Fan Wenzheng, the public defender of Yizhou, took the lieutenant upstairs to buy wine in his spare time, but he didn't carry the coffin. He saw several people who managed funeral appliances. He asked in a hurry, but the scholar who lived in Yizhou died. His funeral was near him, and there was no coffin.
Note ① Yizhou: the name of Guzhou, located in present-day Shaanxi. ② Easy: wine glasses. 3 clothing: mourning, that is, wearing mourning. 4 management: preparation. ⑤ Literati living in residence: Literati living far away from their hometown. ⑤ Easy: Buried and mourned.
Cultural common sense
Posthumous title, the aforementioned Fan Wenzheng, was Fan Zhongyan, a statesman and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. After his death, the imperial court posthumous title was called "Zheng Wen", so later generations respectfully called him Fan Wenzheng. Another example is Bao Zheng in the Song Dynasty. After his death, posthumous title was "filial", so later people called him Bao Xiao Su. Yue Fei posthumous title is called "Wu Mu", so it is also called * * Mu; Xu Guangqi, posthumous title, was named "Wen Ding" in Ming Dynasty, so it was also called Xu Wending. Posthumous title in Ji Yun in Qing Dynasty was called Wenda, so it was also called Ji Wenda.
Test center/site
(1) Guard (2) Death (3) Funeral (4) Crying (5)
2. Translation: ① In spare time, lead subordinates to buy wine in the building; (2) The public is eager to ask.
3. There are several understandings of "fairness", which one is correct?
(1) everyone regrets; (2) Everyone is sad; 3 Fan Zhongyan's sad look; (4) Fan Zhongyan's silence.
4. Understanding: This incident can be used to prove a famous saying of Fan Zhongyan in Yueyang Tower:
Once upon a time, the ancient holy king ruled the world and must put public interests first. As long as it is in the public interest, the world will be peaceful. Peace comes from the public interest.
When Bo Qin, the son of Duke Zhou, was about to take office, he asked his father about the general plan of governing Lu. Duke Zhou said, "Being a politician benefits the people, not (only) self-interest." The Chu people lost their bows and arrows but refused to look for them. He said, "If the Chu people lost their bows and arrows, why should they look for them?" Confucius listened and said, "It would be nice to get rid of the kingdom of Jingchu." Lao Dan listened to Confucius and said, "It is good to get rid of the restrictions of' people'." Therefore, Lao Dan is the most enthusiastic person for public welfare. Heaven and earth are big enough to give birth to all things without taking them as their own children; Make everything grow, not take it for yourself. Everything enjoys the benefits of heaven and earth, but I don't know where these come from. This is the virtue of three emperors and five emperors.
Guan Zhong was seriously ill, and Qi Huangong went to meet him and said, "Guan Zhong, your illness is even worse, and it is inevitable for the domestic people. Who will I entrust my country to? "
Guan Zhong replied: "I tried my best before, but I still don't know who I can entrust my country to. Now I am seriously ill and my life is at stake. How can I tell? " Qi Huangong said: "This is a national event. I look forward to your advice. "
Guan Zhong respectfully replied, "Who do you want to be the prime minister?" Qi Huangong said; "Is the bag all right?"
Guan Zhong replied, "No.Bao and I have a good friendship. Bao is honest. When he sees people different from himself, he won't approach others. Once you hear about other people's mistakes, you will never forget them. " Qi Huangong said, "If necessary, what about Peng Ji?" Guan Zhong replied: "Peng Ji is a person who admires people who are better than himself, exhorts those who can't catch up, is ashamed of not catching up with the Yellow Emperor, and expresses sympathy for those who can't catch up;" He doesn't ask the details of national politics; He is particularly ignorant of things; For people, don't deliberately find small faults. If I have to recommend a candidate for prime minister, it is appropriate to be friends. " The prime minister of a country is a big official. When you become a big official, don't just look at small things, don't be smart. Therefore, great craftsmen only pay attention to the overall design, and do not personally wield axes and chisel; The chef just tries to reconcile the five flavors, not fiddling with the pots and pans himself; Great soldiers only command the battle, not go into battle in person. A just army only conquers rebellion and does not harass the people. Qi Huangong upholds justice; Abandon personal love and hate, reuse Guan Zhong (who has enemies with himself), and finally become the first of the five tyrants; For selfish reasons, Qi Huangong took good care of what he loved, and made a knife with a flatterer, so that the rotting maggots crawled out after death and could not be buried.
