In December, Wang Chen retreated to Ruyin (now Fuyang, Anhui Province), and when he returned to his father (now Yang Guo, Anhui Province), he was killed by his driver Zhuang Jia and surrendered to Qin Jun. After Chen Sheng's death, he was buried in Dangxian County (now northeast of Yongcheng, Henan Province), and posthumous title was the hidden king. Wang Chen's veteran general organized a "Cangtou Army" to attack Chen County from Xinyang (now the northern border of Anhui Province). After the conquest, he killed and established Chen County as the capital of Chu. At the beginning, when Chen arrived in Chen County, he ordered Luo County people to pacify Nanyang (now a prefecture-level city in Henan Province) and then invade Wuguan (now Danfeng Cave in Shaanxi Province). After Liu Song captured Nanyang, it was reported that Wang Chen was killed, so Nanyang was retaken by Qin Jun. Liu Song could not enter Wuguan, so he went east to Xincai (now the jurisdiction of Zhumadian City, Henan Province), only to meet Qin Jun, and Liu Song led his troops to surrender to Qin Jun. Sent Song to Xianyang and dismembered him. When Qin Jia and others heard that Wang Chen's army was defeated and fled, they made Ju Jing the king of Chu, where they led their troops (now Yutai West, Shandong Province) and attacked Qin Jun near Dingtao (now Heze City, Shandong Province). So he sent Gong Sunqing to Qi to see Tian Xian, the king of Qi, and wanted to send troops with him. The King of Qi said, "I heard that Wang Chen was defeated, and his life and death are uncertain. How can Chu be king without asking me? " The Duke said, "The State of Qi established a king without asking Chu. Why did the State of Chu demand the King of Qi? Besides, Chu was the first to rise up against Qin, so he should command the world. " Tian Yan killed Gongsunqing. The captains around Qin led the troops to attack Chen County and occupied it. After General Lv Chen failed to escape, he regrouped his troops. Together with the army led by Dangyang Army after Poyang was stolen, they attacked a captain's army around Qin State, defeated them in Qingbo, and once again took Chen County as the capital of Chu State. At this time, Xiang Liang named Sun Zixin the King of Chu. Chen Sheng was king for six months. After he became king, he took Chen County as his capital. Once upon a time, a man who was hired by him to farm heard that he had become a king and came to Chen County. He knocked on the door of the palace and said, "I want to see Chen She." The officer guarding the palace gate will tie him up. After his repeated explanations, he was released, but he still refused to inform him. When Wang Chen went out, he stopped on the road and shouted Chen She's name. When Wang Chen heard this, he summoned him and returned to the palace in a car with him. After entering the palace, I looked at the hall, the house and the curtain. The guests said, "Hey! King Chen She's palace is high and deep! " Chu people called "Duo" "Gang", so the saying that "Gang is king" spread all over the world from Chen She. This guest is more and more free to go in and out of the palace, and often tells people some old stories about Chen She. Someone said to Wang Chen, "Your guests are ignorant and talk nonsense, which is harmful to your majesty." Wang Chen killed the visitor. Since then, all Wang Chen's old friends have left voluntarily, and there is no one close to Wang Chen anymore. Chen Sheng was king, and his father-in-law, wife and brothers went to take refuge. Bobby Chen treated them with the courtesy of ordinary guests. My father-in-law said angrily, "Ignoring the elderly by strength can't last long!" " So he left without saying goodbye. ) Wang Chen appointed Zhu Fang as Chiang Kai-shek and Hu Wu as secretary to supervise the faults of ministers. The generals occupied this place and returned to Chen County. If they disobey orders slightly, they will be arrested and punished, so as to strictly investigate the fault of their minister as their loyalty to Wang Chen. Anyone they don't like who makes a mistake and doesn't hand it over to the official in charge of justice will be punished without authorization. Wang Chen trusts them very much. For these reasons, the generals are no longer close to him. This is the reason why Wang Chen failed.

