Gu Yanwu

"Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world." This is the famous saying of Gu Yanwu, a famous Confucian in the early Qing Dynasty. Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world, which means that the survival of the nation is the responsibility of every citizen. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, when the Eight Banners entered the customs and Gu Yanwu was fighting against the Qing Dynasty and regaining his sight, he felt that the situation was difficult, and he raised his pen to revitalize himself. "Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world" is from his Japanese Records. Gu Yanwu, a native of Kunshan, South Zhili, whose real name is Jiang, whose birth name is Fan Han, and whose alias is Ji Kun and Gui Nian, is loyal and peaceful, and also works as a domestic servant in Shan Jiang. After the defeat of Nandu, he was renamed Yanwu because he admired Wen Tianxiang student Wang Yanwu. Because there is Tinglin Lake next to the former residence, scholars respect Mr. Tinglin. Outstanding thinkers, historians, geographers and phonologists in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, together with Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi, were called "three great Confucianism" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Gu Yanwu traveled all his life, traveling on Wan Li Road and studying in thousands of books, and founded a new method of doing research, which made him a great master in the early Qing Dynasty and was known as the "founder of the Qing Dynasty". Gu Yanwu is knowledgeable, and he has studied the national canon system, anecdotes of counties and cities, astronomical phenomena, rivers and canals, military farmers, hundreds of classics and history, and phonological exegesis. In his later years, he emphasized textual research and started the atmosphere of simple learning in Qing Dynasty. His learning is based on erudition and self-shame, and he combines learning and practice, and studies and studies as one. Poetry is a masterpiece of feeling when it hurts.

Gu Yanwu's research method is revolutionary, and based on it, he developed a new kind of "Pu Xue" and textual research, so he was honored as the founder of "Qing Xue". Gu Yanwu's main contribution to the Qing Dynasty's scholarship is characterized by originality, practicality and extensive quotation.

Gu Yanwu wrote in the preface to Rizhilu: "I have a habit of reading since I was a child, and every time I have an idea, I will record it by hand; In the future, if it is found that there are discrepancies with new materials and new understanding, it will be revised repeatedly; If you find that it is similar to what the ancients thought, simply delete it. " Gu Yanwu does not borrow anything from others in his writings.

Gu Yanwu, like the heart of Confucius, is determined that "all articles should be related to the purposes of Poetry, Book, Rite, Music, Spring and Autumn Annals and Book of Changes, or they would rather not be written". He didn't agree that the Ming scholars were divorced from the real society and talked loudly, and emphasized that knowledge should be closely linked with the world, and theory should be applied to practice.

Every conclusion summarized by Gu Yanwu is based on a thorough study of every fact and finding sufficient supporting evidence. Therefore, his works are rich in annotations, profound expositions, profound and consistent. He pays special attention to the primary data and secondary data as supporting evidence. If there is no primary data or secondary data, he will look for other evidence. Therefore, his research method is almost the standard of modern historical textual research.