Since it is a newspaper clipping of students doing their winter vacation homework, the comments on hot social news must of course be based on students and education as the background. You can add some beautiful prose as appropriate, but too many will seem a bit perfunctory.
I will give you some comments on hot social news about students and education, I hope it can be helpful.
1. Insight into social hot spots: Why is the ban on renting housing for college students having little effect?
The Ministry of Education stated that in principle, college students are not allowed to rent housing off campus. This is another policy return after the Ministry of Education slightly relaxed its stance on the issue of off-campus tenants for college students in 2005.
The safety and management of college students renting housing off campus has become a hot social issue. In and around some college campuses, as long as you pay thirty or fifty yuan in rent, no matter how many people you want, you can easily rent a "daily rental room." This kind of low-cost "family hotel" is quietly emerging and becoming a A major hazard to student safety. Moreover, in recent years, the phenomenon of college students renting apartments off campus and living alone has increased unabated, and has not been stopped by the Ministry of Education’s documents.
We should also note that various criminal cases caused by college students renting houses off campus have also increased, and some have even led to shocking and vicious incidents. For this reason, some local judicial organs have made special judicial suggestions to the local education authorities, suggesting that they attach great importance to this unhealthy phenomenon and ensure the physical and mental health and orderly management of college students. So, why did the Ministry of Education’s ban have little effect? Why did you experience "a little relaxation" again?
The key is that the document is not very effective, and the low effectiveness reflects a major problem - the lag in education legislation. The progress and efficiency of education legislation, including regulating the campus environment and student management, are far behind the pace of the development of the situation. A number of laws such as the "Compulsory Education Law", "Teacher Law", and "Minor Protection Law" are facing new challenges. Modification and approval. Faced with the problem of college students renting houses, major schools and authorities have come up with all kinds of ideas. For example, some universities have introduced that married students can apply for married students, some education departments have stipulated that off-campus renters are not allowed to apply for student loans, and some have It is stipulated that those who rent a house for a long time and fail to change will be expelled. Some universities prevent renting, and require counselors to eat and live with students in the dormitory, etc. So, why not regulate this undesirable phenomenon through legislation?
Some people have long passed the new "School Law" to solve the blind spots in school management that urgently need to be standardized, but it has not been mentioned on the legislative agenda. For example, issues such as academic fraud, arbitrary education fees, school security, and student bad behavior can only be punished and handled according to general disciplinary regulations, and there is no departmental legal system to apply. As an educational institution with a tradition of "teacher's dignity", some of the rules that must be written into the law are still in the general moral level or disciplinary category. This is really a pity as society is moving towards the rule of law.
The famous educator Guo Bingwen once said: "Education is more valuable than exposure, and culture depends on exposure." If there is a "School Law", it will not only regulate the recurring bad phenomenon of college students renting houses off campus, but also make specific and clear provisions on the campus environment and student safety of primary and secondary schools, especially if the relevant functional departments cannot perform their statutory duties and supervise according to law. , should bear corresponding legal responsibilities. At the same time, through the implementation of the law, we will continue to create a strong public opinion atmosphere, so that the whole society will care about the growth environment of the young generation. If so, off-campus renting of housing by college students will be prohibited without discussion and will not rebound
2. Higher vocational employment should meet social needs
The "difficulty in finding people" common in the current talent market The contradictory phenomenon that coexists with "difficulty finding a job" reflects, to a certain extent, the mismatch between talent training and social needs. To achieve effective connection between talent training and social needs, higher vocational colleges must do the following three aspects well.
Aligning major settings with job requirements
One of the essential attributes of higher vocational education is professionalism.
The concepts closely related to occupation are positions or types of work. An occupation often has one or several positions or types of work. The major setting of higher vocational colleges should be aimed at the changes in demand for occupational positions, so that the majors and the number of students in the majors are consistent with the changing trends of occupational positions and population size.
The demand for professional positions in society is constantly changing, and factors such as professional settings, students' choice of majors, and talent training cycles will lead to misalignment between talent training and professional job demands.
