Chinese:

I. Language

The standard language of Chinese is gradually formed on the basis of northern mandarin in recent hundreds of years. Its standard sound is Beijing sound. The standard language of Chinese is called Mandarin in Chinese mainland, Mandarin in Taiwan Province Province and Mandarin in Singapore and Malaysia. In a broad sense, it refers to the language of the Han nationality, and in a narrow sense, it refers to Putonghua. Besides, Mandarin, Mandarin, Chinese and other appellations refer to Chinese. Undoubtedly, Chinese is the most widely used language in the world, and about 1/5 people in the world speak Chinese as their mother tongue. Chinese has also had an important influence on the languages and characters of neighboring countries. For example, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese all retain a large number of Chinese loanwords and Chinese writing systems. Chinese is one of the working languages of the United Nations. Chinese is the language of China.

As a unique hieroglyphic language in the world, Chinese has a high degree of unity and standardization, and modern Chinese has a unified and standardized grammar. Although the pronunciation of dialects is particularly different, the written language is standardized and there is no obstacle to written communication caused by dialect differences.

Second, the text

Chinese characters have been used to record Chinese for more than 3000 years, and they have been used until today without interruption. In such a long historical period, Chinese characters not only serve people's real life, but also record extremely rich cultural materials; Even across national boundaries, it was borrowed by neighboring countries such as Japan, North Korea and Vietnam to record non-Chinese languages.

On the other hand, people have been criticizing the shortcomings of Chinese characters for a long time, mainly saying that Chinese characters are difficult to recognize, write and mechanize (printing, typesetting, typing, etc. Therefore, it is not as efficient as pinyin in literacy, children's literacy education and cultural communication.

Compared with Pinyin, Chinese characters have their shortcomings, but they also have their advantages. The biggest advantage of Chinese characters is that they can be beyond space and limited by time. There are great differences in pronunciation between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese. However, since 2000, the font has been quite stable and the meaning of words has not changed much, so the ancient books of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties can still be partially understood by ordinary people today. If ancient books are written in pinyin, modern people simply can't understand some dialects with different pronunciations, so they can't communicate with each other, but if they are written in Chinese characters, they can understand each other, and the reason is the same.

The work of simplifying Chinese characters began in the 1950s. 1986 republished Summary of Simplified Chinese Characters stipulates more than 2,200 simplified Chinese characters (including words analogized by simplified Chinese radicals). At present, this work has come to an end and will remain stable for some time to come, and will not continue to simplify. Because continuous simplification will destroy the stability of characters, and after simplifying a batch of characters, the original traditional Chinese characters cannot be abolished. Therefore, the total number of Chinese characters is increasing, which increases the burden on people who study and use Chinese characters.

The debate about pinyin of Chinese characters has a long history. Theoretically, any natural language can be recorded in Pinyin. However, due to the differences of Chinese dialects, it will bring great difficulties to people in dialect areas before the work of popularizing Putonghua has achieved extensive and practical results. In addition, due to the long history of Chinese characters, a large number of documents are recorded in Chinese characters. Once you change your tune, it will inevitably lead to certain difficulties in the wide use of literature, and may also cause fluctuations in social psychology and national feelings. In fact, due to the long-term use of the ideographic writing system of Chinese characters, a large number of homophones can appear in Chinese, and this phenomenon does exist. Now a syllable can correspond to dozens or hundreds of Chinese characters at most. If you use pinyin to record pronunciation, you can't understand it without reading it. Even after a long period of training, this problem cannot be completely solved. Therefore, if you really want Latin Chinese characters, it will definitely not be completed overnight. Before Chinese develops to a suitable level.

2. Common sense of China language and literature

A, China literature, a pre-Qin writer class said that Confucius (famous hill, the word Zhong Ni. )

Confucius in The Analects of Confucius is a famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the history of China. The Analects of Confucius is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and it is the first recorded work in the history of China.

Debate on Zuo Qiuming (Historian of Lu State in the Spring and Autumn Period), The Battle of Dishes and Zuo Zhuan are also called Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period and Zuo Chunqiu. Chronicle books, historical papers.

Monk (abnormal name, word Yu Zi. Master of Confucianism. )

As I expected, Bao Zhuang met Mencius, and Mencius is a book that records Mencius' thoughts, words and deeds. Mencius' thought is mainly benevolent, valuing the people and despising the monarch.

