The story General Taiping comes from Sima Qian's biographies such as Historical Records, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru. It is composed of three short stories: Return to Zhao in a Perfect Way, Mianchi Meeting, and Apologize with a humble apology. The story of "harmony but difference" preaches: all rivers run into the sea, and tolerance is great; Make peace with each other and level the world.
Brief introduction to the story
During the Warring States Period, Lin Xiangru, the Scheerer of the State of Zhao, was ordered to go to the State of Qin and returned to the State of Zhao intact, so he was named a doctor. He also accompanied the prince of Zhao to the Mianchi meeting set by the king of Qin, so that the king of Zhao would not be insulted by the king of Qin. In recognition of Lin Xiangru's contribution, Prince Zhao named Lin Xiangru as Shangqing. A veteran like Lian Po thinks he is invincible and invincible. Lin Xiangru is just a weak scholar, but he is more powerful than other officials. He was very dissatisfied with this and said to people many times, "If I see him in the future, I must humiliate him." When Lin Xiangru learned about this, he put national affairs first, so he called in sick and didn't go to court. He tried not to see him. Later, Lian Po learned that Lin Xiangru's move was entirely on the grounds of state affairs, and offered a humble apology to Lin Xiangru. The latter two joined forces and began to try their best to help Wang Zhao govern the country.
Return to Zhao intact.
There is a treasure jade in Chu called He Shibi, which was acquired by Zhao Haoqi Huiwen. When King Zhao of Qin heard about it, he proposed to exchange 15 for Heshibi. Zhao Huiwen summoned Lin Xiangru, and Lin Xiangru offered to take Cui to Qin. If Zhao gets the city of Qin, she will stay in Qin. Otherwise, she will return it to Zhao intact. When Lin Xiangru arrived in Qin, he presented Choi. The king of Qin was overjoyed, but he didn't give these cities to Zhao. Lin Xiangru said that the jade had a small flaw and wanted to show it to Zhao Haoqi of Qin, so he took Baoyu back. He stood by the court pillar and said, The prince of Zhao is worried that the state of Qin is strong and refuses to give the jade to the city. I persuaded him to agree. Stop fighting for five days, and then let me come with Bi to show my respect and respect for the majesty of Qin. Unexpectedly, the king's manners are simple and slow, and he has no sincerity to deliver to the cities. Now, if the king must take Baoyu away, I'd rather smash my head on the post with Baoyu. The state of Qin had no choice but to leave the city of 15 to Zhao. Lin Xiangru estimated that the king of Qin just pretended to cope, so he proposed to fast for five days, and then communicate seriously. King Qin Zhao had to agree. Lin Xiangru sent his entourage to secretly return to Zhao from the path. After Qin Zhaowang fasted and held the exchange ceremony, Lin Xiangru told Qin Zhaowang about sending Choi back to Zhao, thus preserving Choi.
A meeting at the pool.
In the second year of Lin Xiangru's safe return to Zhao, in the seventeenth year of Zhao Huiwen (282 BC), Qin invaded and captured the two cities of Zhao on the grounds that Zhao would not join forces with him. In the eighteenth year of Zhao Huiwen (28 1 BC), Qin Jun invaded Zhao and captured Shicheng (about southwest of Linxian County, Henan Province). In the 19th year of Zhao Huiwen (280 BC), General Qin led an army to attack Zhao, took the Wolf City (about the west of Gaoping County, Shanxi Province) and killed 30,000 people. Qin threatened Zhao in the military and forced Zhao to yield in diplomacy. In the 20th year of Huiwen in Zhao Haoqi (279 BC), the king of Qin sent an envoy to inform the king of Zhao to meet in Mianchi (now Mianchi County, Henan Province) outside Xihe River. The prince of Zhao was afraid of Qin and wanted to politely refuse to go. After discussing with Lin Xiangru, Lian Po said to the king of Zhao, "Your Majesty's failure to attend the meeting shows that Zhao is timid." So the prince of Zhao decided to take Lin Xiangru with him to see the king of Qin. When Lian Po sent him to the border, he agreed to bid farewell to the Prince of Zhao: "After you left, it is estimated that the round trip and meeting etiquette will be completed, but it only takes 30 days. If you don't come back in 30 days, please let the prince cut off the idea of Qin detaining you as a threat. " Wang Zhao agreed.