For example, computer application majors, e-commerce majors, computer information management majors, etc. were or were still in high demand when enrolling students, but when students graduate, social demand changes from "hot" to "cold". To deal with the objective dynamic imbalance between talent demand and talent supply, higher vocational colleges should provide students with flexibility in major setting and major selection.
Due to different economic and social environments as well as candidates’ personal and family conditions, different candidates have different amounts of information, which leads to great blindness among candidates when filling out their application wishes. Vocational colleges have the responsibility and obligation to provide new students with necessary professional guidance and opportunities to re-select their majors, and to provide professional knowledge and skill modules that are similar to majors that are large in scale and relatively difficult to find, and that are in high demand for social and professional positions, that is, through compounding The establishment of special majors cultivates comprehensive high-skilled talents to meet the needs of professional positions. For example, the "commodity management" knowledge and skills module is set up in the accounting professional talent training program of our college. Graduates can not only engage in accounting work, but also engage in commodity management and marketing work, so that the largest accounting major graduates in our college can also maintain Higher employment rate and employment quality.
Aligning talent training with job requirements
Higher vocational colleges must cultivate highly skilled professionals who are required to adapt to the front lines of social production, construction, management, and services. They must adhere to the "ability With the concept of "centered" talent training, through various systematic, standardized, effective and rich educational and teaching activities, graduates have the ability to engage in professional positions corresponding to their majors to meet the employer's demand for talents.
Conduct job competency analysis. The professional job competencies corresponding to the majors studied by graduates of higher vocational colleges are roughly divided into three parts: First, professional core competencies. The second is industry-wide capabilities. The third is the operational ability of professional positions. The analysis of job professional abilities corresponding to majors is the basis for building a curriculum system, formulating talent training plans, deciding on talent training models, and realizing the connection between talent training work and professional job ability needs. It is very important for promoting the employment of higher vocational college graduates. significance.
Talent training model selection. Higher vocational education is based on the "employment-oriented" principle. The key to realizing the connection between talent training and professional job ability needs is to choose the correct talent training model. Practice has proved that school-enterprise cooperation and industry-university integration are the fundamental ways to cultivate high-skilled professionals. However, due to different professional characteristics, external environment and internal conditions of practical teaching, the methods of school-enterprise cooperation and industry-university integration are often different. Anhui Vocational and Technical College of Commerce has explored a differentiated engineering-study-integrated talent training model in the talent training process, that is, it selects different engineering-study-integrated talent training models based on professional characteristics and practical teaching environment conditions. The rich and colorful work-study integrated talent training model effectively implements the combination of theoretical teaching and practical teaching, and finds an effective path to cultivate job professional abilities.
Construction of curriculum system. The curriculum system involves course categories, course structure, teaching content, teaching methods, etc. To solve the problem of docking talent training in higher vocational colleges with the ability needs of professional positions, it is necessary to build a dual-certificate integrated curriculum system, that is, based on the talent training objectives of higher vocational education, graduates’ basic theories, basic knowledge, professional and technical fields, and professional positions (groups) According to the job requirements, the curriculum system and teaching content should be constructed with reference to relevant professional qualification standards, and the theories and skills required for professional positions should be integrated into the teaching process, so that students can obtain both a diploma and a professional occupation when they graduate. Qualification certificates provide conditions for graduates to successfully find employment.
The connection between employment education and employment situation
The employment situation of graduates is related to the survival and development of higher vocational colleges, to the stability of society and people's livelihood, so it is an important issue in school work. The most important thing. In order to solve the employment problem of graduates, higher vocational colleges generally carry out employment education. I believe that employment education should be an important part of the high-skilled talent training system, placed in an equally important position as quality education and ability training, and implement comprehensive employment education in the entire process, all-round, and for all employees to achieve integration with the employment situation. Comprehensive employment education focuses on solving the following issues:
Changing the concept of employment. Some outdated ideas are deeply rooted in the minds of graduates from higher vocational colleges and their parents, becoming the biggest obstacle to graduates' employment.