People are stupid when they are young, but they will become smart when they grow up. Therefore, it is better to be smart but have an affair than to be stupid but have a public interest. I get drunk every day and want to dress neatly. I am greedy and want to be king, but Shun can't. (and mortals! )
3. Zheng binding classical Chinese reading answer 20 14 (unbound)
The head of Liu Zhan (2) is poor. At the age of ten, he wrote an article about Zuo Zheng. 189, only for the suggestion, tour the Jingshan Mountain, rest the horse pavilion, and overlook the mountains and rivers. When it rains, the rocks are beautiful and the springs are good. So I sat for half a day and set off for five or six miles. He said, "This victory is probably 4. If you can't chant, why not be late? " But he went back to the pavilion and wanted to write a poem. At first glance, it's still wet. It's amazing. It's the best. There are no pedestrians on either side, but Liu Jing is still two or three miles away. The saying of the public opera: "Is it true?" Bai Jing said: "In fact, I can see that the courtiers gave me five gifts and have something to say." Accept criticism and worship. Public consultation has passed. When I returned to Beijing, I warned my children that Han and Han had already said, "There will be a genius in the future, and his literature must be extraordinary." From now on, I can let you sleep in the college, just like you. I'm no longer instructed. "In the past three years, all the articles have been well-founded and powerful. Anyone who is famous again will be called to learn the law and put on a temple to save the Qing Dynasty.
Liu Zhan's father is a poor scholar. When he was a teenager, he managed school tools such as pens, inks and inkstones beside Zheng. At the age of eighteen or nineteen, because he became an imperial envoy, Zheng Xiang took a good trip to Jingbu, rested in a pavilion and overlooked the mountains and rivers. At that time, there was just a heavy rain. The mountains were beautiful and the rocks were wonderful, and the springs were particularly beautiful. After sitting for half a day, Zheng got up and walked five or six miles. He said, "What does it matter if you don't write a poem for such a beautiful scenery?" So he went back to the pavilion and wanted to write a poem on it. He suddenly found a quatrain engraved on the pavilion, and the ink was still wet. Zheng Yi was surprised that the poem was well written. At that time, there were no pedestrians in both directions. The entourage said to Zheng Yi Yin: "Just now, only Liu Jing fell behind two or three miles." Zheng Yi joked with Liu Jing, "Did you write it?" Liu Jing bowed down and said, "It's really because I'm interested in watching you enjoy the scenery that I wrote this stupid poem on it." Say that finish introspection, a gift. Zheng Xiang was surprised for a long time before leaving. After returning to Beijing from this tour, Zheng Yunlai said to his descendants Zheng Han, Zheng Han and others, "Liu Jing will be a talented person in the future, and he will have superhuman achievements in literature. From now on, let him go to college with you, and the standard of accommodation is no different from yours. I no longer regard him as a servant. " Three years later, Liu Jing's articles were very colorful, and she was admitted to the imperial examination. Zheng Peng recommended him to be a narrow and bright student in Bifa Temple. Liu Jing's son, Liu Zhan, took part in the imperial examination and finally became prime minister.