Zhao Wang went to Mianchi to see Qin Wang. During the dinner, when the king of Qin was having a good time, he said to the king of Zhao, "I heard that you like playing the harp. Please play a song for me. " Zhao Wang played a song at the banquet. Historians of the state of Qin stood up and wrote, "On a certain day of a certain month, the king of Qin and the king of Zhao drank wine and ordered the king of Zhao to play the piano." Lin Xiangru went up to the king of Qin and said, "The king of Zhao heard that the king of Qin was good at piano music. Today, I offer a pot, and invite the king of Qin to knock on the door for entertainment. " The king of Qin was very angry and refused to agree. Lin Xiangru came up with a basin and knelt down to the king of Qin. The king of Qin still refused to knock. Lin Xiangru said, "I am less than five steps away from the King. If the king doesn't agree to my request, I will spill the blood from my neck on him! " Qin Wang's guards tried to kill Lin Xiangru, but Lin Xiangru glared at them loudly, scaring those people straight back. The king of Qin was very unhappy and had to knock the hammer. Lin Xiangru turned to Zhao's history books and wrote: "On a certain day in a certain year, the king of Qin attacked the king of Zhao." The warlord of Qin said, "Please ask the king of Zhao to send fifteen cities to the king of Qin as a gift." Lin Xiangru also said: "Please ask the king of Qin to give the capital Xianyang to the king of Zhao as a gift." Until the end of the banquet, Qin could not get the upper hand of Zhao. Zhao mobilized troops to guard against the invasion of Qin, who dared not act rashly.
Apologize humbly
During the Warring States period, there were seven great powers, namely, Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, which were called "Seven Heroes of the Warring States" in history. Of these seven countries, Qin is the most powerful. Qin often bullies Zhao On one occasion, the Prince of Zhao sent Lin Xiangru, the servant of the minister, to the State of Qin to negotiate. When Lin Xiangru met the King of Qin, with his wit and courage, he won a lot of face for Zhao. The king of Qin saw that Zhao had such talents and dared not look down upon Zhao again. The prince of Zhao sees that Lin Xiangru is so capable. He was named "Shangqing" (equivalent to the later prime minister).
The prince of Zhao valued Lin Xiangru very much and was furious with General Zhao Lian Po. He thought: I worked hard for Zhao and earned as much money as Lin Xiangru, didn't I? Lin Xiangru with his mouth open, what's the great skill, status is higher than me! The more he thought about it, the more unconvinced he became. He said angrily, "If I run into Lin Xiangru, I'll embarrass him face to face and see what he can do to me!"
Lian Po's words reached Lin Xiangru's ears. Lin Xiangru immediately ordered his men to meet Lian Po's men in the future, so they must make way and not quarrel with them. He went out by car. As soon as I hear that Lian Po is ahead, let the coachman drive into the alley and wait for Lian Po to pass.
People in Lian Po were even more carried away when they saw Shangqing let his master go like this. When they saw Lin Xiangru's people, they laughed at them. Lin Xiangru's men couldn't stand this anger, so they said to Lin Xiangru, "Your position is higher than that of General Lian. When he scolds you, you avoid him and let him go, and he will no longer take you seriously! We can't stand it like this. "
Lin Xiangru asked them calmly: "Compared with the king of Qin, who is better?" Everyone said, "Of course, the king of Qin is awesome." Lin Xiangru said, "Yes! I'm not afraid of the king of Qin, so am I afraid of even the general? You know, the state of Qin now dares not fight Zhao, because the domestic civil servants and military commanders are United. We are like two tigers. If two tigers fight, one of them will be injured or even killed, which gives a good opportunity to attack Zhao. Think about it, what matters is the country or the personal face? "
Lin Xiangru's men were very moved. When they saw Lian Po's men, they were very cautious and always let them go.
