Explanatory writing is an article genre that takes explanation as the main expression and gives people knowledge by explaining things and clarifying things. It explains the characteristics, essence and regularity of things by revealing concepts. Explanatory text generally introduces the shape, structure, category, relationship and function of things, and explains the principle, significance, characteristics and evolution of things. Descriptive words are very practical, including advertisements, instructions, abstracts, tips, rules, articles of association, comments, scientific sketches and so on.
catalogue
brief introduction
trait
Basic attribute classification
trait
Description order
continuously
chronological order
Space order
Reading methods of expository texts
Structure of expository text
Interpretation method 1. example
Compare
definition
4. Histogram
5. Interpretation (also called interpretation)
For example.
Step 7 imitate
8. Quotation information
9. Classification
10. Column number
Master the object and characteristics of interpretation
Sort out the structure and analyze the interpretation order.
Analytical interpretation method
Linguistic characteristics of experiential expository writing
Pay attention to extract the original text.
General introduction method
1. Summary formula
2. Descriptive expression
ask questions
4. Definition
Structural thinking of concrete explanation
1. Arrange the structure according to the self-organization of the description object.
2. Arrange the structure according to people's understanding of the object.
Analysis of related questions in expository examination
Typical case analysis
Linguistic analysis of expository writing
Analytic exposition 1, combined with exposition method
2, combined with rhetoric.
3, combined with expressions.
Functional test sites and countermeasures of explanatory paragraphs
One of the test sites: the object of explanation
Test site 2: Explain the characteristics of objects.
The third test site: explanation method
Test site 4: Explain the order
The fifth test site: explaining the language
Problem solving thinking and skills
(a) clearly stated object:
(2) Grasp the characteristics of things:
(3) Methods of induction and explanation:
(4) Summarize the main points paragraph by paragraph, and clearly explain the order:
(E) the overall perception, grasp the center:
(six) experience the accuracy of the language:
Nine methods (1) explain the summary method at the end of the text.
(2) exclamation method.
(3) Prospect method.
(4) Identification method.
(5) Call the method.
(6) rhetorical questions.
(7) metaphor.
(8) Describe the method.
(9) Side filling method.
brief introduction
trait
Basic attribute classification
trait
Description order
continuously
chronological order
Space order
Reading methods of expository texts
Structure of expository text
Interpretation method 1. example
Compare
definition
4. Histogram
5. Interpretation (also called interpretation)
For example.
Step 7 imitate
8. Quotation information
9. Classification
10. Column number
Master the object and characteristics of interpretation
Sort out the structure and analyze the interpretation order.
Analytical interpretation method
Linguistic characteristics of experiential expository writing
Pay attention to extract the original text.
General introduction method
1. Summary formula
2. Descriptive expression
ask questions
4. Definition
Structural thinking of concrete explanation
1. Arrange the structure according to the self-organization of the description object.
2. Arrange the structure according to people's understanding of the object.
Analysis of related questions in expository examination
Typical case analysis
Linguistic analysis of expository writing
Analytic exposition 1, combined with exposition method
2, combined with rhetoric.
3, combined with expressions.
Explain the function of paragraphs.
One of the test sites and countermeasures: the second test site: the characteristics of the object; the third test site: the method of explanation; the fourth test site: the ideas and skills of language problem solving; the fifth test site: (1) Defining the object of explanation: (2) Grasping the characteristics of things: (3) Summarizing the method of explanation: (4) Summarizing the main points paragraph by paragraph and sorting out the order of explanation: (5) Overall perception and grasping the center: (5)
(1) summary method (2) exclamation method. (3) Prospect method. (4) Identification method. (5) Call the method. (6) rhetorical questions. (7) metaphor. (8) Describe the method. (9) Side filling method. Expand and edit this introduction.
The so-called expository article is an article that explains things, explains things and gives people knowledge with explanation as the main expression.