4. Yan Dunfu's answer to reading classical Chinese: Yan Dunfu is the great-grandson of Prime Minister Shu Chu. He studied less in Cheng Yi and became a strange scholar. At the beginning of Shaoxing, he was recommended by the minister and called to work in the museum. He was appointed as the Langguan of the ancestral hall and transferred to the official department. In order to abide by the law, he learned about Guixi County. Someone will be able to rehabilitate him. Liu Guangshi, the messenger of Fu Xuan in Huaixi, invited Huaidong to take Huaixi field as his own, and the emperor agreed. Dunfu said: "I heard that the imperial court handled it unscathed. It was easy to divide an acre of land privately before. Compared with Yue Fei, an official who does private affairs in the imperial court, flying to invite crimes is a beauty at home and abroad. It is said that some ancient sages will wind up. The world will never fly, begging to show the world with the words of the minister. Why do you have to worry about private plans? " The assistant minister of the official department is also responsible for formulating detailed laws and regulations. After crossing the river, ordinary things will start, and the four choices are all stipulated by law. Dunfu is just strict, please ignore it. All the officials agreed, except for the official department. On the winter solstice, the Ministry was ordered to take 400 yuan from the official department. Dunfu Play: Then I went to bed. Some soldiers missed the announcement and got careless. Doctor Wu Qiu got careless and was exempted from the test. Dun repeated: "the slightest soldier, even sages and medical officers, are exempt from the test, which is a bad law." Since worshipping Ning and Daguan, traitors have deceived their merits and taken their essence, calling them "stealing the command", and their discipline has deteriorated, leading to danger and chaos. It is difficult to clarify. " I changed my mind and went to zhou yuan. I played it again: "Tell the heir not to be the minister of state supervision." I stayed in the right province for two months, and all 24 things were opposed, and everyone who discussed them was afraid. I became an assistant minister of the official department. When I see a comet, I demand the truth. I repeated: "In the past, Kang Cheng took the' wise men to hide', four people moved their careers, and the sense of shame disappeared. "If you ask for trouble, you can make four people move to business; Its winding and sealing can make the upper and lower sides deviate; Its false pet steals power and pretends to be vulgar, which can make the sense of shame disappear; It can confuse reputation and truth by falsely accusing others of meritorious service; If you hide your wisdom, you can keep the truth from being heard. I am willing to guard against delays and help you cope with the reality of heaven. " Besides, I said, "Billy refused to take responsibility when he came to Buys, and the trifles were saved. If something goes wrong, bother the listener in the sky. Give a few more examples. So control your troubles, don't reduce division, listen to every detail, but don't go into politics. " If you're not afraid of me, you know it's not tempting me. If you call it self-defeating, then you are wronged by something else. What can you do if you send envoys in the name of imperial edict? If you obey one or two of them, then you can order me to do one thing, which is slightly different, that is, the end of the trouble and the survival of the country are under its control. "When Qin Gui Li Fang praised the theory of self-denial, the discussion began. Although the plan had been decided, he dared not do it. Goulong Ruyuan said, it is advisable for voters to be Taiwan officials, so that dissent will be defeated, and then the matter will proceed. So milk source, stone, etc. Begging for expulsion, Du Qun abolished the door and became self-reliant. " He joined the same class with Tao and others and fought for it. The ambassador told Dunfu, "The public can obey and the two places can arrive at any time." Deng Fu said, "I won't mistake my country for my body, but my Gui Jiang nature is getting hotter and hotter as I get older. Please don't say anything. " Not as good as the person who opened it. "Shame and then be grateful, in return. At first, courtiers congratulated each other, and Deng Fu said with peculiar melancholy, "The traitor looks like me. "Zhang Zhiyuan and Wei Zhi exaggerated when they heard about it. Even when they jumped into the office, Dunfu said, "You said Qin was a traitor, but you didn't think so. The minister in charge of the official department is also the envoy of Jiang and Huai. As for the story, once the attendants pass the prime minister's pavilion, the prime minister will send several steps. Look at the pavilion again. I won't send it. Every time, he said, "people will insult themselves, and then others will insult it." After seeking an invitation, he learned about Quzhou from the scholars in Baowenge, and proposed Bozhou, Mingdao Palace. He lived in seclusion for several years at the age of 7 1. He made a statement in court when he was silent. Lin 'an sent someone to take him to Zhaozhou with instruments of torture. Dunfu went to see Rizo, the minister, and said, "Everyone knows that Hu Quan was demoted because of his improper remarks when he was prime minister. People in charge of divination must never do such a thing." Mr. Zhang apologized shamefully, so he chased Hu Quan's instruments of torture. When Qin Gui became prime minister for the first time, all the people in the court came to congratulate him. Only Dunfu said with a worried face, "Traitors and villains have become prime ministers." Zhang Zhiyuan and Wei Zhi both thought he was exaggerating when they heard this. When Hu Quan was framed this time, Dunford said to people, "I used to say that Qin Gui was a traitor, but you all thought I was wrong. Now he dares to do such a thing as soon as he comes to power, and he will do it again. Dunfu is a senior official in the official department, and concurrently holds official positions in Jianghuai and other places. According to the old practice, he will report to the Prime Minister's Cabinet. When he quits, the Prime Minister must send him a few steps. But Dunford has never seen Qin Gui come out to see him off, so he often says to people, "People must insult themselves first, and then others will insult him." Soon, he asked for a transfer, became the magistrate of Quzhou, served as a bachelor of Bao Wenge, and supervised Bozhou Palace in Ming Dow. He died at the age of 7 1. Deng Fu is taciturn, as if he can't speak, but in court proceedings, he never avoids anything. The emperor once commented on him: "You dare to speak with an honest and frank person, but you didn't humiliate your ancestors. "
5. Qi Jinggong Huimin classical Chinese reading the original answer.
Gong Jing heard about his fate.
