Confucius said, "If you can learn new truths by reviewing known knowledge, you can become a teacher."
The word "Wen" is extremely vivid. The solution is warmth. It means cooking with fire. Later, people called the rapid fire boiling, while the slow fire was called warming up. Warm cooking is like stewing food on a charcoal fire and slowly cooking it from the inside out. The ancients emphasized that reading should be familiar, thoughtful, repeated and direct, until the words in the book came out of my mouth and the meaning in the book came from my heart, and then I got what I got, similar to the process of warming up. Some people say that "temperature" is a mass of anger. If the temperature is too cold or too hot, everything will die. All kinds of flowers will be brewed in the temperature of spring, and only in the "temperature" will there be new life. Reading without learning is easy to forget, and forgetting is cold. Reading without reading first is easy to be encouraged, but reading with help is hot. Neither cold nor heat is conducive to inventing new knowledge. Relax, don't let it overheat, dive repeatedly, and don't let it cool down. This is a warm-up thing. After reviewing for a long time, the truth will come out. Another saying is "temperature", which means that everything will be cold and will be reheated. "Therefore" is learned knowledge. "Looking back" means looking back at what you have learned when it is about to be forgotten, so as to ensure that you will not forget it. Confucius said "learn from time to time" (1. 1), and Xia Zi said "never forget what the moon can do" (19.5), all of which are things that have been learned repeatedly. Some people also interpret "Wen" as seeking meaning, and "Wen Gu" refers to sorting out the learned knowledge and making it organized. Huang Kan pointed out in Notes on Chinese Studies and Philology: "The so-called scholars are systematic and organized, but they can simplify the complicated methods." Learning should not only learn from time to time, but also make a detailed analysis of the knowledge learned, so that the chaotic knowledge reserve is organized and systematic, and the ability to acquire new knowledge is improved. Familiarity, modesty, habit and organization are all effective learning methods, which are all contained in the word "Wen".
There are two solutions to "review the past and learn the new": the first solution is that the learned knowledge is old and the learned new knowledge is new. "Looking back on the past" is still just a matter of knowledge; "Knowing the new" transforms knowledge into self-wisdom. If you only review the old and don't know the new, all you have is a pile of dead knowledge. Only by learning new things can we "quote from the classics and draw inferences from others" and use them flexibly to cope with the endless changes in the world. Learning begins with reviewing the past and inheriting the previous knowledge, but new knowledge must be developed from reviewing the past, which is the real learning. Review the past and gain new knowledge, that is, "going to school to reach the top" (14.37). Go to school, learn human feelings, and learn books; Reach and understand heaven. "Reviewing the past and learning the new" is a gradual process.
Another solution is: therefore, ancient times are already traces; New, today, and then. Reviewing the past and knowing the new means being able to understand the past and the present and apply what you have learned. "Take the place of the articles of association before the exam and refer to the gains and losses at that time." Wang Chong, a Confucian scholar in Han Dynasty, wrote in On Xie Heng Section: "Knowing the past but not knowing the present is called Lu Chen. Knowing the present and not knowing the past is called blindness. Review the past and learn the new, and you can be a teacher. I don't know ancient and modern, how to be a teacher? " See Zhuangzi Zapian Zeyang, which refers to ignorance, pedantry and untimely. Blind refers to blindness and ignorance. Those who know the past but don't know the present only look back on the past and can't develop new knowledge, so they stick to the past and stagnate for Lu Chen. People who know nothing about the present and the past do not look back on the past and create new things out of thin air. What they know is water without a source, wood without a root. They are lying with their eyes open, so they are blind. Only those who can understand the past and present can understand justice and guide practice.
You can be a teacher. In Confucius' view, learning is not learning and memory, but invention. The qualification of a teacher does not lie in extensive knowledge, but in guiding students to sum up laws and cultivating the thinking ability of "knowing one thing and ten things", "learning from others" and "learning from others". "Xunzi Shi Zhi": "Learn from others' ways instead of others' ways. There are four things: you can be a teacher, with dignity and awe; Love and believe that you can become a teacher; If you don't commit a crime, you can be a teacher; In terms of ignorance, you can be a teacher. " There are four ways to be a teacher, but extensive knowledge is not included: dignified and scary, you can be a teacher; Old and prestigious, you can be a teacher; You can be a teacher by chanting and explaining without violating the teacher's theory; If you know the subtle truth and can speak, you can be a teacher. Book of Rites: "It is not enough to be a teacher to learn by reciting the topic." Learning to ask questions is just knowing how to recite. It can be seen that neither a learned person nor a questioner can be a teacher. The knowledge in their minds is dead, all external knowledge, without their own experience, just a knowledge vending machine. No matter how extensive his knowledge is, he can only deal with one thing with one kind of knowledge, but the world is endless and his knowledge is still limited. Those who review the past and learn the new can enlighten the new knowledge from the old news, integrate the old and the new inside and outside, and cope with the infinite changes in the world with "one", so they are capable scholars. Only when you can learn can you teach. The teacher taught him to fish instead of fishing. Reviewing the past and learning the new is the method of "fishing". Be knowledgeable and ask questions, only fish will eat. So the three provinces of Ceng Zi are "unfamiliar?" Its so-called "learning", that is, "reviewing the past and learning the new", whether the knowledge it has learned has been thought and judged by itself and whether it has its own explanation, otherwise it cannot be passed on to others. A person has the ability to review the past and gain new knowledge. He will never forget what he has learned, and he will learn something new every day. Even without waiting for outside help, he can become his own teacher. This is a new solution I created.