Interpretation, or the explanation of abstract arrangement, enables people to understand the shape, structure, nature, type, cause, function, relationship or concept, characteristics, source, evolution, similarities and differences of things, so as to obtain relevant knowledge. classify
According to different standards, explanatory texts can be divided into different categories: 1. According to the different objects and purposes of explanation, explanatory texts can be divided into two categories: things explanatory texts and things explanatory texts. However, sometimes in an explanatory article, introducing things and explaining things are often used interchangeably. The object of interpretation of things is concrete things. By objectively and accurately explaining the shape, structure, nature, characteristics and uses of specific things, readers can understand and understand this or this kind of things. The explanatory object of narrative text is abstract. The main purpose of this paper is to clarify the causes, relationships and principles of abstract things, so that readers can know what they are, why they are, and why this thing is like this. Therefore, whether it is the elaboration of things or the elaboration of things, the author is required to truly introduce the object of explanation, among which we feel the scientific spirit in the article. Material exposition is a stylistic form that introduces things in detail, and material exposition is a stylistic form that introduces truth in detail. The difference is that the former is aimed at things, while the latter is aimed at truth. The object of explanation is what you want to explain. The difference between argumentative writing, expository writing and expository writing: the explanatory object of expository writing is generally concrete things, such as the explanatory object of expository writing in Zhou Nan June Litchi Dan is generally abstract things. This kind of expository text mainly explains the essence of things, the internal relations between things or the causes of such problems. For example, the argumentative essay "Man's Language" is also called argumentative essay, which is to argue and discuss right and wrong. The author expounds his point of view through factual materials and logical reasoning, and shows what he is for or against. 2. According to the different characteristics of the language and the different usage of the expression, the expository text can be divided into simple expository text and vivid expository text. Vivid exposition is also called literary exposition. Literary discourses are discourses that introduce scientific knowledge through literary forms.
trait
Although expository writing is a kind of writing with explanation as the main expression, it cannot successfully complete the task of introducing and explaining things to readers without the proper cooperation of other expressions (such as narration, discussion and description). From the perspective of learning to write expository writing, if we can understand the important role of comprehensive expression in expository writing, and pay attention to the accurate use of narrative, discussion and other ways to assist interpretation, expository writing can be brilliant. The characteristic of expository writing is "saying", which has certain knowledge. This kind of knowledge, whether it comes from relevant scientific research materials or from personal practice, investigation and investigation, is strictly scientific. If we want to make things clear, we must grasp the characteristics of things and then reveal the essential attributes of things, that is, we must explain not only "what" but also "why". Generally speaking, the application of explanatory text only needs to explain the characteristics of things, and explanatory text must reveal the origin and essence of the problem. Explanatory writing is a style that objectively explains things, with the purpose of giving people knowledge: or explaining the state, nature and function of things, or clarifying things. Chinese stone arch bridge belongs to the latter. Taking Zhao Zhouqiao and Lugou Bridge as examples, the characteristics of Chinese stone arch bridges are illustrated, which are not only beautiful in shape, but also firm in structure. Language of Nature belongs to the former, and the article scientifically explains the knowledge of phenology. Explaining the characteristics of things and clarifying things are two types of expository writing. In order to explain the characteristics of things clearly, or to explain things clearly, there must be appropriate interpretation methods. Common interpretation methods include examples, classification, comparison, listing charts (graphs), definitions, explanations, quoting data, analogy, imitating appearances, quoting, assumptions and so on. The best method should be chosen according to the object of explanation and the purpose of writing. On the one hand, it obeys the needs of the content, on the other hand, the author has the freedom of choice. Whether to adopt a certain interpretation method or a variety of interpretation methods, whether to adopt this interpretation method or that interpretation method, can be flexible, not fixed.
Description order
Instructions should be in order, which is a necessary condition to make the contents of the instructions organized. The common order of interpretation is: chronological order, spatial order, logical order. The chronological order of description is similar to that of narration. Spatial order, we should pay special attention to the location of space, pay attention to the location and direction of things, such as inside and outside, size, up and down, front and back, left and right, southeast and northwest. Logical order, usually expressed by reasoning process. What order is adopted mainly depends on the characteristics of the objects expounded by the author. Explain the development and changes of things, and the time sequence is easy to express clearly. It is difficult for readers to understand the structure of buildings without spatial order. Explain things in logical order, so as to reflect the internal relations of things.
continuously
Logical order is one of the common interpretation orders. The logical order is to introduce and explain things one by one according to the inherent logical relationship between things, or from the individual to the general, or from the concrete to the abstract, or from the main to the secondary, or from the phenomenon to the essence, or from the cause to the result. Whether in kind, such as mountains, rivers, flowers, trees, utensils and so on. , or abstract things, such as ideas, ideas, concepts, principles, technologies, etc. It is suitable to explain all kinds of causal relationships or other logical relationships between things in logical order, and it is most appropriate to write in logical order. The logical order of interpretation refers to determining the order of interpretation content according to the relationship between things or parts within things. Although the relationship between things is complex, there is always cause and effect, general, individual, universal and special. According to these, the author arranges the order of explaining the content, which is convenient to explain the relationship between things clearly and introduce the complex content in an orderly way. The logical order is mainly divided into 12-from cause to effect, from primary to secondary, from whole to part.