Lin Xiangru's remarks later reached the ears of Lian Po. Lian Po was extremely ashamed. So he took off his shirt, carried a bundle of Vitex negundo, and went straight to Lin Xiangru's house. Lin Xiangru hurriedly came out to meet Lian Po. Lian Po knelt down to Lin Xiangru, holding Vitex negundo in his hands, and asked Lin Xiangru to whip himself. Lin Xiangru threw Vitex negundo on the ground, hurriedly lifted Lian Po up with both hands, dressed him, and held his hand to let him sit down.
Lin Xiangru and Lian Po became good friends from then on. These two men are skilled in writing, fighting for their country, and Qin is even more afraid to bully Zhao. "offer a humble apology" has become an idiom, meaning to apologize to others and admit one's mistakes.
Personality quality
Lian Po: Be brave in reform and put national interests first.
Lin Xiangru: He has both wisdom and courage, is not afraid of violence, puts national interests first, takes the overall situation into consideration, and understands the general situation.
Introduction of related figures
Lian Po (327 BC-243 BC)
At the end of the warring States period, Zhao was a famous soldier and an outstanding strategist. Repeatedly defeated Qi, Wei and other countries, Huiwen, who made great contributions to Zhao, named him Shangqing. In the battle of Changping, the solid wall was trapped for three years; Later, Zhao Haoqi and Cheng Xiao fell into the trap of Qin State and replaced Lian Po with Zhao Kuo, which was a fiasco. Yan took the opportunity to attack Zhao, and Cheng Xiao reused Lian Po and defeated Yan. The Prince of Zhao named Lian Po as Xinping Army and Ren Xiangguo. When Zhao mourned the king, Lian Po was frustrated and went to Wei; Wei didn't trust him very much, so he didn't use it again. He went to Chu State again and became a general of Chu State. Finally, he died of old age in Wei. There is a famous saying: Lian Po is too old to eat!
Lin Xiangru (329 BC-259 BC)
Zhao Shangqing was a famous politician and diplomat in the Warring States Period.
When Zhao Huiwen became king, he got a rare treasure jade, which Qin Guoqiang and Lin Xiangru exchanged for 15 city. Lin Xiangru was ordered to take the jade to the State of Qin to go to court with the king of Qin, and returned it to Zhao intact. Later, the prince of Zhao named Lin Xiangru as a doctor.
In 279 BC, he followed Zhao Huiwen to Mianchi (now Mianchi West, Henan Province) to meet the king of Qin, so that the king of Zhao would not be humiliated in Qin. After returning home, he was named Shangqing for his work, ranking above Lian Po, and Lian Po was indignant. Lin Xiangru puts national security first and tolerates Lian Po. Lian Po endured an epiphany, offered a humble apology, and the two became close friends. Turn the story of Xianghe into a beautiful talk. Zhao Huiwen Wang (about 307 BC-266 BC, about 42 years old), also known as Wen Wang, was originally named Zhao He, the second son of Zhao Lingwu Wang. During the Warring States Period, there were ministers of civil and military affairs such as Lin Xiangru, Lian Po, Li Mu and Zhao She, who were politically clear and powerful.
Qin Xiaogong (3865438 BC+0-338 BC)
During the Warring States period, Qin was the monarch. Won the surname, famous Quliang. In the pre-Qin period, men called their surnames instead of their surnames. Although I won the surname, it is not called Ququliang. Son of Qin Xiangong. 36 1 year ago-338 years before his reign. Qin Xiaogong made great use of Wei Yang (that is, Shang Yang) to carry out political reform, rewarded the agricultural war, moved the capital to Xianyang (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi), set up county-level administration, and opened up a new road. While strengthening centralization, we will continuously improve agricultural production. Externally, Qin befriended Chu and Han, joined forces with Qi and Zhao to attack Wei Anyi (northwest of Xiaxian County in Shanxi Province) and expanded to the east of Luoshui. From then on, the national strength became stronger and stronger, which laid the foundation for Qin to unify China. filial piety/mourning
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historical materials
Seven Heroes of Warring States Period
The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are a period in the history of China (475 BC-22 BC1). At that time, there were seven powerful countries, namely, Qin, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Yan, Wei and Han, which were called "Seven Heroes of the Warring States". Seven chivalrous men coexist, and wars are frequent. Qin is the strongest one. Qin is located in the west of Hangu Pass, and the other six countries are in the east of Hangu Pass. To the east of Zhao State is the rich and powerful Qi State, and to the west is the powerful Qin State. Zhao is sandwiched between two big countries. The story of "returning to Zhao in one piece" happened when the State of Qin made an all-out attack on Chu. The State of Qin could not concentrate more troops against Zhao, so the Seven Heroes of the Warring States took advantage of Zhao's threat.
