related to one's study, work and research according to the original text when reading. After extracting the original text, the source should be indicated, including the title, author, publishing unit, publication date, page number, etc. For reference and verification. Abstraction should be selective, and whether it is useful or not should be taken as the standard of abstraction. The extracted notes can be divided into:
(1) index reading notes
Index reading notes are notes that only record the title and source of an article. Such as book title, author, publication date, library. If it is a book, you should remember the book, chapters and sections. If it is a periodical, remember the issue number, and the newspaper should remember the year, month, day and page for future reference. For example: Zhuang Zhao: On Who to Biography, Guangming Daily History.
(2) Transcribe the original reading notes
Copying the original text of reading notes means copying the wonderful sentences and paragraphs related to your own study and research in books and periodicals as the original materials for future application. To extract the original text, write down the classification theme and indicate the source after the quotation.
2. Comment on reading notes
Critical reading notes are not only excerpts, but also their main views on the content and materials of reading materials, which naturally include expressing the author's feelings. Comments sometimes give a general explanation of the main points of the excerpt. There are the following notes:
(1) Title Note
Making notes at the beginning of a book is the easiest way to take notes. That is, when reading a book, draw a symbol in the blank next to the word with a pen, or add a note in the blank, or make a note with folded pages and paper clips, and so on. This method of taking notes can not only deepen the understanding of the contents of the book, but also provide convenience for future search.
(2) Overview
An outline describes the arguments and arguments of a book or an article in the form of an outline. The outline can briefly write the main contents according to the chapters and paragraphs of the original text. Outline reading notes can be written by combining the original sentence with your own language.
(3) Summary
Abstract is different from outline. Outline is the main point of writing paragraph by paragraph, and summary is the main point of writing a comprehensive text. You can simply write the reading content in your own language. In addition to objectively describing the content of reading materials, it also has the nature of some comments.
Another kind of abstract is a brief description of the content of an article or a book.
(4) Comment on reading notes
Commenting on reading notes means commenting on the gains and losses after reading the book, or commenting on the difficulties. Such reading notes are called comment notes. For example, Lu Xun read a passage in Hui Hui magazine: Qing Yan Unlicensed Hui Hui Magazine: The West Lake has a stone carving of the word "Man Jiang Hong" by Yan Song and E Wang, which is very magnificent. Words are generous, books are thin and powerful, and at the end, the title is University Gai Hua. Later generations erased their names and changed the topic to Xia Yan. Although it is a pen, it is enough to punish rape.
Case: Yan Song's poems and Yue Fei's ci are like deeds, but later generations left a message to change their names, which seems to deceive themselves. Mr. Yan thought they could write and promise to punish the traitors, which was like ambiguity. Only 60 words, written in three states. (Lu Xun's Collected Works Bookstore Folded Collection (II))
(5) Supplement the original reading notes
Reading notes that supplement the original text are used to supplement the content of the original book or article after reading. It should be noted that the supplement to the original text is not dispensable, but should be extended or expanded around the central idea.
3. Read your notes carefully.
Learning to read notes is a kind of notes to write your own knowledge, feelings, experiences, feelings and gains after reading. It has the following kinds:
(1) Note
Reading notes, also known as reading notes, are written in combination with the main points and experiences of reading notes. The forms of these notes are flexible and varied. Can be long or short.
(2) Experience
Learning notes is also called post-reading. Write down your experiences, feelings and gains after reading. These reading notes can be used to write the experience of reading, and also to write the development of some arguments in the original text or to put forward criticism and discussion opinions. Writing this kind of notes is generally based on your own language, and you can also quote the original text appropriately.
(3) Comprehensive reading notes
Comprehensive reading notes refer to notes that after reading several books or articles on the same subject, grasp the center to comment on your own views and opinions and put forward your own views.
The above three types of reading notes, no matter which type is adopted, are all for the service of study, work, scientific research and writing. When taking notes, you can use abstract style first, and then read more books. After comparison, you can write translation notes. As for the experience style, it goes further and belongs to the category of scientific research.
= = = = Summary:
Taking reading notes can not only improve the efficiency of reading books and articles, but also improve the ability of scientific research and writing. Through study and practice, students fully realize the role of library, which not only gains knowledge and exercises ability, but also stimulates students' desire to explore.