2. This passage is taken from The Chen She Family.

Based on the activities of Bobby Chen and Guangwu, this paper vividly describes the occurrence and development of this uprising, and vividly reveals its essence-a peasant movement supported by the broad masses of people against violent rule. The main image in this article is Bobby Chen. The author vividly reproduces the image of the leader and organizer of the peasant movement by describing the typical historical environment and portraying the characters' language and actions.

3. Why did Sima Qian classify Chen She as a family?

Historical Records is the first biographical general history in China, with a total of 130 articles, including 12 biographies, 30 aristocratic families, 70 biographies, tables 10 and 8 books. Home is a record of the rise and fall of vassal States and Han Dynasty governors. But this is only a rough division. For some historical figures, the author has his special considerations. Chen She is another special case. He comes from a humble background and is the so-called "son of a bow and jar, a self-help man" Although he became king after the uprising, it was only six months. It was brought into the aristocratic family because under the strict rule of the Qin Dynasty, it was really a great achievement to attack first. At the end of this biography, Sima Qian wrote: "Although Chen Sheng died, he sent his ministers to Qin to die, which was the first thing involved." What is particularly meaningful is that he quoted Jia Yi's On Qin in full after his biography, instead of his own praise. This unusual practice is enough to show that Sima Qian values political achievements, not heroes. Later, when Ban Gu wrote Han Shu, he almost completely copied the original text of Historical Records Chen She Family, removed the name of "Family", and combined Chen She and Ji Xiang into one biography, which was the "first biography", and its derogatory meaning was self-evident. Historians' different attitudes towards historical figures can be seen here.

4. About the fault analysis:

Chen She is a native of Yangcheng County. Wu Guangzhe is from Yang Xia. First of all, after explaining the basic information of the characters, Sima Qian went on to write: When Chen She was young, he plowed with people. When he was resting, Chen She chatted with those people. He said something that made everyone feel ridiculous: "Don't forget each other if you have money!" When you get rich, you can't forget each other. This sentence is inconsistent with the status of a serf, so it is laughed at. After teasing, Chen She went on to say an eternal famous saying: "Sparrows know the ambition of swans!" How can a sparrow understand the ambition of a wild goose! ) For a long time, we thought this sentence was about Chen She's uniqueness, but it was also about this ambitious serf. People are not afraid of being born without nobility, and they are afraid of being unprepared for nobility. This preparation is the so-called ideal. Confucius said, "The father is watching his will, but the father is not watching his actions." When a person can't do anything, it depends on what he is ready to do. This is the hidden dragon in the dry divination of the Book of Changes. It should also be understood that Chen She is different. In fact, when we read Chen She's family, we will find that it was this sentence that made Chen She, and it was this sentence that led to Chen She's final death. Chen She is ready to become the first, but this preparation is limited to the pursuit and demand for materials. This is the most fundamental reason why all peasant uprisings failed. Chen She Guangwu Uprising, Huang Chao Uprising, Li Zicheng Uprising and so on. On the one hand, farmers always change their own and farmers' fate from changing their actual needs. On the other hand, they can't get rid of the desire to be farmers. Therefore, at the beginning of the Chen She family, "being rich without forgetting each other" was the reason for Chen She's success and failure. In fact, it is also a summary of Chen She's life and an evaluation of Chen She's life. When Chen She reached the peak of his ideal, the depiction of Chen She in Historical Records was lamented by a farmer who had cultivated land with Chen She-when he entered the palace, he saw the curtain in the temple, saying; "just h! The person involved is Wang Shenshen. " When the man entered the palace, he saw the magnificent tent and exclaimed, Boy, Chen She was so rich when he became king! ) At this time, Chen She first enjoyed himself. He put himself in a successful position and enjoyed himself successfully. What he enjoys is nothing more than money and wealth that farmers have never seen before, rather than ruling the world. There is a saying in Buddhism: "Buddha has no true temperament." Buddha is the truth of the world, and it is also similar to the Confucian road, that is, everyone's tragedy in this world is caused by themselves. Just like Chen She, his pursuit of material wealth is the success or failure of his life, which is his own "phase". Sima Qian is a Confucian figure. He treats people with Confucian values. We can understand that "getting rich without forgetting each other" is an affirmation of Chen She, but after getting rich, is this a denial of Chen She? ?