chronological order
Time series is one of the common narrative and explanatory sequences in articles. That is, the order of interpretation of things is introduced according to the order of development of things. The development and change of everything is inseparable from time, such as explaining production technology, product making, working methods, historical development, text evolution, character growth, animal and plant growth and so on. , in chronological order. Proper use of chronological order in the article can make the finishing point, explain clearly and make readers see at a glance, so chronological order in the article is also a unique skill.
Space order
Spatial order. That is, according to the order of the spatial structure of things, or from the outside to the inside, or from top to bottom, or from the whole to the part, this interpretation order is conducive to comprehensively explaining the characteristics of all aspects of things. This order is usually used to describe static entities (such as buildings). The story of the nuclear ship in our textbook is written according to spatial order of the hull-bow-stern-stern, and the Jinci in Liang Heng describes Notre Dame-colonnade-roof-colonnade; The Palace Museum first summarizes the general features of the Forbidden City buildings in the order of "general first" and then introduces the Taihe Gate, Taihe Hall, Zhonghe Hall, Baohe Hall and Gan Qing Palace in detail. When introducing each building, we follow the order of first outside and then inside, first up and then down. This arrangement conforms to people's habit of observing things and is the most reasonable in all the sequences. Spatial order explains the structure of things or buildings in the order of spatial parts. This order is often used to explain group things.
Reading methods of expository texts
Explanatory genre
Explanatory text takes "explanation" as the main expression and teaching scientific knowledge as the fundamental task, introducing things, clarifying things and explaining the laws of their movement, change and development. Therefore, when reading this kind of article, it is natural to grasp the object of explanation and its characteristics and see how it is "said". For example, the article "Wonderful Clone" in Unit 5 of Grade 6 last semester may be read three times: First, read the outline-grasp the explanation points as a whole. The purpose of writing is to tell the reader something or something. The knowledge conveyed by the author is explanation, which is the central idea of plain text. So how to grasp it? There are three main methods: first, you can grasp the title of the article and make the main points clear. As the saying goes, "the title is the eye of the article", and the title of the explanatory text often reveals the center of the explanation. First look at the general title: "Wonderful Cloning", which shows that this is a knowledge introduction about magical cloning technology and reveals the secret of "cloning"; Looking at the content again, the full text uses four subheadings: what is cloning, cloning sheep "Dolly" before and after the birth of crucian carp, and cloning technology benefits mankind. Just browse the subtitle of the text and you will have a general understanding of the content of the text. Secondly, we can grasp the structure of the article and summarize the main points of explanation. General expositions tend to focus on a main issue or content, while some expositions need us to summarize the small explanatory points to form the explanatory points of the full text. For example, Wonderful Cloning uses a parallel structure to explain cloning from different aspects. In addition to the subheadings we mentioned earlier (or like some articles without subheadings), we can also summarize them according to the content structure of four parts. That is the significance, experiment, development and benefits of cloning. In addition, you can grasp the order of explanation and make the main points clear. Everything has its own order, and people know things according to a certain order, so sorting out the order of articles is helpful to clarify the center of explanation. For example, this passage mainly expounds things, and undoubtedly adopts a logical order: first write the meaning of cloning, then write the experiment of cloning, then write the development of cloning, and finally write the benefits of cloning to human beings and the thinking of cloning. The context of the writing is very clear, indicating that things are proceeding step by step, and the center of the article is clear at a glance. Second, reading intensive reading analysis-detailed discussion method If you want to explain things clearly and thoroughly, you must be inseparable from the interpretation method. Therefore, when reading expository articles, we should grasp the main methods of expository articles, and make clear the relationship and function of various methods of expository articles, so as to grasp the content and structure of expository articles more accurately. We might as well start from the following two aspects: first, we can extract the interpretation methods of each part from the full text. You might as well make a list and have a look. Second, we can grasp the key paragraphs and analyze the specific explanation methods. For example, in "What is cloning?" The author explains "cloning" in three ways: example, explanation and quotation. Examples: cite familiar examples from plants and animals to make difficult scientific knowledge easy to understand; Interpretation: trace the source of the word cloning and explain it; Quotations: The Journey to the West's story of pulling a handful of monkey hairs into a large group of monkeys vividly illustrates what cloning is all about and makes science and technology interesting. Third, reading taste-capturing the emotional points of chewing, like other styles, explanatory text also "speaks" the author's emotional attitude, which is indispensable for us to understand the text. Wonderful Cloning is a popular science article written by biologist Tan Jiazhen. To learn this text, we should not only understand the cloned scientific and technological achievements, but also learn the spirit of scientists' perseverance and constant climbing on the road of science, and have a preliminary understanding of science as a "double-edged sword". In order to explain what cloning is, the author carefully organized the materials and clearly introduced what cloning is, the development of cloning technology, the birth of Dolly the Sheep and how cloning technology benefits mankind. But the author is not limited to the general knowledge introduction, but incorporates his own appreciation and serious thinking. Specifically, this paper not only introduces us to the scientific knowledge of cloning, but also shows the "scientific spirit" including China scientists, and leads readers to look at the development of science and technology in an all-round way. When reading, we should find out the sentences that can express the rigorous, realistic and persistent attitude and spirit of scientists and appreciate them.
