Carrying Fire: Astronaut's Journey Carrying Fire: Astronaut's journey recorded the height that NASA pushed to the moon before the end of 1960s. Michael collins, the pilot of Apollo 1 1 manned module, is not as famous as his crew members neil armstrong and buzz aldrin. He walked around the moon, but Collins' eloquence and humor captured the deep and pure awe of flying to the moon. "Fifty years later, this is still the best astronaut autobiography ever," said Michael nuefeld, senior curator of the Space History Department of the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, and former curator. "This is an elegant meditation on Collins' air force career and his time as an astronaut, including Apollo 1 1. "
Apollo: The story of venturing to the moon in the lunar race didn't begin with Apollo, neil armstrong or even President John F. Kennedy. Project mercury's space flight took the first Americans into space before anyone could venture close to 250,000 miles to another world. The Gemini program tested many technologies needed for lunar navigation, such as docking two spacecraft and climbing out of the spacecraft with only pressure. Charles Murray and Catherine Bly Cox's Apollo: The Race to the Moon tells this story mainly through the lens of NASA managers, scientists and engineers, who made it possible to land on the moon. "Murray and Cox provided ground engineering views of Mercury, Gemini and Apollo," nuefeld said. "[Their book] vividly describes how the main engineers and managers of NASA landed on Apollo 17 from the early days of Mercury."
People on the Moon: The Journey of Apollo Astronauts and Apollo: The Race to the Moon tell the story of Apollo in the eyes of NASA. Andrew Chai Jin, the author of "Man on the Moon: A Journey of Apollo Astronauts", mainly talks about the experiences of astronauts. According to interviews with 23 of the 24 people who flew to the moon and other famous NASA employees and archives, the man who landed on the moon is one of the most complete and well-researched descriptions of the Apollo program. From the excitement of the launch of Saturn V rocket to the drama that Apollo 13 was forced to fly back to Earth after completing more than two days' mission, Chai Jin conveyed the excitement and tension of this thrilling game to the surface of the moon. "I have been there. Mande of Apollo 17, the last man standing on the moon, Jean Cernan said:
The success of apollo 8's mission depends on a unique and terrible strategy: slowing down the spacecraft and sending it into lunar orbit. Even the smallest mistake will definitely ruin the life of the first person: neil armstrong. Few people will claim that neil armstrong is not the ideal candidate for the first man to land on the moon. Armstrong was the first and most important engineer. He is famous for his technical know-how and ability to solve problems calmly, but he is also a gentle person in private. In 2000, Armstrong told a group of engineering students gathered at the Stata Center of Massachusetts Institute of Technology: "I am now, and I will always be, a white sock, a pocket protector and a nerd engineer." Focus on flying.
In The First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong, James R. Hansen reveals the personal side of the world's most famous astronaut. Based on more than 50 hours of interviews with Armstrong himself and discussions with his family and personal documents, Hansen tells an incredible story about Armstrong's life and work. From the bat mission over North Korea as a naval pilot, to the experimental flight on the X- 15 rocket plane (still the fastest manned plane ever), to the first docking of two spacecraft in orbit (and the emergency that caused their spacecraft to enter a dangerous rotation), even if Armstrong was not the first man to land on the moon, his life and personal sacrifice would become an exciting story.
"Others write biographies of astronauts, and the first one is the gold standard," nuefeld said. "Hansen combines rigorous academic research with a fluent and interesting writing style."
Failure is not an option: mission control and mission control from Mercury to Apollo 13 will be closely monitored from the ground when the surpassing astronauts fly in space. Cooperate with radio stations in California, Spain and Australia to provide 24-hour communication and telemetry data during the Apollo mission "Houston", which astronauts call "mission control" and is almost as famous as anyone who landed on the moon. Jean kranz is one of the most influential people in that room.
In his memoirs, failure is not an option: from Mercury to Apollo 13 and beyond, kranz describes his role in many of the most famous space flights in history. Chris Kraft, the first chief flight director of NASA, appointed Crantz as the mission control project officer, and Crantz helped launch alan shepard (the first American to go into space) and john glenn (the first American to fly around the earth) for the first time. During the Gemini project, the space race was in full swing, and Kraft began to rely on kranz as flight director. Gemini 4, "He just said' It's up to you' and left."