The official positions of doctor and Qing are divided into three levels: upper, middle and lower, with the upper doctor being the highest-ranking doctor. Shang Qing is the highest official post below the vassal. In the sixteenth year of King Zhao of Huiwen (283 BC), Lian Po was promoted to Shangqing for his meritorious service in cutting Qi. Lin Xiangru is also Shangqing, but because he is a civilian, he was on the right of Lian Po when he was in court. Before the Qin and Han Dynasties, power was respected, so the article said that Lin Xiangru's position was higher than that of Lian Po.
Zhao perished.
Zhao died in the twenty-first year (245 BC), and his son Zhao Yan succeeded him as the king of Zhao Mou. Sad fatuous, abolish the virtuous prince, and move Zhao, who is not virtuous, to be the prince. King Mouxiang died after nine years in office, and Zhao ascended the throne for the Miao king.
In 229 BC, Qin attacked Zhao, and King Miao of Zhao sent Li Mu and Sima Shang to resist. Li Mu is an outstanding general of Zhao. In 233 BC, he defeated Qin Jun Yu Fei (now Lulong, Hebei Province) and was awarded the title of Wu Anjun. General Qin has always been afraid of Li Mu, so he used double agents to buy off Guo Kai, the favorite of Zhao Miaowang. So Guo Kai spread rumors that Li Mu and Sima Shang were going to rebel. Zhao Qian, the Miao king, has been fatuous and immoral since childhood. He listened to rumors without analysis, replaced Li Mu and Sima Shang with Zhao Cong and Yanju, and killed Li Mu. When I heard that Li Mu was dead, Wang Jian, a general of Qin State, led an army to defeat Zhao State and killed him in World War I.. Qin Jun broke through and broke Han. Captured Zhao Haoqi Youmiao. Exile him to Fangling, Henan. Minister Zhao Li is the acting king, both in Yecheng (now southwest of Yuxian County, Hebei Province). In 36 BC (222 BC), Qin Jun marched into Daicheng. Dai Wang Jia Qin,
In the twentieth year of Zhao Huiwen (278 BC), Lian Po conquered an army of Qi. In February of the twentieth year of Huiwen (276 BC), he cut Qi again and captured Jiucheng. The following year, Lian Po attacked Wei and captured Fangling (now twenty miles south of Anyang, Henan Province) and Anyang City (now forty-three miles southwest of Anyang County, Henan Province). It is precisely because of Lian's friendship with Lin that Zhao United as one and served the country, which made Zhao once strong.
In 266 BC, Zhao Huiwen died and became king. At this time, at the request of Fan Sui, the State of Qin adopted the strategy of "making friends with Qi and Chu", and at the same time attacked small neighboring countries. In the fifty-fifth year of Zhou Nanwang (260 BC), the State of Qin attacked Shangdang in North Korea. The south Korean defenders attending the banquet were helpless, so the satrap dedicated the banquet to Zhao. As a result, there was a war between Qin and Zhao in Shangdang area. At this time, Zhao She was dead, Lin Xiangru was seriously ill, and only Lian Po was in charge of military affairs. So, Lian Po was ordered to command two hundred thousand Zhao soldiers and keep them out of Changping (now northwest of Gaoping County, Shaanxi Province) (see the battle of Changping). At that time, Qin Jun had taken the wild king from the south (now Qinyang, Henan) and slightly joined the Party from the north (now central Shanxi), cutting off the connection between Changping and the south, and his morale was high. The Zhao army came from afar, not only at a disadvantage, but also at a passive disadvantage. Faced with this situation, Lian Po correctly adopted the operational policy of establishing base areas to hold on, consuming the enemy and attacking the enemy with cameras. He ordered Zhao to build a tight barrier by virtue of mountain hazards. Despite Qin Jun's several