The entries in Baidu Encyclopedia are for reference only, if you need to solve specific problems.
(especially in the fields of law and medicine), I suggest you consult professionals in related fields. This entry is helpful to me.
1204
Reading Notes of the Water Margin A Minister tells the heroic story of 108 heroes headed by Song Jiang, who were murdered by traitors from Juyi Liangshan Park to being wooed by the imperial court, to crushing Liao soldiers and finally destroying the rebels. After reading the whole book, there are only two words left in my mind: loyalty and righteousness.
Loyalty means doing your best for your motherland, your relatives and friends around you. Song Jiang is still loyal to the motherland under various threats and inducements, which is loyalty; After Lin Chong was caught up with Liangshan, Lin Chong's wife abused Gao Qiu's son. She would rather die than surrender and eventually hanged herself. This is also loyalty. In today's society, I believe many people can achieve the word "loyalty", but few people can achieve the word "righteousness".
A word "righteousness" contains too much content. In the Water Margin, 108 heroes are brothers, who go through fire and water for their friends and do everything for a word "righteousness". For the people, you have to fight for the word "righteousness". So, although "righteousness" is only three words, sometimes you have to write it with a person's life. In real life, almost anyone can give up his seat, but not everyone can, because it requires considerable courage, even the determination to trade one life for another.
Righteousness can be interpreted as justice. A person with a strong sense of justice is a person with noble spirit. How many heroes have given their lives for righteousness through the ages? Aren't they afraid of death? They can risk their lives for justice and truth, because a strong sense of justice clearly tells them what not to do and what is worth fighting for with their lives. A person who has no sense of justice will not understand this, because his sense of justice has been swallowed up by numbness, his passion for struggle has been frozen, but his soul has been assimilated by some ugly things in society.
I still remember clearly that there is a black man among the heroes of the Water Margin. He is reckless and grumpy. He often conflicts with others because of trivial matters, and even leads to murder. But he can see the bumps in the road and draw out his sword to help those unscrupulous guys. In real life, although there is no such thrilling event, the word "righteousness" permeates our lives. Loyalty to friends is filial piety. Just look at people or things we don't understand with a fair eye, which is the sense of justice in the realistic sense. When Japan invaded China, many loyal revolutionary martyrs worked hard with their blood to make today's thriving motherland. Dong Cunrui laid down his life to bomb the bunker, and Huang Jiguang blocked the enemy's machine gun with his chest. These are the continuation of the Chinese people's sense of justice.
One can not believe in God, but one can also not believe in "holiness". At present, the most important task for us teenagers is to build our motherland more prosperous. Therefore, this is also the foundation of our national justice. Let us believe in this "sacredness" and maintain this "sacredness" with our own hands.
Water Margin: Notes on Water Margin (1) —— Drunk Jiang Menshen
Song Wu killed Ximen Qing, was sent to banishment in Mengzhou, and met Zhang Qing and Sun Erniang in Hengpo. But these are not exciting enough, but this episode of Song Wu's drunken beating of Jiang Menshen is the most exciting.
In this episode, Song Wu helped Mercy recapture the Happy Forest for personal friendship, and every wine officer on the way ate three bowls of wine. These two points show that he has a feeling of letting go of himself. And his teasing before hitting Jiang Menshen was even more wonderful. He first found fault with the wine officer, and then provoked Jiang Menshen and beat him hard, which can prove that Song Wu was a careless person. He can also be divided into several details when flirting. He changed the wine three times, and then said that he would let Jiang Menshen's concubine drink with him. If the wine is full, he will fight with them (including Jiang Menshen here). After he killed Jiang Menshen, he was afraid that he would sue the official. When he asked Jiang Menshen for the third thing, he was afraid that he would sue officials and take back Happy Forest in the future, so he was told to leave Mengzhou and not to live here. This also shows how careful Song Wu is. Notes on Water Margin (II) —— Four Tigers Killing in Yiling
Li Kui jy saw the reunion of Song Jiang and his son and missed his mother, so he went to Baizhang Village in Yishui County to visit his mother.