It is necessary to achieve major changes in students' employment perspectives through comprehensive employment education, and guide students to establish a correct outlook on employment and career choice, such as employment first, career choice and then starting a business, dynamic employment, employment at the grassroots level, in rural areas, in central and western regions, etc. , after employment, you will become talented in the process of fulfilling your job responsibilities, and you will be trained and grown in a difficult environment. This is proven by the growth pattern of all successful people, and it is also an inevitable choice for graduates of higher vocational colleges under today's severe employment situation.
Adjust employment positioning. Some higher vocational graduates are unable to find employment on time because their expectations are too high. At present and in the future, graduates from higher vocational colleges are facing a severe situation of oversupply. Higher vocational colleges should guide students to recognize the situation, adjust their expectations, and accurately position themselves through comprehensive employment education. After longing for cities, economically developed areas, white-collar and silver-collar jobs, and higher salaries being difficult to achieve, it is also a wise choice to choose the next best option, employment first and then development. It should be known that higher vocational education is to cultivate highly skilled professionals. High-skilled talents are essentially workers with more knowledge and higher skills than graduates of secondary vocational education. In terms of job levels, secondary vocational education trains junior and intermediate workers, while higher vocational education trains intermediate and senior workers. They are all ordinary workers with certain knowledge and skills. Only when higher vocational graduates understand their roles and adjust their positioning can they successfully find employment and make a difference.
Improve employability. Vocational colleges help students improve their employability through comprehensive employment education, that is, graduates' ability to sell themselves during the job search process. The main content includes the ability to discover and seize market opportunities, that is, the ability to choose a career position that suits you in the vast talent market demand, and make the other party accept you through contact and persuasion; the ability to effectively utilize market employment channels, that is, master various types of recruitment The characteristics of effective employment through different channels such as conferences, talent markets, computer network recruitment, etc., in order to increase the signing rate of graduates in the application process; the ability to resist setbacks, so that graduates can still be confident and continue to apply for jobs even after failure in job hunting or even multiple failures. Until success; the ability to open up the job market, that is, through one's own performance, create professional positions or allow employers to increase the number of positions and accept one's ability.
Master employment skills. Employment skills are also employability to a certain extent and are an aspect that cannot be ignored in adapting to social needs. For example, when applying for a job, you must be polite and courteous, dress plainly and elegantly in line with the requirements of the job you are applying for, answer questions in compliance with the recruiter's thinking and psychology, express your language concisely, sincerely and plainly, highlight your personality, speak at an appropriate speed, and behave in a manner consistent with the requirements of the professional code of conduct for the job applicant. etc. Although the content involved in graduate employment skills is small, details often determine success or failure, and often play an important or even critical role in the success of graduates' job search.
3. "Harmonious Society" interrogates the system of fair educational opportunities
Educational fairness is the basis of social fairness. At this stage, due to the systemic flaws in our country's education system, citizens have unfair access to education and have affected the balanced development of the entire society. The original education system framework must be reformed and improved, and specific policy measures must be adopted to ensure that fairness in educational opportunities can be fully reflected in our country.
The connotation of fairness needs to be interpreted in a specific historical period and social environment. In modern society, especially under the conditions of market economy, fairness is reflected in the opportunity for individuals to fully exert their free activities and obtain achievements and income in most social activities in which human beings participate, including employment, personal wealth accumulation, Opportunities such as education and participation in democratic management should be open to the largest number of members of society, and unreasonable conditions should not be attached to prevent people from participating in social activities equally.
In our country, equity has penetrated into all levels of economic and social development and has become a major issue affecting reform and development. It has a profound impact in the fields of politics, economy, culture and education, and has become a concern for people. One of the focal points. Among them, fair educational opportunities are not only an important manifestation of social fairness, but will also affect the improvement of population quality, the sustainable development of the national economy and the entire society, and will also promote the realization of social fairness.
Fair educational opportunities cannot be just a goal
In our country, the Constitution clearly stipulates that every citizen has the equal right to receive education, emphasizing the equality of citizens’ educational opportunities.
However, during the implementation process, due to various subjective and objective reasons, there is still a long way to go before the goal of completely equal educational opportunities.