Edit the structure of this paragraph.
1. Structure of explanatory text: coherence, total score, total score, juxtaposition, progression, comparison (structure includes paragraphs). A complete exposition is often a comprehensive application of several structures. 2. Grasp the meaning of the structure.
How to edit this paragraph?
1. Example
Make the article more specific, more convincing and explain things more objectively. Make more abstract and complicated things or things easy to understand and persuasive. Examples must make people feel real.
Compare
Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison.
definition
Defining the essential characteristics of a concept in concise language is called definition. So as to reveal the characteristics/reasons of things more scientifically, essentially and generally. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and is a common method in scientific and technological discussion.
4. Histogram
In order to explain complex things clearly, we can also use charts to make up for the lack of simple words and explain some things more directly and concretely. Make readers understand the characteristics of things at a glance.
5. Interpretation (also called interpretation)
Explain some characteristics of things from one side. This method is called hermeneutics. Give an example ... to illustrate the characteristics of ... ....................................
For example.
By comparing the similarities of two different things, highlighting the shape characteristics of things and enhancing the vividness and vividness of interpretation, it is called analogy interpretation in analogy interpretation, which is consistent with metaphor in rhetoric. Only in this way can the abstract complexity become easy to understand and concrete and vivid. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate. (Comparing ... to ... embodies the characteristics of ...)
Step 7 imitate
In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate the appearance, which is called imitation. (and description should be distinguished. Although the same, but the style is different. )
8. Quotation information
In order to make the content of the explanation more substantial and specific, you can quote materials to explain. The quoted materials range from classic works, famous sayings, formulas and rules, allusions and proverbs.
9. Classification
According to certain standards, the interpreted objects are divided into different categories and explained one by one. This method of explanation is called classification. Help readers master the characteristics and know fairly well.
10. Column number
In order to specify the things to be explained, you can also use the method of enumerating numbers to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures should have reliable basis and try to be approximate. Explanatory writing is a kind of style that introduces and explains things and things with explanation as the main expression. The difference between metaphor and metaphor. Metaphor is just a method of explanation, which is suitable for expository writing. On the other hand, metaphor is a rhetorical device, which can be widely used in various styles, such as argumentative writing, narrative writing, prose and poetry. Metaphor is divided into simile, metaphor and metonymy, and simile and metaphor are often used to replace metonymy. In expository writing, if figurative rhetoric is used in order to concretize abstract things, simplify profound problems and familiarize unfamiliar things, we can also call it "figurative" interpretation method. (But the premise must be to explain and introduce this thing. ) From this perspective, metaphor is analogy. For example, Suzhou Garden: "There are no pines and cypresses trimmed like pagodas, and there are no street trees like military parades. The phrase "a crooked branch is a good painting" uses a rhetorical device of metaphor, which can also be said to be a metaphorical method, and illustrates the characteristics of pruning and planting trees in Suzhou gardens, focusing on painting and paying attention to the interest of nature. For example, the last few paragraphs of the Expo "Laughter" (23-28) "Laughter, you are a flower on your mouth, blooming in the garden around your neck. Laughter is a cloud on the face, dancing in the brow. You are a beautiful sister and an artist's pet. You are a lovely companion ... Laugh, you are a friend who is cured and healthy. You are the driving force for work and production. Laughter is a personal creation and an expression of harmonious feelings in collective life. "Laughter" is a beautiful sentence that the author eulogizes "Laughter" in a poetic way, and it does not belong to the content of explaining or introducing "Laughter". Therefore, these paragraphs only use figurative rhetoric, not figurative interpretation. Analytical exposition
Master the object and characteristics of interpretation
When reading the explanatory text, we should first accurately grasp the explanatory object, so as to distinguish the explanatory text from the explanatory text and further understand the explanatory content. Then we should focus on the characteristics of the object. This is the key to analyzing an expository article. Only by accurately grasping the characteristics of the object of interpretation can we deeply understand the object of interpretation, and take this as a breakthrough to clarify the structural level and central content of the article. To accurately grasp the characteristics of the object of interpretation, we must read and understand the content of the text carefully, especially pay attention to carefully trying to figure out the key words (central sentences, turning sentences, sentences reflecting the author's thoughts and repeated sentences in the article).