On the way, I met Gui Li as a fake Li Kui jy threat. Gui Li was defeated and asked for forgiveness, saying that he had a 90-year-old mother. Killing him means killing him and his mother. Li Kui jy took pity on him, so he spared him and gave him a piece of silver to let him go. I don't think the author likes people like Gui Li, so he let Gui Li and Li Kui meet again and let Li Kui kill him. One is that the author can vent his anger, and the other is to make those readers agree with him. After reading him, he has a heroic temperament, as if he were Li Kui jy. It's wonderful that Li Kui jy killed Gui Li. But later, when Li Kui jy carried his mother through Yiling, the scene of killing the tiger was the most wonderful. First, I went to fetch water, and then I found my mother missing, and I found two tigers with two legs. I killed the tiger in a rage, and the male tiger and the female tiger came to seek revenge and were killed. Unfortunately, he killed the tiger, was invited to his house, and was caught. After reading this, everyone wants to defend Li Kui jy, which shows the author's good intentions. Notes on the Water Margin (III) —— Resentful Lion House
Song Wu was in yanggu county and went to Beijing for business. Only when I came back did I know that my brother Wu Dalang was dead. Song Wu became suspicious and discovered the truth. He went to sue the official, but the county museum took bribes. In desperation, he avenged Wu Dalang in Lion Building. One of the highlights is the part that killed Ximen Qing in the final revenge. Although Wu Dalang died, Pan Jinlian and Ximen Qing got the consequences she deserved, and Song Wu was sent to Mengzhou to kill the people. I think it is possible that the author is satirizing the fatuity of the imperial court at that time. Ximen Qing's description here is simply "smelly", and almost anyone who reads it will scold him a word or two, which shows how good the author describes the characters!
Reading Notes of Water Margin (IV) —— Selling Knives in Bianjing City
Yang has no money, so he has to sell his treasure knife and earn some money in another country to make a living. Who knows that when selling knives, local ruffians are insulted in every way. Yang Zhi couldn't stand it, so he killed Niu Er and went to the newspaper office. Finally, he was sentenced to banishment to Daming House. The most interesting scene is that Yang Zhi sells knives. First, I asked who bought the knife. After Niu Er came, I asked him to try this knife. Niu Er tried every means to obstruct and humiliate him, and was finally killed. This tells us what some hooligans were like then. Niu Er's death not only vented his anger at the characters in the book, but also made readers feel relieved after reading it. Perhaps this is what the author wrote by grasping the reader's psychology. Notes on Water Margin (V) —— Poems of Xunyang Tower
After Song Jiang arrived in Jiangzhou, he met Shen Xing Taibao and others. One day, drinking in Xunyang Building, I wrote an anti-poem on the wall and left my name. Huang Wenbing finally met him on death row. This incident made Song Jiang laugh and cry for the readers. I don't know what to say about him, and this episode is nothing exciting. It's just that the author can write Song Jiang to the extent that readers can't say anything about Song Jiang. It's really amazing. I can only say that Song Jiang is too confused to mention any poems. It is with this episode that we can better set off the scene of the next episode. Song Jiang's poems were robbed for a while to set off the scene of cutting the court behind him. Indeed, it is better to be with Song Jiang's poems than with others. One is that you can't say anything, and the other is that you can make them stop the court for more reasons. So I think this episode is good. Notes on Water Margin
The Water Margin is a long masterpiece reflecting the peasant uprising. This book focuses on the whole process of the formation, growth and failure of an insurgent army led by Song Jiang at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty.
The novel takes Qiu as the center and describes corrupt officials and bullies everywhere. For example: Zhenkansai, Jiang Menshen, Ximen Qing and so on. They are ferocious, making the whole society dark and the people miserable. The fact that "the government forces the people to rebel, and the people will rebel" is fully reflected in the novel. In the novel, a large number of Liangshan heroes such as Lin Chong, Lu, etc. are portrayed with a lot of pen and ink.
Among Liangshan 108 generals, I think Song Jiang is the most imperfect. If he doesn't go to woo, but unite with the people in the south of the Yangtze River to resist the bad king, then I believe that the final result must be that all the people in the world live a happy life. When Fang La and his son Fang Tianding walked into the execution ground, a poet not only sighed: "Song Jiang was rewarded with the promotion day, but Fang La was sentenced. Good and evil will eventually be rewarded, just for coming early and coming late. " But I don't think Song Jiang's "goodness" is really "goodness". On the contrary, Fang La's "evil" is not really "evil", but to fight against the incompetent emperor and benefit the people all over the world! I wonder if everyone feels the same way?