Before the reform and opening up, the main factors affecting the fairness of educational opportunities were family origin and differences in urban and rural educational environments. After the reform and opening up, due to the insufficient public education resources in our country and the influence of the tendency of education marketization, the defects of the current education system have caused the current unfair educational opportunities to a certain extent.
Judging from the current situation, the discussion of equal educational opportunities is essentially the struggle for educational rights and resource allocation among different interest groups caused by the transfer of economic interests driven by social transformation, and in this In the process of competition, how to ensure that vulnerable groups are protected and protected from being deprived of educational resources and opportunities through gradually improving systems.
The current debate on fair educational opportunities in our country mainly focuses on two aspects:
1. The relationship between fair educational opportunities and efficiency. "Prioritizing efficiency while taking into account fairness" has become a basic distribution principle under my country's market economic system, and the relationship between fairness and efficiency has caused widespread debate in the education sector. In the author's opinion, educational activities and economic activities belong to different categories. Education has its own unique value and role in human development and social progress, which cannot be replaced by efficiency. Only by putting fairness in educational opportunities first can we achieve healthy, long-term, and overall efficiency.
2. Equity in educational opportunities and the theory of education industry. The emergence of the education industry theory is mainly to solve the shortage of educational resources in our country, but over-emphasis on the industrialization of education will damage the equity factor. In fact, educational institutions, which are responsible for the redistribution of social resources, are to a large extent one of the channels for disadvantaged groups to change their living conditions. Therefore, not only private schools, but also the rising fees of public schools have also undermined this to some extent. One channel. The government should not push too much educational responsibility to the society. A more preferable approach is that the government's financial resources and energy should be transferred from the field of providing private products to public products such as education as soon as possible.
IV. Institutional Reasons Affecting Fair Educational Opportunities
(1) The impact of the educational resource allocation system on fair educational opportunities
1. my country’s investment in educational resources the overall situation. Educational funding is the blood of modern education and an important condition for the survival and development of education. The current unsatisfactory situation of educational equity in our country is directly related to our country’s insufficient investment in education. At present, the ratio of education expenditures to GDP in developed countries is about 6.2%, and that of developing countries is about 4.0%. However, in recent years, the ratio of fiscal education expenditures to GDP in my country is not only incomparable with developed countries, but also with the investment of developing countries. There is also a big gap in intensity.
2. Comparison of regional and urban-rural educational resource allocation. From a regional analysis, there is an imbalance in the allocation of educational resources in areas close to political, economic and cultural centers and areas far away from these centers, in urban areas and rural areas, resulting in differences in the educational resources available to various regions. There are major differences in educational facilities and teacher conditions between regions, which in turn affects the fairness of educational opportunities. In 1990, the gap in per capita education funding between the eastern, central and western regions of my country was 1∶0.80∶0.71. By 1995, the gap in education funding expanded to 1∶0.62∶0.54. This imbalance in education funding has caused problems in running schools. The explicit imbalance of conditions will then lead to the imbalance of soft resources such as educational concepts, teacher quality, and scientific research capabilities.
3. Comparison of educational resource allocation among basic education, higher education, and continuing education. Because of its wide coverage, basic education has the strongest public product attributes. Although higher education has expanded enrollment in our country, it is still an "elite education" that can only be enjoyed by a small number of people. Existing research shows that the greater the proportion of government funds allocated to the basic education stage, the more equitable the allocation of funds will be, and the more conducive it will be to ensuring fairness in educational opportunities. However, at present, the proportion of non-basic education in my country using national public education resources is too high. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2002, financial investment accounted for 72% of my country's total basic education funding, which was not only lower than many Western countries, but also lower than many developing countries. In terms of higher education, the government But it paid more than 50% of the funds. The structural fairness of allocations must be improved.
In addition, as for continuing education, with the deepening of reform, the government has gradually withdrawn from this field and its investment has decreased, with investment mainly from enterprises and individuals.