Sort out the structure and analyze the interpretation order.
The structure of explanatory text is not complicated. Common structural forms are "total-sub" type, "total-sub-total" type, "sub-total" type, parallel type and progressive type. Clarifying the structure can help us understand the author's ideas and the main points of the content more clearly. The order of interpretation is varied. What kind of interpretation order is adopted depends on the characteristics of the object of interpretation and the purpose of interpretation. There are three commonly used interpretation orders: chronological order, spatial order and logical order. Sometimes an article can use several interpretation orders alternately, such as the article "China Stone Arch Bridge", which is interpreted in the logical order of generalization first, concreteness first, whole first and part second in addition to the chronological order of ancient and modern times. All kinds of sequences have certain symbols in language. Mastering the language with certain symbolic function when reading can analyze and explain the order more smoothly. In a word, the structure and order of expository texts are inseparable and complementary, and the analysis can be carried out at the same time.
Analytical interpretation method
In order to explain the characteristics of things clearly, appropriate interpretation methods must be adopted. Common explanation methods include examples, figures, analogy, comparison, classification, definition, explanation, charts and so on. When reading the explanatory text, we can understand its explanation method. First of all, it depends on what interpretation method is used, what object is explained, and what role it plays. Second, it depends on what language form is used to express the interpretation method. Only in this way can the analysis be thorough and solid.
Linguistic characteristics of experiential expository writing
Accuracy and conciseness are the main characteristics of expository writing. Of course, the language style of expository writing is also varied, each with its own characteristics, some of which are good at simplicity and some are good at liveliness. Based on this, it can be summarized into two ways: simple explanation and vivid explanation. Generally speaking, an expository text that focuses on explaining things focuses on grasping the characteristics of things and explaining them in concise language. Scientific sketches, which are interesting and literary, need vivid explanations.
Pay attention to extract the original text.
Without raw materials, I'm afraid no one can answer correctly or completely. Therefore, the most important and effective way to answer the reading questions accurately is to find the answers in the original text. Most questions can be answered in the article. Of course, the sentences you find are not necessarily used directly, so you must process them according to the requirements of the topic, or extract words or compress the trunk, extract the main points or reorganize them. Even if you summarize the whole paragraph, you should make full use of the original text. It should also be noted that many students have strong memory ability of basic knowledge, but weak transfer ability, especially the contextual meaning and function of words, words and sentences. Here is the solution of the 16-character formula for your reference. 1, word for word. Polysemy is very common in Chinese. When understanding the meaning of a word in a word, we must put it into this word to investigate, that is to say, this word can not be separated from this word, so as to accurately understand the meaning of this word. Such as: hearsay, Tao, pointing to Tao; Like-minded, Tao, meaning truth II. Words and sentences are inseparable. In comprehensive reading questions, it is often required to understand the meaning and function of words in the context. This request has the following aspects: polysemy. This is very common in classical Chinese. Such as: policy is not driven by its way, policy and drive; In the face of strategy, strategy and whip are mostly manifested as contextual meanings in modern texts. These should be inferred according to the specific language environment, that is, the sentence itself, that is, words and sentences are inseparable. For example, the original meaning of the word "meet the teacher" means making polite remarks and teaching (me). It has different meanings in different language environments. In the article "Ju", I quoted the previous "teaching" to butcher Hu, saying that "the father-in-law is knowledgeable". As for the expressive function of a word in a sentence, we should understand it according to the specific language environment, rather than explain it separately from the sentence. 3. The sentence does not leave the paragraph. In other words, the analysis and understanding of sentences can not be separated from specific paragraphs and specific language environment. If we leave the specific paragraphs and the specific language environment, many sentences can only be understood in a narrow sense or even incomprehensible. Only by combining specific paragraphs and language environment will we know what position this sentence occupies in the full text. 4, the paragraph does not leave the body. Paragraph is an integral part of the article, which embodies the author's writing thought. Therefore, the reading comprehension of paragraphs cannot be divorced from the main idea and the center of the article. Otherwise, the understanding of the content or function of the paragraph will be biased.
