Three elements; argument, argument and demonstration

1. Article examples

"Persistence is Victory"

People all want to succeed in their careers or studies Edison invented the battery and was known as the "King of Inventions".

Dickens and Edison achieved their final victory by perseverance. Perseverance enabled Dickens to leave many excellent works to people and add many fine works to the treasure house of world literature; persistence enabled Edison to overcome many difficulties and make indelible contributions to the progress of mankind. It can be seen that persistence can make people achieve career and academic success.

Those losers often fail to persevere at the last moment and give up their efforts, missing out on success. I once remembered that a German chemist seemed to have discovered a new element when he was extracting iodine from seawater. However, faced with the tedious refining and experiments, he retreated. When another chemist spent a year and countless experiments, he finally added a new member to the element family - "bromine" and became famous throughout the ages. The German chemist could only watch silently as the other chemist was immersed in the joy of victory. middle. Of these two chemists, one persisted and succeeded; the other did not persist and failed. It can be seen that persistence is the last obstacle to victory. In the darkest moment, that is, the moment when light is about to come, the more we are in such a moment, the more we need to persevere. Because persistence is victory. (Chang Tianqi)

(The scientist who passed Cl into the immersion solution and missed the opportunity to discover bromine was the German chemist Liebig, and the one who discovered bromine was the French scientist Barrard) 1. The argument is that the author The views, opinions, and opinions on a certain issue or a certain type of event put forward in an article must be correct, clear, and targeted, and are generally expressed in the title of the article, or the first sentence, or the end. For example, the argument of the article "Persistence is Victory" is that if a person wants to achieve academic or career success, persistence is an important condition.

2. Arguments

Arguments are evidence that proves that the argument is correct. To prove that an argument is correct, first of all, the evidence must feel real, credible, and able to fully prove the argument. Secondly, the arguments must be typical and have the effect of “one is equivalent to ten”. Third, the arguments should be novel, and try to find some fresh arguments that can give people new feelings and revelations.

For example, the positive and negative examples of Dickens, Edison and German chemists cited in the article "Persistence is Victory" are all arguments used to prove the argument, which are both typical and surprising. People feel authentic and trustworthy.

3. Argument process

Argument is the process of using arguments to prove arguments. The purpose of argumentation is to reveal the internal logical relationship between arguments and arguments.

Three Elements - Introduction 2

There are three elements in an argumentative essay: argument, argument, and demonstration.

Write an opinion based on the topic and then elaborate on it. The important thing is to have the ability to persuade. All three elements are indispensable. Take a closer look at the following, and you can try to write more in the future, so that your composition will be more effective. There can be progress. In addition, you should also memorize some famous aphorisms and celebrity examples for better application in your composition.

(1) Argument

(1) The meaning of argument: Argument is the point of view to be discussed and expounded in the article, and it is the opinion and proposition that the author wants to express. When reading an argumentative essay, the first thing is to find, extract and understand the argument of the article.

(2) There are several arguments: the argument of an article can be one or more than one. If there is more than one argument, the central argument needs to be made clear. These arguments (except for the central argument) can be parallel or progressive, but they should all obey the central argument of the full text.

(3) Position of the argument: The argument of the article can be arranged at the beginning, the middle or the end of the article, and sometimes it is the title. That is, it can be placed anywhere in the article. But more often than not, it is at the beginning of the article, and the same is true for paragraph arguments. When there are similar sentences at the beginning and end, the one at the beginning is the argument, and the one at the end is the echo argument.

(4) Presentation method of arguments: Some arguments are expressed in clear sentences in the article, and we only need to find them; some are not expressed directly in clear sentences. It requires readers to extract and summarize it themselves.

(5) When presenting and establishing arguments, attention should be paid to:

①Correctness: The persuasiveness of the argument is rooted in the correct reflection of objective things, which in turn depends on the author’s position , whether the viewpoint, attitude, and method are correct. If the argument itself is incorrect or even absurd, no matter how hard you argue, it will not convince people. Therefore, correct arguments are the minimum requirement for an argumentative essay.