Zhuangzi, a master of Taoism, advocated political inaction and spiritual freedom. Qu Yuan (Pingming, a native of Chu during the Warring States Period), Shejiang and Lisao are the longest lyric poems in ancient China.

Shejiang is one of the nine chapters. Xunzi (name) "Encouraging Learning" and "Xunzi" are hundred schools of thought's essays.

Liezi (Ming Kou, also known as Yu Kou. ) "Yu Gong Yi Shan" Han Fei (the representative of Legalism. )

Five sacks, Bian Que meets Cai Huangong, Warring States Policy (the author can't verify it. This book is now handed down from Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty. )

Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi, Jing Ke stabbed the King of Qin, and Warring States Policy are national essays, which record the strategies and remarks of lobbyists during the Warring States Period. Writers in the Han Dynasty wrote that Jia Yi (known as Jia Sheng in the world) was a writer in the Western Han Dynasty. )

On Qin Dynasty, on accumulation and sparseness, Liu An's Huai Nan Zi is also known as Huai Nan Hong Lie, and Sima Qian (word length. ) The Hongmen Banquet and Xinlingjun stole symbols to save Zhao He's historical records, formerly known as Taishi Gongshu, which is the first biographical historical book in China.

Emperor's Biography 12, Family 30, Celebrity Biography 70, Table 10, 8 books, a total of 130. Lu Xun called it "the historian's swan song, Li Sao has no rhyme."

Peacock flies to the southeast is found in Chen's Yutai New Poetry in the Southern Dynasties, entitled "Ancient Poems for Wife". This is the longest narrative poem in ancient times.

A detailed explanation of Cao Cao's essays by writers in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (word Meng De,). ) "Looking at the Sea" Cao Cao, a famous politician, strategist and writer.

"Three Caos": Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi. Zhuge Liang (word Kong Ming. )

"The model" Gan Bao (Eastern Jin historian. Looking for the gods (writing supernatural stories. )

Chen Shou's representative work: Shi Shuo Xin Yu, written by Liu Yiqing in the Three Kingdoms, is also called Shi Shuo Shu Xin. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty written by Ye Fan is also called "Four History" along with Historical Records, History of Han Dynasty and History of the Three Kingdoms.

Tao Yuanming (Ming Ming, Mr. posthumous title Keisuke) was a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. ) Drinking in the Garden Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long is the earliest literary theory work in China.

Fourthly, Wang Bo (Zi An) was mentioned in Essays and Homework in the Tang Dynasty. ) He, Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo are also called "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty".

What (word jizhen, since the number "Siming fanatic") "Home" Wang Zhihuan (word Ji Ling. Meng Wei, also known as Wang Meng, is a representative of "pastoral poetry", describing natural scenery and having a fresh and natural poetic style.

Li Bai (word Taibai,no. Qinglian lay. Li Bai is a famous romantic poet.

Li Bai is known as the "Poet Fairy". Du Fu is called "Poet Saint".

Du Fu (beautiful word, calling himself a young wild old man) was a foreign minister of the Ministry of Supervision, and was called Ben Du Gongbu. "The Cottage is Blown by Autumn Wind" Du Fu represents the peak of realistic poetry art and is called "the history of poetry".

He initiated Yuefu poetry and directly promoted the new Yuefu movement headed by Bai Juyi. Gao Shi (word Duff). )

Wang Zhihuan, Wang Changling, Gao Shi and Cen Can are the representatives of Cen Can frontier poets. Their themes mostly reflect the frontier scenery and military life, with solemn and stirring styles and vigorous brushwork. Han Yu (word back, ancestral home Changli, known as Han Changli in history. )

Teacher's Comments: Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in Song Dynasty. Liu Yuxi (word dream. )

Humble Room Inscription: Originally written on ancient artifacts, it was used to warn oneself or praise merit, and later developed into an independent style with short form and concise words. Bai Juyi (word Lotte,no. Xiangshan layman. )

Articles in Pipa Xing (and preface) are written from time to time, and songs and poems are written from time to time. A letter with Zhu: A masterpiece of literary common sense: Song of Eternal Sorrow.

New Yuefu: Yuefu-style poems writing current events with self-innovative topics. Liu Zongyuan (word thickness.

The world calls it Liu Longzhou. Liu Han: the collective name of Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, essayists in Tang Dynasty.

Advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty advocated abandoning the flashy prose of the Six Dynasties and creating prose with rich content and free form. Du Mu (word Mu Zhi. )

"Epanggong Fu": a style that pays attention to rhetoric, antithesis and rhyme. But some of them are mainly prose, with a few rhymes.

Li Shangyin (word Yishan. Du Li: First, it refers to Li Bai and Du Fu; The second refers to Li Shangyin and Du Mu (also known as Du Xiaoli).

Fan Zhongyan (word Greek, Zheng Wen, posthumous title) said when he was writing homework in the Song Dynasty. The Story of Yueyang Tower Liu Yong (formerly known as Sanbian, known as "Liu Tuntian" and "Liu Langzhong") The word Yulinling is a kind of poetry, which sprouted in the Southern Dynasties, formed in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty.

Also known as Quzi words, long and short sentences, and poems. In 58 words, it is called Xiaoling; 59-90 words are called alto; 9 1 is called long tune.

Ouyang Xiu (word Yongshu,no. Drunken Weng, 6 1 laity). ) Ling lawsuit preface, Ouyang Wenzhong's official documents collection.

Su Xun (word Ming Yun. On Six Kingdoms Su San: Su Xun and his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe are great writers, and their poems have been passed down through the ages, and Emei is so high. )

Zhou Dunyi (Uncle Mao, philosopher. "Ailian Shuo" said: Ancient prose can tell things, or make comments or notes, similar to modern essays or miscellaneous feelings.

Sima Guang (Shi Jun, historian. Battle of Red Cliffs and Zi Tong Zhi Jian are the largest annals of ancient China.

The title of the book means: "In view of the past, we should take governance as the foundation", that is, we should take historical gains and losses as a warning and strengthen governance. Wang Anshi (Character Festival, No. )

You praise Zen.

3. What are the key knowledge of linguistics in China?

1. The relationship between language and speech.

2. The relationship between language and thinking. 3. Combination and aggregation of languages.

(focus on it, give examples) 4. The role of phonemes. 5. International phonetic symbols.

Use time. Four elements of phonetics. (Phonetic parts overlap with modern Chinese, which can be viewed in combination) 7. The opposition and complementation of phonemes.

(Focus) 8. The voice changed. Assimilation, alienation, weakening and shedding.

(for example) 9. Characteristics of solitary language and inflectional language. 10. Description of grammatical categories.

(Focus on) 1 1. The difference between absolute antonym and relative antonym. Characteristics of language development.

(Focus on) 13. Social dialects, regional dialects, kinship languages and common languages. Language contact.

Five basic forms of Chinese loanwords. 15. Features of phonetic evolution.

16. Characteristics of semantic evolution. 17. The main manifestations of vocabulary development.

(Focus on) 18. Two ways to produce derivative meaning.

4. Basic knowledge of China language and literature.

Modern Chinese, Ancient Chinese, Writing, Literature Introduction, China Ancient Literature, China Modern Literature, China Contemporary Literature, Foreign Literature, Middle School Chinese Textbook Teaching Method, Language Literature Introduction, Aesthetics. ancient Chinese

Contemporary Chinese

The teaching content includes six chapters: introduction, language, writing, vocabulary, grammar and rhetoric. The introduction introduces the basic knowledge of language and literature and the basic characteristics of modern Chinese. The other five chapters expound relevant theories with special topics and analyze specific language and literature phenomena in various aspects in combination with practice.

writing

General theory of writing: including basic theories and knowledge such as theme, subject matter, structure, expression and language. Stylistic theory: teaching narrative styles such as news, communication and prose, epistemological styles such as ideological criticism, literary criticism and essays, and writing theories and operational skills of applied styles such as popular science prose and investigation reports.

Modern Literature in China (including Selected Works)

According to the development of modern literature in China and the characteristics of new-democratic revolution in China, it can be divided into three periods. Part I: Literature during the May 4th Movement and the First Revolutionary Civil War (1917-1927); Part II: Literature during the Second Revolutionary Civil War (1927-1937); Part III: Literature in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Period and People's Liberation War Period (1937- 1949). Firstly, it summarizes the literary history of each period, and then focuses on the main writers and works of each period.

Introduction to literature

This course includes five parts: introduction, literary activities, literary production, literary consumption and acceptance. The introduction discusses the nature of literary theory and the construction of China's contemporary literary theory. The remaining four parts discuss the essence of literature and various aspects of literary phenomena respectively, and reveal the basic characteristics of literature and literary phenomena from different aspects.

