First, strengthen medical ethics education based on students' own situation.
Medical students are active in thinking, and medical ethics education should fully consider the ideological characteristics of medical students to carry out medical ethics education and establish medical ethics awareness of medical students.
(A) to enhance the enthusiasm of students to improve medical ethics.
To improve teachers' enthusiasm, we must first follow the educational and teaching law of combining teachers' leading role with students' main role, attach importance to developing students' thinking and cultivate students' medical ethics. Focus on improving students' moral cognition, judgment, internalization and practical ability, and help students improve their medical ethics [Song Maoyin, Cheng Lesen, Xu]. Medical ethics education in medical colleges must face medical practice [J]. China Higher Medical Education, 2007(2)].
Contemporary college students are active in thinking and don't like empty and rambling preaching. In teaching, teachers must be based on the reality of medical students' study and life, combine the characteristics of the times, integrate into current events, and start with what happens around them to strengthen education. While imparting book knowledge, we can fully combine examples. For example, the discussion on medical ethics caused by the killing time of graduate students in Peking University Affiliated Hospital in 2009 is a vivid teaching material. You can also use papers, reviews, movies and other channels to convey updated information to students. This can not only arouse students' enthusiasm and reaction ability, but also help students keep up with the pace of society.
(two) according to the needs of students, targeted medical ethics education.
Moral education should face the new understanding of money interests and the change of moral concept under the condition of market economy, and do moral education well by solving students' practical problems. The establishment of pluralistic value orientation under the condition of market economy requires us to treat different levels of behavior differently and carry out corresponding medical ethics education for different levels of behavior.
In terms of teaching pertinence, strengthening the pertinence of medical ethics education mainly includes: aiming at the influence of extreme individualism, educating medical students to focus on the interests of the country and the people and establish a collectivist outlook on life; In view of the influence of money worship, medical students should be educated to clarify their medical purpose, uphold the humanistic spirit of socialist medicine, and establish a noble sentiment of not greedy for money and not seeking remuneration; In view of the influence of hedonism, medical students are educated to establish the will quality of being fearless and tireless; In view of the fact that most post-90s medical students are only children, their personal practical ability is poor, and they are psychologically fragile, we should focus on cultivating students' sense of responsibility, compassion and good conscience, and educate students to handle problems in life, study and love, as well as psychological and ethical contradictions under the guidance of correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, so that they can cultivate themselves into medical talents with good medical ethics through comprehensive study and efforts.
Second, strengthen the curriculum construction of medical ethics education.
Strengthening medical ethics education for medical college students, curriculum construction is an important aspect.
(A) improve the teaching content and means of medical ethics education courses
In the process of teaching, we should actively carry out the reform of teaching content, teaching methods and teaching means, closely combine the ideological and political education of college students with the medical ethics education of medical students, and make them have good moral cultivation, broad mind and lofty ideals.
Under the condition of market economy, combined with the characteristics of medical students, the scientific theory of socialist core value system is introduced into textbooks, classrooms and clinics, so that medical ethics education runs through the whole process of medical students' training. In the existing theoretical system of medical ethics in China, many traditional medical ethics spirits, such as kindness to save people and sincerity to save the world; Ji Bo medical source, diligent; Indifferent to fame and fortune, pay attention to integrity; Regardless of rank, treat equally; Respect each other, be modest and prudent; Modesty, generosity and gentleness all occupy a very important position. They are the essence of our Chinese culture accumulated for thousands of years, and we should naturally inherit and carry forward them. On the other hand, we should boldly learn from and absorb the achievements of foreign medical ethics education, such as humanitarianism, contemporary medical ethics based on deontology, human rights and public welfare, and the principles of life value, kindness, justice, autonomy and no harm can all be learned and applied. Combining traditional medical ethics with modern medical ethics theory is helpful to explore a new curriculum system of medical ethics education.
The means and methods of medical ethics education need to be optimized. Mainly: medical ethics education should "feel" people with emotion, "convince" people with reason and "move" people with examples. In teaching, we should adhere to the principle of guiding people with correct medical ethics, shaping people with noble medical ethics and ideological theory, and inspiring people with excellent medical and health "first model" figures; In teaching, we should strengthen three orientations, namely, aiming at the self-inclination of students' medical value orientation, strengthening the orientation of guiding the integration of their value orientation; In view of students' intuitive and superficial medical cognition, strengthening their cognitive style tends to be deep and rational; In view of the fuzziness of students' choice of medical treatment behavior, we should strengthen and guide the standardization of their behavior choice. On this basis, two-way or multi-way comprehensive teaching methods such as classroom teaching, video teaching, case discussion and analysis, special lectures or speeches, special discussions or debates, community hospital practice with problems, and social medical services are adopted to improve the timeliness of teaching, the integration of knowledge and practice, and the combination of theory and practice, thus truly transforming exam-oriented education into quality education.