General introduction method
1. Summary formula
At the beginning, introduce the general situation of things in concise language, giving people an overall image. For example, the Palace Museum started like this: in the center of Beijing, there is a city within a city, which is the Forbidden City. Now people call it the Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum. The Forbidden City is the imperial palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is the largest and most complete ancient palace complex in China with a history of more than 500 years. The beginning introduces the geographical location, name, nature and age of the Palace Museum. Through the general introduction, we can have a general understanding of the Palace Museum.
2. Descriptive expression
Describe the characteristics or state of things at the beginning, so that readers have an intuitive overall understanding. For example, it is described at the beginning of China Stone Arch Bridge that the bridge opening of the stone arch bridge is curved, just like a rainbow. According to ancient mythology, the rainbow is a "bridge connecting heaven and earth" after rain, and you can go to heaven through the rainbow. Chinese poets compare the arch bridge to a rainbow, saying that the arch bridge is "lying rainbow" and "flying rainbow", and describing the water arch bridge as "Changhong lying wave". Firstly, the state characteristics of the bridge hole, an important part of the stone arch bridge, are described, and then this feature is supplemented by myths and legends and poets' descriptions of the stone arch bridge.
ask questions
Asking questions at the beginning can stimulate readers' thirst for knowledge and interest, and they are eager to know things or things. For example, the first paragraph of Why Flowers Are So Red. By describing the brightness and beauty of safflower, it is natural to ask the question "Why are flowers so red", so that people can understand the reasons and explore the knowledge under the author's specific explanation.
4. Definition
Begin to define things, prompt the connotation (essential characteristics) and extension (including scope) of things, and let people know the essence of things. For example, the beginning of the Overall Planning Law defines things like this: "The Overall Planning Law is a mathematical method for arranging the work process, and its practical scope is extremely wide."
Structural thinking of concrete explanation
1. Arrange the structure according to the self-organization of the description object.
Everything has its own organizational rules. Grasping this law and arranging the structure accordingly can make the content of the explanation orderly and clear. Generally speaking, the organization of movement, change and development of things is expressed in chronological order, and different times have different forms, so the structure can be arranged in chronological order when explaining. For example, books from Oracle Bone Inscriptions to microfilm are arranged in chronological order. First write the embryonic form of the book, then write the formal book, and finally write the modern book, thus the evolution and development process of the manual. Things at rest, such as buildings, places of interest, objects, etc. , often reflect its order from the spatial position. To explain this kind of things, we should press spatial order, first table, then inside, first table, then inside. For example, the Palace Museum describes an ancient architectural complex, which is in a certain spatial orientation and arranged in an orderly manner. The internal building has two main buildings. According to the spatial position, the article first writes the external city gate, then the buildings in the city, and when writing the interior, it writes the lords first, then the times. The whole article is well organized.
2. Arrange the structure according to people's understanding of the object.
Explanatory objects that are unfamiliar to readers and difficult for readers to understand are often from concrete to abstract, from superficial phenomena to internal reasons. From the individual to the universal. In the concrete explanation, it is advisable to write the state first, then the function or reason, and finally reveal the nature and characteristics. For example, the Dead Sea is a rational exposition, and the specific explanation part begins with a phenomenon: it is said that about two thousand years ago, the Roman commander-in-chief Imperial City threw the captive slaves into the Dead Sea, but the slaves were safe and sound. Then explain the reason, this is because the salinity of the dead sea water is very high. Then the cause of the Dead Sea is further explained, indicating that it is the result of natural changes in the first place. This explanation is easy for readers to understand. For things or things familiar to readers, we can give a general explanation first, and then describe individual phenomena. This kind of writing should first write the nature and characteristics, and then write the state, so that people can have an overall understanding of things or things, and then understand them in detail. For example, Suzhou gardens, most readers know gardens, but Suzhou gardens are different from other gardens. Therefore, when writing, we should first state its different nature and characteristics, and then specifically say its form. This structural arrangement helps readers to understand things as soon as possible.