.China

Every ruler and minister, high or low, obeys the law. This is called great governance.

The law is used to achieve success and fear violence; the law is used to determine the outcome and stop disputes; the order is used to make people aware of things.

——"Guanzi·Seven Ministers and Seven Lords"

Guide them with government and coordinate them with punishment, and the people will be spared and shameless; guide them with virtue and coordinate them with etiquette, and there will be Shameful and unworthy.

Politicians are upright. The commander-in-chief is righteous, who dares not to be righteous?

If his body is upright, he will not do what he is told; if his body is not upright, he will not do what he is told.

If everyone is evil, you will have to check it; if everyone is good, you will have to check it.

When the people are enough, which king is enough? When the people are not enough, which king is enough?

——"The Analects of Confucius"

The law alone is not enough for oneself, and the kindness alone is not enough for government.

——"Mencius"

The law determines the differences and ends the disputes.

As for the law, the constitution is issued by the government, and the punishments must be based on the people's hearts. Rewards must be based on careful laws, and punishments must be imposed on those who treacherously order.

Therefore, there is nothing better than a reward that is generous and trustworthy, so that the people will benefit from it; a punishment that is nothing more heavy but certain, so that the people will fear it; and a law is better than one that is solid and solid, so that the people will know it.

The law is not noble, the rope is not twisted, the law is imposed, the wise cannot say it, the brave cannot dare to fight, the punishment should not be avoided, and the good should not be spared.

——"Han Feizi"

There is no better way to prohibit adultery than to punish transgressors. If the punishment is severe and you will definitely get it, then the people will not dare to try it. There is no punishment for the people in the country, so there is no punishment for the people in the country. It is said that punishment is not to kill. If the punishment is heavy on the light ones, the light ones will not survive, and the serious ones will have nothing to do. This is called governance; if the punishments are heavy on the severe ones, the light ones will be lightened. It is said to cure the chaos.

——"Shang Jun Shu·Rewarding and Punishment Chapter"

Before the etiquette and prohibition were implemented, the law was given after.

——Sima Qian's "Historical Records Taishi Gong's Preface"

Those who are capable are responsible for the responsibilities but do not work; those who are allowed to do nothing are useless

The law can punish You cannot make people honest, you can kill people but you cannot make them benevolent... Those who value good officials should value them for never being evil and preventing them from doing wrong, rather than valuing them by imprisoning them and killing them.

——"Salt and Iron Theory"

Punish the person who has not committed the crime and prevent it from happening before it happens.

——Changsun Wuji's "Tang Lv Shu Yi"

Destroy evil before it has begun, and avoid disaster before it is formed.

——Sima Guang

Ministers set an example for junior ministers, and officials in the capital set an example for foreign officials. The rule of law is integrity, and a pure source means a clean flow. This principle has never been easy to understand. If a minister can be pure and honest, he must abide by the laws and disciplines, practice his profession diligently, and forget his own interests. A minor minister will have his own fears and will not dare to act rashly.

——Kangxi's "Records of the Holy Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty"

Punishment cannot be abolished in the prosperous age, and it is also not respected in the prosperous age.

——"Sikuquanshu·Political and Legal Category·Notes on Laws and Regulations"

The state must not be lawless. If there is a law but it is not good, it is the same as being lawless.

——Shen Jiaben

In the past, if we wanted to suppress the people's rights, we must take the people's wisdom as the first priority; if we want to extend the people's rights today, we must take the people's wisdom as the first priority.

——Liang Qichao

To establish a country on the earth, it is indispensable. The country was founded in the autumn of the 20th century when civilization was competing for advancement, and it was especially important not to be lawless. This was because human rights were obstructed, and evil was also committed. A good person who rules the country by law can eliminate bandits and thieves and put an end to lawsuits and disputes.

——Sun Yat-sen

2. Foreign law

It is impossible for the law to issue an order that is binding on everyone and is most beneficial to everyone at the same time. . The law cannot at any time completely and accurately provide every member of society with what is good and what is right. The differences in human personalities, the diversity of human activities, and the endless changes in human affairs make it impossible for people to formulate rules that can be absolutely applicable to various problems at any time, no matter what technology they possess.

——Ancient Greek Plato's "The Statesman"

When man reaches the perfection of virtue, he is the most outstanding animal among all animals; but if he insists on having his own way, there is no law and order. Righteous, he becomes the worst of all animals.

The rule of law should include two meanings: established laws are universally obeyed, and the laws that everyone obeys should themselves be well-formulated laws.

The primary guarantee for the effectiveness of a legal system must be that it is accepted by society, while mandatory sanctions can only serve as secondary and auxiliary guarantees.

——Ancient Greek Aristotle's "Politics"

The consul is the speaking law, and the law is the silent consul.

——Cicero, Ancient Rome

Justice is the firm and abiding desire to give everyone his due.

——Ancient Roman Justinian's "General Theory of Jurisprudence"

What you say may not be correct, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.

——Fa Voltaire

As long as it does not violate just laws, everyone has complete freedom to pursue his own interests in his own way.

——Adam Smith, "The Wealth of Nations"

The most powerful restraint on crime is not the severity of punishment, but the inevitability of punishment..., because, Even the smallest evil is always frightening once it becomes certain. The deterrent power of punishment lies not in its severity but in its inevitability.

——Ebeccaria's "On Crime and Punishment"

When a person is born, he has a gold coin in his mouth, with equality written on one side and freedom written on the other. This gold coin It's called human rights.

Marriage requires both husband and wife to be faithful, and faithfulness is the most sacred of all rights.

Only obeying the laws that people set for themselves is freedom.

There is often a big difference between the general will and the will of the people. The general will always rebels against the private school?/P>

——Falour Rousseau

In the motherly eyes of civil law, every individual is the entire country.

Statutory and civil regulations should simply apply this human reason to individual situations.

A citizen's political freedom is a state of peace of mind that creates a sense of security for everyone. In order to enjoy this freedom, there must be a government in which no one has to fear anyone.

Absolute power leads to absolute corruption.

——"The Spirit of the Laws" by Montesquieu

Due to the natural weakness of human beings, a fixed group with too much power will be infected with arrogance, pride and despotism. style.

——"Revolutionary Legal System and Trial" by Robert Robespierre

An unfair judgment is more harmful than many unfair actions. Because these unfair actions only dirty the water, while unfair referees ruin the source of the water.

——Bing Bacon's "On Judiciary"

Judges have no other boss except the law

In a democratic country, the law is the king; in an autocratic country, the law is the king. In the country, the king is the law.

Generally speaking, punishment should be a means of probation or intimidation. But what right does one have to punish one person to influence or intimidate others? … History and statistical science prove very clearly that the use of punishment to convert or frighten the world has never been successful since the time of Cain. Counterproductive!

Only because society has given legal provisions to actual possession, actual possession has the nature of legal possession and the nature of private property.

My behavior is the only area where I deal with the law, because behavior is the only thing for which I claim the right to survive and real rights, and therefore I am governed by the current law.

——De Marx