challenges, Lian Po always shuts the crowd out. At the same time, the people in Shangdang area were concentrated, engaged in battlefield transportation, and committed to building fortifications against Qin. Zhao heavily guarded, unable to meet the challenge, and his spirit gradually lost. In order to defeat Qin Jun's plan of a quick victory, Lian Po fought hard and persisted for three years. Seeing that it was impossible to make a quick decision, Qin persuaded the prince of Zhao with trickery. What Qin was most worried about and afraid of was to replace Lian Po with Zhao Kuo. Zhao Wang was eager to win, and finally fell into a trap. He thinks that Lian Po is afraid of war, forcing him to resign from Lian Po and use Zhao Kuo as his general. Although Lin Xiangru protested that Zhao Kuo, an armchair strategist, was not suitable for this post, the prince of Zhao did not listen and appointed Zhao Kuo as general. After Zhao Kuo replaced Lian Po, Lian Po's strategic plan was completely changed and many officers were replaced. Seeing that Zhao Kuo became a general, Qin secretly asked Wu's troops to attack Zhao. In Changping, he defeated the Zhao Kuo army, shot and killed Zhao Kuo, and trapped more than 400,000 Zhao soldiers. In the battle of Zhao Changping, Zhao lost 450 thousand people.
After the battle of Changping, Qin took the opportunity to surround Handan, the capital of Zhao (see the battle of Handan), which lasted more than a year. Fortunately, Wei's son Xin stole the military symbol and saved him, but his national strength was greatly reduced.
Heshibi originated in Handan (6 photos)
Yan took Zhao to Changping, and Prime Minister Li abdomen was the general. In view of Zhao's situation that "the strong are all in Changping, but they are unable to do their own thing", Qin sent troops to attack Zhao in the 56th year (the first 25 1 year). Zhao named Lian Po as a general and commanded the famous battle of governance. He divided the whole army into two roads. One led by Lecheng went straight to the local area to fight against the Yan army on the West Road, and the other led by himself to face the main force of the Yan army in Juancheng (now Baixiang County, Hebei Province). Lian Po commanded Zhao, who was jointly guarding the township, and adopted the tactics of concentrating his forces and bashing the enemy head-on. The first battle was successful, which defeated the enemy soldiers and knocked out the arrogance of the Yan army. Then, he led the Zhao army to defeat the main force of the Yan army and cut the chestnut belly. Commander-in-Chief Yan Jun was beheaded and fled in panic. Lian Po seized the opportunity of the retreat of the Yan army, and ordered the Zhao army to pursue 56-point attack and drive five hundred miles. In the first 250 years, he entered Ji (now Beijing), the capital of Yan State. The prince of Yan was very happy to see that Yan was in danger, so he had to agree to all the requirements of Zhao, such as ceding 5 cities and making peace with Zhao. Lian Po was honored as the prime minister for his work. About 67 years before and after Ren Xiangguo, Lian Po repeatedly repelled the invading enemy and waited for an opportunity to attack. In the first 245 years, the troops captured Longyang (now the northwest of Neihuang County, Henan Province), indicating that Zhao Guoli had recovered.
Lian Po was dismissed by Changping and went home. When he lost power, all his former clients left. When he was reused as a general, the public gathered again. Lian Po was very excited and asked them to retreat. The public told him that it was nothing strange. Now we make friends by buying and selling in the market. If you have the strength, we will follow you. If you have no electricity, we will leave. This is common sense in business. What's to complain about?