Contemporary Literature in China (including Selected Works)

This course takes 1949 China literature since the founding of the People's Republic of China as the main research object, attaches importance to the development and characteristics of literature itself, and plans to make a comprehensive observation of the respective texts of six literary genres: poetry, prose, reportage, novel, drama literature and film and television literature in the historical process of contemporary China for more than 40 years, thus forming an open historical theoretical framework.

The content of ancient Chinese course includes: ancient Chinese pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, rhetoric, punctuation, annotation, translation and common sense of ancient culture. Teaching pre-Qin philosophers' essays, rhymes, Tang and Song poems and other selected works according to the times and styles requires mastering more than 1000 commonly used words, mastering ancient Chinese phonetics and grammar knowledge, and reading ancient Chinese documents.

China Ancient Literature (including Selected Works)

Understand the history and laws of the development of ancient literature in China, master the basic theories and knowledge of ancient literature in China, and select the representative works of major writers in different historical periods.

Foreign literature (including selected works)

This course is divided into two parts: Europe and America and Asia and Africa, with European and American literature as the main content. This part is divided into three parts. The first romantic literature from ancient times to the beginning of the nineteenth century; This novella is a critical realism literature in the middle and late19th century. The second part introduces European and American literature in the first half of the 20th century. This course focuses on modern European literature since the Renaissance and gives more space to critical realism literature with high achievements. While paying attention to introducing the unit knowledge of literary history, it focuses on analyzing important writers and their representative works to cultivate students' ability to understand and analyze literary phenomena and literary works.

Introduction to linguistics

The definition and classification of linguistics, the relationship with other disciplines, the essence, occurrence, development, differentiation, unity and mutual influence of language; The communicative function of language, the relationship with thinking and society, the systematicness and symbolism of language, the methodology, phoneme, semantics and linguistics of language and speech; Phonetics, grammar, word meaning, writing and written language.

aesthetics

1, the philosophical basis of aesthetics; 2. Analysis of aesthetic structure; 3. Aesthetic occurrence; 4. Aesthetic form; 5. Aesthetic appreciation and criticism; 6. Aesthetic education; 7. Analyze the theoretical framework of great significance in the history of aesthetics (the essence of beauty).

Chinese teaching theory

The nature, teaching task, system and research of Chinese teaching theory: the nature, purpose and task of Chinese subject in middle school; the view of teachers and students in Chinese teaching in middle school; the syllabus and teaching materials of Chinese in middle school; Reading teaching; Composition teaching; Listening and speaking teaching; Teach the basic knowledge of Chinese, prepare lessons and prepare lesson plans; Guidance of extracurricular activities for middle school students.

5. What are the key common sense of the postgraduate entrance examination for linguistics majors?

1. Syntactic category: Grammatical meaning expressed mainly through structural variations.

2. Sex: In some languages, it represents a set of characteristics of people or things related to sex. 3. Number: A set of characteristics representing the quantity of things.

4. Case: A set of features that indicate the grammatical structure relationship between nouns and other words. 5. Determinism and indeterminacy: A set of characteristics indicating the nature of noun reference.

6. Aspect: A set of characteristics that indicate the progress of action reflected by verbs. 7. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP): a method of dividing complex phrases layer by layer until the word is cut, or combining them layer by layer from the word until the complex phrase is cut.

8. Centroid phrase: refers to a phrase whose function is equivalent to the head word of the phrase. For example, the radical phrase has the same function as the head word. For example, "log cabin" equals "house" is a centripetal phrase. 9. Centrifugal phrase: refers to a phrase in which the function of the whole phrase is not equal to that of any component in the phrase. For example, the function of the Chinese word "de" is neither equal to the component before "de" nor equal to "de".

10. Relational meaning: Sentences are usually composed of words, which always form certain structural relationships when combined, and the meaning given by these structural relationships is "relational meaning". 1 1. Mood meaning: It reflects the speaker's purpose of using sentences and the meaning of the speaker's emotions.

12. Semantic role: According to the semantic relationship between predicates and arguments, arguments can be divided into several types, which are generally called "semantic roles". 13. Degraded predicate structure: Arguments in the predicate structure can have decorative or restrictive elements to express some characteristics of arguments, and the predicate structure that acts as such elements is the degraded predicate structure.