②Clarity: What you agree with and what you oppose should be very clear, not ambiguous or vague.

③Novelty: The argument should be as novel and profound as possible, beyond the opinions of others. It should not repeat other people’s clichés, nor be irrelevant and general talk. It should be as unique and novel as possible.

(2) Arguments

(1) What are arguments: Arguments are the materials and basis to prove the argument.

(2) Types of arguments:

①Factual materials As factual materials for arguments, they can be a. specific examples, b. Summarized facts, c. Statistics,

② Theoretical materials. Theoretical materials used as arguments can be a. Classic works and wise sayings of predecessors, b. Folk proverbs and sayings, C. Scientific axioms, laws, etc.

(3) Requirements for using arguments: 1. Confirmation. We must choose the hard and typical facts. When citing theoretical materials that have been tested in practice as arguments, attention must be paid to the precise meaning of the cited theory itself. ②Typicality. The examples cited should be broadly representative and represent the common characteristics and general nature of this type of thing. ③Unity of arguments and arguments. Arguments are meant to prove arguments, so the two should be closely linked and consistent.

(3) Argument

(1) What is argument: Argument is the process of using arguments to prove an argument. The argument of the argumentative essay is to solve the problem of "what to prove", the argument is to solve the problem of "what to prove", and the argument is to solve the problem of "how to make the argument". The purpose of argumentation is to reveal the internal logical relationship between arguments and arguments.

(2) Types of argument: Argumentative argumentation is generally divided into two types: argumentation and refutation.

① Argument is a method of argumentation that uses sufficient arguments to positively prove the correctness of the author's own argument; ② Refutation is a method of argumentation that uses powerful arguments to refute other people's wrong arguments. Both argumentation and refutation are a kind of proof. One is to prove that it is correct from the positive side, and the other is to prove that it is wrong from the negative side. They can use essentially the same argumentation methods.

(3) Basic argumentation methods: including three major categories and five types: induction, illustration, deduction, metaphor, and comparison.

①Induction method. Inductive argument is a method of argumentation from the specific to the general. It uses many individual examples or sub-arguments, and then summarizes their unique characteristics to draw a general conclusion. The induction method can first give examples and then draw conclusions, or it can first put forward conclusions and then prove them with examples. The former is what we usually call the induction method, and the latter is what we call the illustration method. The illustration method is an argumentation method that uses individual and typical concrete examples to prove the argument.

②Deductive method. Deductive argument is a method of argumentation from general to specific. It proceeds from general principles to derive conclusions about individual cases, and the connection between the premises and the conclusion is necessary. There are many forms of deduction such as syllogism, hypothetical reasoning, disjunctive reasoning, etc., but the most important one is syllogism. A syllogism consists of three parts: major premise, minor premise and conclusion. For example, the major premise "all metals can conduct electricity", the minor premise "iron is a metal", and the conclusion "so iron can conduct electricity".

③Comparative method. Comparative argument is a method of argumentation from individual to individual. It is usually divided into two categories, one is the analogy method and the other is the contrast method. Analogy is a method of comparing different things that have the same or similar properties and characteristics in some aspects to draw conclusions. The contrast method is a method of proving arguments through comparisons between different things whose properties and characteristics are opposite or antagonistic in some aspects.

(4) Argumentation methods are also called example argumentation, comparative argumentation, quotation argumentation, and metaphorical argumentation.

(5) Refutation methods: There are three methods of refutation, namely ①refuting arguments, ②refuting arguments, and ③refuting arguments. Since an argumentative essay is organically composed of three parts: argument, argument, and demonstration, refuting the argument or argument also denies the argument, which has the same effect as directly refuting the argument. A refutation paper can be combined with several refutation methods to enhance the power and persuasiveness of the refutation.