(2) Attach importance to the construction of humanities courses and strengthen the construction of medical ethics education courses.
Humanities course is an important support in the curriculum system of medical ethics education, and its position can not be ignored.
1, adapt to the transformation of medical model and strengthen the construction of humanities courses.
With the rapid development of medical science, the current medical model has changed from modern biomedical model to modern bio-psychological-social model. Under the current model, the requirements for medical talents are compound medical talents with high competitiveness, high adaptability, innovation and both ability and political integrity. To improve the comprehensive quality of medical students, it is necessary to carry out humanistic quality education for medical students and promote their all-round development.
For a long time, China's medical education has paid too much attention to professional knowledge education and neglected humanities education, and the proportion of curriculum is unreasonable. Medical ethics education should always run through the whole process of medical education, and the curriculum should change from professional quality education to comprehensive quality education, from focusing on acquiring knowledge education to strengthening healthy personality education, so as to achieve the goal of unifying medical courses and humanities courses.
2. Establish a perfect curriculum system of medical ethics education.
Medical colleges and universities should establish a perfect medical ethics education system, which runs through the whole education process. It is the training content of medical colleges in the whole medical education stage to make medical students have correct motivation, medical ethics consciousness and social responsibility.
Professional medical ethics education should start from the beginning of medical students' admission. Through the study and discussion of medical students' vows, the sense of mission of medical students can be enhanced; Using multimedia, electronic display screen, statues, sculptures and other propaganda means, the images and famous sayings of medical experts and famous doctors are displayed in campuses and hospitals, creating a humanistic environment for medical students to study and live, so that doctors and medical students can set an example and pursue their goals, thus motivating themselves. In addition to general teaching activities, medical ethics education can also be infiltrated through teacher-student discussions, education aid meetings, psychological counseling, amateur league schools, humanities lectures, etc. Will have an impact on the sustainability of medical students.
In curriculum design, compulsory courses are combined with elective courses, classroom teaching is combined with practical teaching, and positive education is combined with negative examples. A curriculum system covering all aspects of medical education is established, which is mainly based on ideological and political courses and medical ethics courses, supplemented by various medical professional courses.
Third, strengthen the construction of medical ethics education teachers.
Teachers play a key role in students' professional personality and medical ethics education. The process of teachers' preaching, teaching and solving doubts is also a process of showing teachers' personality strength such as ideals, beliefs, sentiments and upbringing. Teacher education is the cause of shaping another personality with one personality, and the teacher's personality charm is a huge educational resource, which can play a unique educational function.
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Therefore, medical college teachers and clinical teaching teachers should constantly improve their academic level, ideological sentiment and moral cultivation, constantly improve their personality, be a model in their work, love their jobs, care for their students, cultivate their sentiment, enlighten their minds, purify their quality, optimize their personality, and promote the formation of their healthy personality [Shi Yujie, Gao]. Reflections on current medical students' medical ethics education
(A) to strengthen the construction of medical ethics education full-time teachers.
Full-time teachers are the most basic part of medical ethics education teachers, and strengthening the construction of full-time medical ethics education teachers is the basic link of the whole medical ethics education teachers. Constantly improve teachers' moral quality and professional ability. The quality and ability of teachers directly affect the implementation effect of medical ethics education. Teachers should not only rely on their rich knowledge, profound thoughts and original opinions, but also rely on their perfect personality and noble sentiments to infect and influence students. Teachers should first be strict with themselves and set an example for students, which is worthy of the sacred title of teachers. Don't be lazy in learning, strive to improve the theoretical level, consciously participate in social practice, expand knowledge and improve comprehensive quality. Only with high moral quality can we receive ideal results in teaching, appeal to students in daily activities, and play a role as an example and influence [Shan Zengchun. Analysis on the unfavorable factors of moral education for medical students [J]. Medicine and Society, 2006(3)]. Establishing a strong team of student counselors is an important guarantee to implement the content of ideological and political education for medical students, and attaching importance to and strengthening the level of medical ethics education for counselors is a powerful means to implement the content of medical ethics education for medical students.
(2) Strengthen the construction of part-time teachers in medical ethics education.
Part-time teachers in medical ethics education are not as stable as full-time teachers. However, due to its subtle educational function, it often plays an unexpected role in medical ethics education. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of part-time teachers of medical ethics education. There are many experienced teachers in professional skills courses and medical practice courses. Combining their struggles and fruitful achievements as the theme of humanistic quality education, we can receive good demonstration education results. Clinical practice is inseparable from the guidance of teachers. Teachers should set an example for medical students' medical ethics education. They should always standardize their words and deeds with lofty medical ethics standards and infect students with teachers' personality charm. For example, they should treat patients kindly, patiently, seriously and responsibly in the communication between doctors and patients, and achieve tangible educational results with silent actions. The quality of medical ethics education of party and government management cadres and teachers plays an important role in the implementation of medical ethics education in schools. Some of them are part-time teachers of medical ethics education courses and directly participate in the implementation process of medical ethics education. Therefore, strengthening the construction of this part of the teaching staff is an important link in the construction of medical ethics education teachers in medical colleges.