14, semantic orientation: where a component in a sentence points semantically, or which component has semantic connection with it, is the semantic orientation of this component. 15, implication: as far as the meaning expressed by the speech itself is concerned, if there is an interesting sentence, there must be an interesting sentence, so A contains B.

16, Ambiguity: It refers to the phenomenon that the same form of language symbol sequence may express different meanings. 17, Text: Text is the writing symbol system of language.

18, ideographic characters: all characters are ideographic characters. 19, pictophonetic characters: all characters are written with notes, and pictophonetic characters are also called pinyin.

20. Logo: Some characters are ideograms, and some characters are words with notes.

6. A little English knowledge (about 200 words) is urgently needed.

English is the world language, one of the working languages of the United Nations and the de facto language of international communication.

English belongs to the west Germanic branch of Germanic family of Indo-European language family, which evolved from the languages spoken by Anglo-Saxon Germanic tribes and jute tribes who immigrated from the European continent in ancient times, and spread to all parts of the world through active British colonization. Due to contact with many national languages in history, vocabulary has changed from unitary to pluralistic, grammar has changed from "more twists and turns" to "less twists and turns", and pronunciation has changed regularly.

According to the number of native English speakers, English is the most widely used second language in the world, but it may also be the second or fourth largest language in the world (1999 statistics show that 380 million people use English). More than 60% of letters in the world are written in English, and more than 50% of newspapers and magazines are in English.

The leading position of Britain and America in culture, economy, military, politics and science in the last two centuries has made English an international language. English is also the language most closely related to computers. Most programming languages are related to English. With the use of the Internet, English is more widely used.

The closest thing to English is undoubtedly Frisian, which is still used in Frisian province in the north of the Netherlands, with about 500 thousand users. Some people think Scottish is an independent language close to English, while others think it is a dialect of English.

Scots, low Saxons in eastern Holland and people in northern Germany are also very close to English. Other related languages include Dutch, Afrikaans and German.

The Normans conquered England in the 1 1 century, bringing a large number of French words and greatly enriching English words.

7. Tips for classic practical literature

China's literary style, terminology and theoretical literature are also called "language art", which is one of the basic styles of art. It uses language as a medium and means to shape artistic images, reflect social real life and express the spiritual world of characters.

Give play to its various social functions in an aesthetic way. Sinology theory "Sinology" came into being in the historical period of western learning spreading to the east and cultural transformation, and was promoted by a large number of sinology masters such as Zhang Taiyan, Lu Xun, Wang Guowei and Hu Shi.

It flourished in the 1920s. Chinese studies are also called Chinese studies.

It is a unique and complete cultural and academic system based on pre-Qin Confucian Classics and philosophers' studies, covering Han Confucian Classics, Wei-Jin Metaphysics, Sui-Tang Buddhism, Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism, Han Fu, Six Dynasties Parallel Prose, Tang-Song Poetry, Ming-Qing Yuanqu and Novels, as well as historiography of past dynasties, including classics, history, Confucius and anthology. Genre genre is also called "style".

Generally refers to the categories of various literary and artistic works. That is, the stable form of the structure of literary and artistic works formed in the long-term historical development.

With the continuous development of social life, there will be new schools. Most literary genres in China are divided into four categories, namely, poetry, novel, prose and drama, and each literary genre is divided into several styles.

Poetry is one of the oldest literary genres, which is produced by labor and full of imagination. Full of emotion, harmonious phonology and beautiful language.

Poetry takes emotion as the direct object of expression, and poems expressing people's feelings are often deeply loved by the people and become immortal works. Formally, poetry includes metrical poetry, free verse, prose poetry and folk songs. As far as melody is concerned, there are two kinds of rhyming poems and blank poems; As for narrative poems and lyric poems, they are divided according to the content of performance.

The difference between poetry and music Poetry requires rhythm and emphasizes rhythm. The highest achievement of poetry was in the Tang Dynasty. Ci is a kind of poetic style with music, and its heyday was in the Song Dynasty. Qu is a kind of verse form of harmony singing, which is flexible in syntax and popular in Yuan Dynasty. Poetry classification 1. Lyrics and narrative poems are divided according to whether there is a complete story; 2. According to the content, it can be divided into pastoral poems, landscape poems, satirical poems, epic poems, pastoral poems, carols, elegies and philosophical poems. 3. According to the forms of expression, it can be divided into: ancient poems, modern poems, limerick poems, metrical poems, free poems, sonnets, prose poems, folk songs and so on.