① Refuting arguments, that is, directly refuting the one-sidedness, falsehood or fallacy of the opponent's argument itself. This is the most commonly used method in refutation. ② Refuting arguments, that is, revealing the errors in the other party's arguments in order to overthrow the other party's arguments; because wrong arguments must lead to wrong arguments. ③Rebuttal argument, that is, expose the opponent's logical errors in the argumentation process, such as the contradiction between the major premise, minor premise and conclusion, the contradiction between the opponent's arguments, the contradiction between the argument and the evidence, etc.

Edit this paragraph three elements of argumentative essay - Introduction 3

Details the three elements of argumentative essay: argument, argument, demonstration

Argument

Definition: The author’s opinions and opinions on the issues discussed (events, phenomena, characters, concepts, etc.)

Form: A complete judgment sentence with a clear stance on the topic

1. Argumentative papers generally have only one central argument. Some argumentative papers also propose several sub-arguments around the central argument. The sub-arguments are used to supplement or prove the central argument. As long as the relationship between these arguments is studied, the main and subordinate points can be distinguished.

2. How to find the central argument. An argument should be a clear judgment, a complete statement of the author's opinion, and should be in the form of a complete sentence. The positions can be divided into: article title, article beginning, article end, article middle, and some require readers to summarize. The general format is (…) is (…) (But in the exam, it is best to make the argument clear, because the marking teacher does not have much time to read, so it is best to make it clear to them at a glance.

(In order to prevent yourself from unnecessary deductions)

Note: rhetorical questions and metaphors cannot be used as arguments

Arguments

It is the material to support the argument. It is the reason and basis used by the author to prove the argument

1. Factual evidence: Facts play a very obvious role in argumentative essays. Analyze the facts, see the truth, and test whether they are logically consistent with the article points. (Representative examples, conclusive data, reliable historical facts, etc.). Factual arguments include examples and data.

2． Reasonable arguments: The theories used as arguments are always familiar to readers or generally recognized by society. They are the result of abstraction and generalization of a large number of facts. Theoretical arguments include famous aphorisms, proverbs and mottos as well as the author's reasoning analysis.

Argument

The process and method of using arguments to prove arguments

The relationship between arguments and sub-arguments: proving and being proved

Discussion The arguments and arguments in the text are organized through arguments. Argument is the process and method of using arguments to prove arguments. It is the logical relationship between arguments and arguments. The argument is to solve "what needs to be proved", the argument is to solve "what to prove", and the argument is to solve "how to prove".

The argument methods include the following:

1. Argument with examples (factual argument): List conclusive, sufficient, representative examples to prove the argument; (Function: Concretely and forcefully demonstrate the point of view (main argument or sub-argument) to enhance the persuasiveness of the article)

2. Proof of argument: Use incisive insights from Marxist-Leninist classics, famous sayings of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign celebrities, and recognized theorems and formulas to prove arguments; (Function: effectively demonstrate the point of view (main argument or sub-argument) and enhance the authority of the article

3. Comparative argument: compare the positive and negative arguments or arguments, and prove the argument in the comparison; (Function: highlight and comprehensively demonstrate the point of view (main argument or sub-argument) , impressive)

4. Metaphorical argument: Using familiar things as metaphors to prove an argument. (Function: vividly demonstrate the point of view (main argument or sub-argument), making the article easy to understand, easy to understand and accept) In addition, in the refutation, the method of "using the spear of the son and attacking the shield of the son" is often used Methods of criticism and "reductio ad absurdum". It is often used comprehensively in most argumentative papers.

5. Citation argument: Citation argument is more complicated, which is related to the specific citation materials, such as citing famous quotes, aphorisms, authoritative data, anecdotes of famous people, jokes and anecdotes. (Function: For specific analysis, quoting celebrity quotes, aphorisms, and authoritative data can enhance the persuasiveness and authority of the argument; quoting celebrity anecdotes and anecdotes can enhance the interest of the argument and attract readers to read further.

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