Kranz later took over as chief flight director. When Armstrong and Aldrin landed, he kept this role on the moon through Apollo 1 1. He was also the chief flight director of Apollo 13. In the process of flying to the moon, the oxygen tank exploded, forcing the crew to rotate around the moon and return to Earth without landing on the moon, thus safely guiding the failed spacecraft back to Earth. During this time, as astronauts made history and fled disasters, kranz was in charge of mission control on the ground.
Wernher Von Braun: Werner wernher von braun, a space dreamer and war engineer, is undoubtedly one of the most influential figures in the history of space engineering and rockets. He not only led a team of thousands of engineers, but also built the Saturn V lunar rocket for Apollo, which is the largest and most powerful rocket in the world. Before or after this, he was also the chief designer of the world's first long-range ballistic missile V-2, and was also the design inspiration for almost all liquid fuel rockets since then.
But Wernher wernher von braun was also notorious for his cooperation with the Nazi Party. This talented engineer built the V-2 for the German army in his early career, which was used by the Nazis to bomb Britain and Belgium. Forced labor in concentration camps was also used to build V-2 under cruel and horrible conditions, which was realized by Wernher wernher von braun. After Werner wernher von braun was captured by the Allies,
As part of Operation Paperclip, Wernher wernher von braun and more than 65,438+0,500 other German engineers and scientists were transferred to the United States. He was sent to the US Army Redstone Arsenal in Alabama to make missiles. In the end, he became not only the director of the Marshall Space Flight Center of NASA, but also the main advocate and famous public figure of manned mission to the moon.
Most people in the United States live in the United States, and the history of Wernher wernher von braun and the Nazis has been diluted or ignored. The story of his life is difficult to tell, not only because of moral considerations at that time, but also because any biographer needs to refer to American and German materials to record Werner wernher von braun's life before, during and after World War II. Michael Norfield's "wernher von braun: A Dream in Space" and "The War Engineer" are by far the most complete and authoritative biographies of Wernher wernher von braun, avoiding beautification and slander, because they examine one of the most famous figures in space history.
We can't fail: the first African-American participated in the space program in the 1960 s, the civil rights movement gradually eliminated oppression and unfair apartheid, and Jim Crow, NASA and many other institutions were also fighting for diversity. Many African-Americans think that the space program is an abuse of national resources because black communities all over the country are fighting for economic equality.
However, just as the Federation has become a tool to implement civil rights legislation, NASA itself has seen some signs of progress. We can't fail: Richard Paul's first African-Americans and Steven Moss's space program recorded the lives and work of ten black scientists and engineers working for NASA.
Clyde Foster, a scientist and mathematician, is one of the most famous figures. Under the guidance of Wernher wernher von braun, he worked in Redstone Arsenal and Marshall Space Flight Center to calculate the trajectory of rockets. Foster later persuaded Wernher wernher von braun to support a computer science project at A&M University in Alabama, a historically black university. Then he became the director of Marshall's Equal Employment Opportunity Office, where he helped hundreds of African-Americans find jobs at NASA.
Fifty years after landing on the moon, historians and space enthusiasts can begin to have a new understanding of the legacy of the Apollo program, just as astronauts look back at the earth from the moon and regard the earth as a beautiful and exquisite small world for the first time. Apollo legacy: the prospect of landing on the moon
Roger Lawnius is a former chief historian of NASA and a senior official of the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. He has studied people's extensive reactions to the Apollo program for many years. Depending on who you ask, the Apollo program is an example of American exceptionalism and strength, or a waste of national resources that could have been used to help solve the earth's problems. Some people say that Apollo's scientific and technological progress is very worthwhile, while others deny that landing on the moon ever happened. Apollo's legacy combines the perspective of landing on the moon with an important moment in the history of the space program, telling a new story about one of the most concerned events in history.
The Rise of the Earth: How did man first see the Earth? "We explored the moon all the way", and the most important thing is that we discovered the earth. Apollo 8 astronaut William Anders said after completing the first 240,000-mile flight around the moon in history. Anders also took photos of the now iconic rise of the earth. He and his crew circled the moon and watched the earth seem to rise from the horizon.
Earth Rising: Robert Poole, a former editor of the Smithsonian Institution, saw the earth for the first time and explored the significance of this photo and other images of the earth taken from space. This book is full of beautiful pictures and stories from the moon landing program, and discusses in depth the influence of Apollo program on everything from environmentalism to religion to science. "Poole's story is one of the ancient and academic ideas about the moon and the earth. How did the astronaut photos like "apollo 8" in which the earth rises become the main means for people to realize their dream of traveling to the moon and realize the reality of earth science?