In Gong Jing, it rained and snowed for three days. The male quilt is 2 fox white hair, and the living room is 3. Yan Zi entered the meeting and set up a room. Gong said, "How strange! Rain and snow are not cold for three days. " Yan Zi said to him, "Isn't it cold?" Laugh. Yan Ziri: "Babies know ancient sages, people are hungry when they are full, people are cold when they are warm, and people are tired when they are idle." This gentleman is not that good. "Gong said," good. I've heard of life. "This is to make autumn millet and hunger and cold.
To annotate ...
①: Chu Qing after rain and snow. 2 quilt: the same as "wearing". ③ Orientation: the steps of the palace. 4 have a room: temporarily.
translate
When Gong Jing was in office, it snowed for several days without clearing up. Gong Jing is wearing a fox fur coat and sitting on the steps in front of the purlin. Yan Zi entered the palace and stood for a while. Gong Jing said, "strange! It has snowed for three days, so it is not cold. " Yan Zi replied, "Is it really not cold?" Gong Jing smiled. Yan Zi said: "I heard that ancient sages can think of others' hunger when they are full, their cold when they are warm, and their hard work when they are comfortable." King, you have never considered anyone else. "Gong Jing said," well said! I remember my mission. " He ordered people to distribute fur coats and food to people who were hungry and cold.
practise
1. Explain the underlined words in the text.
(1) The baby heard the ancient sage ()
(2) Know people's work from the moment they escape ()
2. Explain underlined sentences in the text in modern Chinese.
Is to make autumn millet and hunger and cold.
3. "Rain and snow for three days", why does Gong Jing think that "it's not cold"?
4. What kind of person is Yan Zi?
Reference answer
1, () I heard (2) efforts
(Gong Jing) ordered people to distribute clothes and food to people who were hungry and cold.
3, public white and public white.
4. Dare to speak out (be good at speaking out) and be compassionate to the people (love the country and love the people)
6. Cheng Xue's "Song History" classical Chinese reading answer Cheng Xue's "Song History"
original text
Luo dang saw cheng. He is forty years old. I can't sit still when I see H one day, but I can't stand your left. I feel the snow outside the door is a foot deep.
translate
Shi Yang went to Luoyang to inquire for Cheng Yi. Shi Yang is about forty years old. When visiting Cheng Yi one day, Cheng Yi occasionally sat and dozed off. Shi Yang and Youzuo stood outside the door, waiting and not leaving. When Gauge woke up, the snow outside was already more than a foot thick.
Reading training
1. Explain the words added in the sentence.
I can't sleep when I stand with Zuo.
2. What inspiration did you get from the text?
A:-.
Explain the words added in the sentence.
I can't sleep when I stand with Zuo.
A: When I saw him, he was just sitting dozing off.
2. What inspiration did you get from the text?
What a beautiful scenery it is. You see, if you walk with the teacher, even if you meet an acquaintance, you should not chat with the acquaintance and neglect the teacher. When you meet a teacher on the road, you greet the teacher respectfully, and then straighten up and make way for the teacher. If the teacher talks to you, you answer politely; If he doesn't talk to you, send him away respectfully with your eyes. This is the demeanor of a gentleman.
Respecting teachers and attaching importance to education, our Chinese nation has lasted for thousands of years. If the country wants to revive and the nation wants to prosper, it is necessary to respect teachers and pay attention to education.