(2) The impact of the education fee system on equity of educational opportunities
1. There are differences in the education fee systems between rural and urban areas. In rural areas, farmers bear all the educational expenses for their children. Education fund-raising fees, education surcharges, etc. are all fees levied by the government from farmers for compulsory education in rural areas, but urban residents do not need to pay such fees. Townships and villages are responsible for raising the funds required for the construction, reconstruction, and expansion of schools implementing compulsory education in rural areas, while in cities and towns, the local people's governments are responsible for including them in the capital construction investment plan. This artificial education fee system has resulted in high education payment costs and raised the threshold for farmers to receive education. Therefore, compared with the opportunities for urban residents to receive education, rural residents’ access to education is unfair.
2. Fee systems for different education stages. At present, governments at all levels are responsible for the basic education stage in our country. Tuition is free, but appropriate miscellaneous fees can be charged. However, in the specific implementation process in various places, there is a serious phenomenon of arbitrary charging, including grassroots governments, relevant departments or units charging students for rides through schools, or making various forms of apportionment to school students, etc., artificially Increased burden on students and parents. The fee system for higher education has been implemented since 1997, when higher education institutions across the country unified their admissions process. In recent years, the growth rate of tuition fees has greatly exceeded the growth rate of residents' personal income. At the same time, there are 'dual-track' fees and reductions. They charge higher fees, charge students 'major transfer fees', 'orientation fees' and 'junior college upgrade fees', and raise tuition fees in disguise in the name of changing the credit system. The existence of these phenomena has seriously disrupted the normal educational order. The current increase in tuition fees has been accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of students from low-income families, resulting in differences in educational opportunities for students with different family backgrounds.
(3) The impact of the education enrollment system on equity of educational opportunities
1. Basic education. In contemporary times, the main institutions that implement basic education are primary schools, junior high schools and general high schools. Elementary education has long been considered the area with the smallest differences in access, a view that has been challenged in recent years. Our country implements a nine-year compulsory education system, but the sources of primary school and junior high school students are divided according to location and resident status, and they are not allowed to choose schools independently, which is contrary to the concept of equal educational opportunities. In addition, the educational conditions and quality of education in key and non-key schools are very different, which has led to the semi-public existence of the "school choice phenomenon" in the basic education stage, turning it into a competition between parents for social relations and economic strength. At the high school level, admissions are based on high school entrance examination scores and student preferences, but the number of students who pay "sponsorship fees" or other list fees is increasing year by year. In big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, students who do not attend the best schools can pay more than 100,000 yuan. For those students who are close to the score line and whose family cannot afford the high fees, they have lost the focus of their studies. Secondary school opportunities, which may also mean opportunities for higher education before losing employment opportunities.
2. Higher education. The shortcomings of the higher education admission system are one of the main reasons for the current inequity in the field of higher education. In the early days of reform and opening up, the college entrance examination system played an important role in selecting talents to ensure fairness. However, with social development and the popularization of higher education, the unfair educational opportunities caused by the flaws of the college entrance examination system gradually aroused controversy. The first is the disparity in admission scores between regions. At present, most regions across the country still use the same test paper for the college entrance examination. Therefore, this phenomenon of affecting the admission of candidates with the same scores because of their place of birth has seriously led to educational unfairness. . Secondly, there is the "ranking" admission principle of the college entrance examination. The filling in the application form in my country's college entrance examination system is a game of information asymmetry, which cannot achieve fairness in students' access to higher education. Finally, there is the examination system of the College Entrance Examination. In the past twenty years, the College Entrance Examination has focused on testing memory ability and computing ability, and has been biased in testing candidates. Today, when quality education is advocated, it has shown unfair results for some well-rounded candidates. fairness.
(4) The impact of the emergence of private education on equity of educational opportunities
On the one hand, private colleges and universities are not only a supplement to public schools, but also an equally important force as public schools. .
Private colleges and universities are public products provided by non-governmental forces, so they themselves are a reflection of fairness in educational opportunities. On the other hand, since private colleges and universities are a high-investment undertaking and are operated for profit, if there is a lack of policy support and institutional norms during the development process, it will affect the realization of fair educational opportunities and create new problems. Waste of resources.