"Ancient Poetry" in a broad sense refers to all poems written in ancient Chinese before the May 4th New Culture Movement. It is divided into two parts: ancient poetry and modern poetry.

The so-called "ancient" and "near" are terms of the Tang Dynasty. A kind of "metrical poem" was formed in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, people called it "modern poetry", so the poems before Tang Dynasty were called "ancient style".

Titles of ancient poems before Tang Dynasty. Not limited by the form of metrical form, it rhymes freely, with no definite sentence in the chapter, no definite word in the sentence, no definite tone in the word, and it can be long or short, and it doesn't talk about flat and even antithesis.

Including the Book of Songs, Ancient Yuefu, Yuefu folk songs and four, five, six and seven miscellaneous poems written by scholars before the Six Dynasties, collectively referred to as "ancient poems". Quatrains, also known as quatrains, are a form of almost physical metrical poems. Five or seven words are all four sentences, and the rhyme is smooth and free.

As far as the classification of poetry is concerned, ancient quatrains can actually be regarded as ancient poems with free form. Modern Poetry Modern poetry sprouted in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and formed in the "metrical poetry" in the Tang Dynasty.

Its characteristics are: chapters have definite sentences, sentences have definite characters, characters have definite sounds, and there are certain rules in leveling, rhyming and antithesis. It includes three types: metrical poems, quatrains and alliteration.

New Poetry New Poetry is a new poetic style formed since the May 4th Movement. It breaks through the strict metrical constraints of classical poetry, absorbs the excellent traditions of China folk songs extensively on the basis of drawing lessons from foreign poems, and expresses people's thoughts, feelings, wishes and demands in refined vernacular language.

The characteristic of lyric poetry is to directly express the author's thoughts and feelings, thus reflecting social life and times. It doesn't have a complete story, even if it depicts typical things, it is to express ambition or send feelings.

Their wishes and feelings are directly or indirectly derived from life and related to a specific social background. Narrative Poetry Narrative poetry is characterized by narration. Compared with lyric poetry, narrative poetry has a relatively complete story and vivid characters.

However, its narrative is full of the poet's strong feelings and strong lyrical elements. Require narrative and lyricism to be integrated.

Reasoning poetry, in a broad sense, is included in lyric poetry, mainly by means of scenery description to explain profound philosophy. The characteristic of free verse is that it is not restricted by metrical rules, and its number of words and sentences depends entirely on the needs of lyric and narrative.

Use spoken English more, with a certain rhythm and similar rhyme, so that you can express your thoughts and feelings more freely. Metric poetry originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and matured in the Tang Dynasty.

Refers to poetry with strict format and rhythm. Its number of words, sentences, bars, levels and rhymes are strictly regulated. If changes are needed, they must be made according to certain rules.

Modern metrical poems are more free in form than the old ones, but they still emphasize metrical poems. A style of prose poetry.

Prose-style poetic style has poetic artistic conception and profound connotation of prose. Prose poems are short in length and exquisite in language, and often contain rich philosophy or thought-provoking things in limited space, which is thought-provoking and enlightening.

It has no fixed number of words per sentence. The whole is patchwork, not arranged in a row, showing a kind of uneven beauty. Although scattered in shape, it is full of poetry and painting.

Yuefu Poetry Yuefu Poetry is an ancient poem related to music, which was the most popular in the Han Dynasty. Yuefu poetry in Han Dynasty initiated magazine-style poetry and complete five-character poetry, with richer narrative content, which marked the new development of ancient narrative poetry in China.

Famous works include Mulberry on the Stranger, Peacock Flying Southeast, Mulan Poetry and so on. Poems by literati are poems created by some literati imitating folk songs, which are no longer folk songs. It can only be said that it is a poem written in the form of folk songs and belongs to literati poetry.

Folk songs Folk songs are edited by the masses after people recite poems orally. Xintianyou Xintianyou, also known as "Shuntian Tour", is a folk song form in northern Shaanxi.

Free and flexible form; Two sentences and one section can change rhyme; Multi-purpose comparison technology; The sentence is mainly seven words, flexible and changeable. Ci is a new metrical poem with musical singing.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the music introduced from the western regions gradually merged with the Han tradition.