7. Read classical Chinese Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions (1)B The court gave him a gold thread, but Su Shi declined. Remarks: Rejected. (2)B A 1 I 2； B use and take; C 1 thinks that ② I, D 1 table accepts ② but. (3)C's mistake of "asking for an official position for himself", Su Shi didn't ask Han Qi for an official position. The original text is "try two theories, return to the third class, and get straight to the history museum." Shi said, "the public can be said to love others with virtue." 4 "compare the crown" to twenty. "Broadcom", proficient; "Genus", write; "Good", I like it. Translation: At the age of twenty, I am proficient in classics and history, writing thousands of words every day, and I like Jia Yi and Lu Zhi's books. "Shake" shakes people's hearts; Preposition object and. The translation is: enrich the people, the people are not living well, who will keep me? If all the rich people leave this city, they will shake people's hearts. Then who will I defend this city with? Answer: (1) B (2) B (3) C (4) When I was twenty years old, I was proficient in classics and history. I write thousands of words every day. I like Jia Yi and Lu Zhi's books. If all the rich people leave the city, they will shake people's hearts. Then who will I defend this city with? Su Shi was born in Meishan, Meizhou. At the age of ten, his father Su Xun went to four places to study, and his mother Cheng personally taught him to read. When he hears about the success or failure of ancient and modern times, he often focuses on the key points. Cheng was very excited when he read the biography of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Su Shi asked, "If I become Fan Pang, will my mother agree?" Cheng said, "you can be. Can't I be Fan Pang's mother? " By the age of 20, he was proficient in classics and history, wrote thousands of words every day, and liked Jia Yi and Lu Zhi's books. Shortly after reading Zhuangzi, he sighed: "I used to have opinions that I couldn't say, but now I see this book, and I am in my heart." In the second year of Zhiping, he entered the imperial court and was sentenced to Wen Gu Academy. When he was a vassal, Yingzong heard about his reputation and wanted to call him into the Hanlin Academy as an old example of the Tang Dynasty. In the future, naturally, he should bear the great responsibility in the world. The key is that the court should cultivate him and make all the scholars in the world respect him. I want the court to use him and then ask him to reuse it. Then all the people have no objection. If he is suddenly reused now, the scholars in the world may not think it is right, but it is just enough to make him suffer. Yingzong said, "How about writing him a suicide note?" ? Han Qi said: "Juzhu is similar to the patent in Zhi Zhi, so it can't be granted immediately. It's better to award it to him in the upper part of the pavilion and invite him to take the exam. Yingzong said, "I wonder if he can be admitted to the teacher?" ? "Han Qi still didn't agree. Tried two compositions, was ranked third, and got the position of straight history museum. Su Shi listened to Han Qi and said, "The Han Palace can be said to be convinced by virtue. "When Su Xun died, the court gave him gold silk, and Su Shi declined and asked for an official position, so he gave Su Shi Guanglucheng (to Xuzhou for his post), and a flood burst its banks and flooded Cao Cun. As long as I am here, the water will never rush into the city, and the rich will be driven back to the city. When Su Shi arrived at Wuwei camp, he said to the governor, "The river is coming into the city, and it is urgent. Even the Royal Guards should do their best for me. " The commander said, "If you are too defensive to escape, we villains will certainly obey you." So he led the people out of the city with cups and bells and walked from the southeast. But the city did not sink. Su Shi lives on it and doesn't go in when he passes by the door. He asked officials to guard all the places, and all the soldiers went out of the city. He made a wooden embankment to prevent the flood from coming again, and the court appreciated him very much.
8. Classical Chinese reading answers Liu Xianchuan translated Liu Xianchuan in Ming Dynasty:
Liu Xian, a native of Nanchang, was born with a big figure and unparalleled physical strength. When he was young, his family was poor and he made a living as a helper. Catch up with the famine, he ate too much and couldn't stand hunger and pain, so he had the idea of suicide. He went to an abandoned shrine to hang himself, but he didn't want to hang himself twice in a row. They all failed because the rope and rafters were broken. Liu Xian thought there was a man of God to protect him, so he left and mourned. He hung out among a group of porters and worked as a servant. After a year, he went to Sichuan, a land of abundance, lived in a temple, and lived by working for a short time and stealing offerings from the temple. He locked the stolen offering in a big clock and it took him a long time to be found. His magical physical strength is regarded as heaven and earth. In the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing, the Miao people in Yibin, southern Sichuan, rebelled, and Governor Zhang Hao recruited soldiers to counter the rebellion. Under the persuasion of all, Liu Xian was drafted into the army. In the first battle, he took the lead in dancing two big hay cutters, personally cut down 50 or 60 people and captured three thieves. After the army advanced, the rebellion was wiped out in one fell swoop, and Liu Xian became famous from a pawn to a deputy thousand households. After that, he went to the battlefield and was promoted to company commander for seven years. His rapid promotion is rare among military commanders in past dynasties.
Reference:
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note:
Liang Shu Liu Xianchuan and heather Liu Xianchuan are unknown.