Fourthly, optimize the campus environment of medical ethics education.
The educational environment is often to let the educated accept the values and beliefs transmitted by the educators in the hidden education. To strengthen medical students' medical ethics education, we must optimize the campus environment of medical ethics education. In the construction of campus culture, we should create a natural, harmonious, positive and healthy atmosphere, guide medical students to pursue truth, goodness and beauty, combine medical ethics education with campus culture construction, play the role of propaganda and public opinion, and let medical students receive education through hearing and hearing as the carrier to promote the formation of medical ethics quality of medical students.
(a) to strengthen the school's medical ethics tradition and school spirit, style of study.
Some medical colleges and universities are founded by some outstanding medical experts, and many medical colleges and universities have emerged a large number of medical talents with noble medical ethics and superb medical skills in every historical stage of their development. The legacy of ancestors and the demonstration of alumni have created a medical ethics tradition in a medical college and formed a good style of study, which has been passed down and carried forward by medical students from generation to generation. Consciously strengthening these aspects in the construction of campus culture is of great benefit to optimizing the campus environment of medical ethics education.
(B) to strengthen the construction of medical ethics education system
Medical ethics education system is the premise and guarantee of implementing medical ethics education practice, and it is an integral part of the soft environment of medical ethics education. We can strengthen the construction of medical ethics education system from the following aspects:
1, medical ethics education is clearly defined in the training plan.
Training scheme is an important teaching system to guide the teaching implementation in medical colleges. Defining the content of medical ethics education in the talent training program can directly guide the design and implementation of medical ethics courses in the whole medical education process, and has an immediate institutional effect on strengthening medical ethics education for medical college students. In the process of making teaching plan, it can be made clear that all kinds of courses have the purpose of medical ethics education.
2. Improve the evaluation and supervision system of medical students' medical ethics.
Medical students' medical ethics examination can be carried out in stages. In the theoretical study stage, the assessment basis is mainly medical ethics course examination and moral conduct score. In the clinical practice stage, the current medical ethics assessment and supervision system is still relatively lacking and needs to be gradually improved. After the internship, medical students should be assessed for their professional ability and medical ethics before graduation. There are many methods to evaluate the level of medical ethics, such as writing medical ethics experience, investigation report and case analysis. At the same time, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the usual work performance of medical students. On the basis of assessment, we must strictly implement the reward and punishment incentive mechanism, vigorously carry forward and commend excellent medical ethics and encourage everyone to strive for Excellence. Give corresponding economic punishment to bad medical ethics or exert public opinion influence to create a good medical ethics atmosphere. By improving the medical ethics examination and supervision system of interns, we can effectively restrain and supervise the medical ethics behavior of interns, so as to achieve the heteronomy effect of medical ethics.
3. Establish medical college students' medical ethics file system.
Medical colleges and universities can establish medical ethics files to record medical students' self-moral evaluation, medical ethics learning experience and feelings, participation in medical ethics practice, mutual moral evaluation results among students, violation of school rules and regulations, etc., so as to provide external power support for medical students to learn medical ethics related knowledge and participate in medical ethics practice. Making good use of medical ethics files can promote the effectiveness of medical ethics education in medical colleges.
4. Establish an evaluation system for medical students' medical ethics education.
Establish an evaluation system for the effect of medical ethics education and evaluate the effect of medical ethics education. A reasonable and complete evaluation system can enhance the effectiveness of medical ethics education. The ultimate goal of medical ethics education is to transform medical students into medical talents with noble medical ethics and improve the comprehensive quality of medical theory and medical adaptability. Around this goal, examination, assessment, evaluation or inspection and evaluation of educational and teaching achievements have a strong guiding role and play a "baton" role. Through the evaluation of medical ethics, students can further distinguish right from wrong, master the code of conduct, strengthen the acquired good medical ethics, and correct the bad medical ethics knowledge and behavior. The implementation of medical ethics evaluation is usually carried out through competitions and character evaluation.
5. Establish an incentive mechanism for medical ethics education.
It is necessary to establish an incentive mechanism for medical ethics education, standardize various reward and punishment systems, take corresponding promotion measures, combine administrative means with economic means, reward teachers and students who practice excellent medical ethics and vigorously publicize them, and resolutely punish acts that violate medical ethics principles and norms. Strengthening the formation of medical ethics quality from both positive and negative aspects can effectively play the internal motivation and external demonstration role of role models.