In the second year of Qin Shihuang (245 BC), Zhao Chengxiao died as king, and his son Zhao Dunxiang succeeded him. King Xiang listened to the slanderers of treacherous court official Guo Kai, dismissed Lian Po and sent Lecheng instead of Lian Po. Angry at being excluded, Lian Po attacked Lecheng, and Lecheng fled. Lian Po left Zhao and went to Liang of Wei (now Kaifeng, Henan). Lian Po lived in Daliang for a long time. Although Wang Wei took him in, he didn't trust him. Because Zhao was besieged for many times, the king of Zhao wanted to appoint Lian Po and Lian Po wanted to be appointed by Zhao. The prince of Zhao sent Tang Jiu, the eunuch, to see Lian Po with a pair of precious armor and four fast horses to see if Lian Po could still be used. Guo Kai, the enemy of Lian Po, secretly gave Tang Jiu a lot of money and spoke ill of Lian Po, fearing that Lian Po would take power again. When Zhao's emissary met Lian Po, Lian Po was very happy to hear that Zhao Wang wanted to use him. He ate a bucket of rice and 10 Jin of meat at a meal in front of him, put on his armor and got on the horse, which showed that he was still useful. But the messenger came back and reported to the king of Zhao: "General Lian is old and eats well, but he sat with me and shit three times in a short time." The prince of Zhao thought Lian Po was old, so he was not appointed, and Lian Po never had a chance to serve his country again.
When Chu heard that Lian Po was in Wei, he secretly sent someone to meet him. After Lian Po became a general of Chu, he made no achievements. He said: "I want to show my attachment to the folks in my motherland with Zhao people (Biography of Historical Records, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru). However, after all, Zhao failed to reuse him, which led to the depression of this generation of famous soldiers who made great contributions to Zhao Li, and finally died in Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province) of Chu State. Ten years later, Zhao was destroyed by Qin (see the battle of Qin destroying Zhao).
Lian Po Mausoleum is located on the south slope of Niufang Mountain, Bagong Mountain, 7 kilometers north of Shouxian County. The tomb faces west and has a circumference of 300 meters. It borders the Huaihe River in the west and is surrounded by mountains in the north, south and east. A generation of romantic scenery attracts mountains and rivers to win.
He Jia's jade-priceless treasure
"Heshibi" is the name of a piece of Baoyu, which has an extraordinary origin. According to legend, in the Spring and Autumn Period, a man named Bian He found a piece of jade (that is, unprocessed jade) in Chushan and presented it to Li, the king of Chu. Li Guowang asked experts to identify jade, and the result was stone. King Li was furious and thought that Bian He was deceiving himself, so he cut off Bian He's left foot on charges of deceiving the monarch. Soon, Li Wang died and acceded to the throne. Bian He presented this jade to him. King Wu also invited experts to identify jade, which turned out to be stone. King Wu cut off Bian He's right foot for cheating the king. After the death of King Wu, King Wen ascended the throne. Bian He held Yupu to Chushan's feet and cried for three days and nights. Tears dried up, and finally I cried blood. When King Wen heard this, he sent someone to ask him, saying, "Many people in the world don't cry like this because their feet have been cut off. Why are you crying like this? " Bian He replied, "I didn't cry because my foot was cut off. I am sad that someone actually called Baoyu a stone and accused a loyal minister of cheating. " King Wen sent someone to process this jade pu, which proved to be a rare treasure. So I named this treasure jade "He Shibi". Because of its rarity and extraordinary origin, this piece of Baoyu has become a world-recognized treasure with great value. This is also the reason why the king of Qin did not hesitate to use the fifteen cities as "bait" to defraud the king of Zhao of "harmony".
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Origin of idioms
Return to Zhao intact, offer a humble apology, and meet at Mianchi.
Description: This means that Lin Xiangru returned He Shibi from Qin to Zhao intact. After the metaphor returned to the original intact.
From: "Historical Records Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "The city entered Zhao and was stationed in Qin; If you don't enter the city, please return it to Zhao. "
Please rest assured that these two things will come back soon. I will take care of it. ◎ Yao's Li Zicheng, Volume I, Chapter 26
Synonym: return things to their original owners.
Antonym: fragmented.
Grammar: subject-predicate type; As predicate and object; Return things to their original owners.
Take a humble apology "Historical Records Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" Baoyu returned to Zhao intact [3] Explanation: negative: carrying; Jing: Vitex negundo. Confess behind thorns. Express an apology to others. This article refers to Lian Po confessing to Lin Xiangru.
From: "Historical Records Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "Lian Po heard of it, naked, and apologized for visiting Lin Xiangru Gate."
Example: I came to see my good brother today. ◎ Forty-six chapters of Shi Ming Naian's Water Margin
Synonym: blame yourself.
Antonym: Pick out the guilty.
Grammar: linkage; As predicate and attribute; Used to apologize.