Judging from the number of words, most idioms have four words, but there are also three words, such as "unwarranted" and "Reservoir Dogs", five words, such as "nothing is difficult in the world", six words, such as "behave yourself when you come" and seven words, such as "risk". If the language is concise, rich in meaning and properly used, it can make the language.
To use idioms accurately, we must correctly understand and grasp the meaning of idioms. Why are there so many four-character idioms? This is probably because four words are easier to grasp.
For example, China's ancient poetry collection "The Book of Songs" consists of four sentences, and the ancient history "Shangshu" also has some four sentences. Later, beginners read three-character classics, hundreds of surnames and thousands of words, the latter two of which are four sentences.
The first, second and third episodes of Four-eyed Miscellaneous Son and Long Wen Whip Shadow are all four words. Although this is a sermon, it shows that these four words are loved and recited by people.
As I said before, idioms are mostly composed of four words, and the few are less than four words or more than four words; Especially there are even fewer idioms with less than four words. Therefore, when the Japanese speak Chinese, there is a saying of "four-character Chinese" (see Modern Middle School Putonghua edited by Yoshida Mori, 1978 edition), and some of them are also called "four-character idioms" (see Middle School Putonghua edited by Quan Zhongzhi, 1978 edition).
But some of the idioms they listed in Four-character Chinese and Four-character Idioms are not what we call idioms, because we don't have that kind of statement. Such as "from left to right", "semantic", "execution hesitation" and "query response".
For another example, they all regard "spring, summer, autumn and winter", "left and right" and "east, west, north and south" as "four-word idioms", but we disagree. "Spring, summer, autumn and winter" is a meteorological term, "front, back, left and right" is a common orientation term in daily life, and "east, west, north and south" is a common orientation term in geography.
However, it is undeniable that idioms have four obvious characteristics. For example, the following idioms are not four words in terms of their origin. In other words, these idioms are all abstracted from non-four-character idioms, forming four-character idioms. Look at the relationship between the following idioms and their origins: (1) See through autumn, "clearly see the end of autumn, but can't see the salary.
(Part I of Mencius Liang Wang Hui) (2) Seeking Fish from Wood "If you do what you want, you can still seek fish from wood." ("Mencius Liang Wang Hui" Part I) (3) Get twice the result with half the effort "At present, the country of Wancheng is benevolent and the people enjoy it, but it is still the solution.
A man with a semi-ancient story will get twice the job, but this is the only time. ("Mencius Gongsun Chou" Part I) (4) Carving a boat for a sword "A Chu man waded in the water, and the sword fell from the boat into the water, saying: My sword fell from this.
The ship stopped at the destination, and the Chu people jumped into the water from the marked place to find the sword. The boat works, but not the sword. If you want a sword, isn't it confusing? (Lv Chunqiu Cha Jin) (5) Liu Zongyuan wrote Three Commandments in the Tang Dynasty, one of which was Donkey of Money.
"I'm at the end of my wit" is taken from the story described in this article. (6) A broom is worth 1,000 yuan (or "a broom is treasured by yourself") "China people say that if you have a broom at home, you can enjoy 1,000 yuan, but you will never see it yourself.
(Cao Pi's Dian Lun Wen) From the above point of view, the four-character nature of idioms is very obvious. Or, if there are more than four words, we can reduce it to four words, such as "seeing through autumn" and "looking for fish from the tree", or we can combine two sentences into one sentence with only four words, such as "getting twice the result with half the effort" and "our daughter is precious".
Or write a story with more than one word into four words and become idioms. For example, some words of the ancients could have been aphorisms and idioms.
Just because it was more troublesome to change it to four words, I had to give it up and use it as a guide. For example, The Story of Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower in the Song Dynasty has a good meaning, which means "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later". However, due to the large number of words, idioms cannot be formed. We can only regard it as an epigram, and sometimes it is also an introduction article.
And if "no pains come", it is easy to say and remember, so it can become an idiom. The phrase "all wastes flourish" in Yueyang Tower has become an idiom because it is four words.
Supplement: Idioms are not all four-character, but most of them are four-character. The reasons are as follows: First, the influence of the Book of Songs, which created four-character poetry, has a great influence on later poems in terms of sentence pattern, rhythm and vocabulary. Now many idioms are from the Book of Songs; Second, other ancient literary works and papers, whose important structure is four sentences, many famous philosophical sentences are often used and become idioms; Third, the four words are powerful, catchy and general, so people like to use them, reuse them and pass them on endlessly. Since ancient times, four-character idioms are generally not labeled, and more than five characters are often labeled as "multi-character idioms".
Therefore, four-character idioms account for the majority, and there are about 4,000 commonly used Chinese idioms, of which four-character idioms account for 96%, and the rest are general idioms from two characters to 14. Idioms are mainly in format, usually in four-character format, with only a few other forms. Other forms are "three-character lattice" and "five-character lattice". Their performance is mainly regional, and many idioms are only used in. "Four-character case" is a common form of Chinese idioms and one of the favorite forms of Chinese users. Mr. Wang once pointed out that four syllables seem to have always been four syllables in Chinese, such as Baijia surname, Li, Long Wen whip shadow and so on. There is always a four-word banner in the pavilion, and the most popular idiom is also four words. "
2. Why is there more than one four-character idiom? As the main format of Chinese idioms, it conforms to the benefit principle of language communication, and conveying as much information as possible in concise language should be the benefit principle of language communication. In short, it is "simplicity". Chinese idioms are directly quoted from ancient poems and summarized from ancient myths, fables and historical stories. , or processed from ancient poetry sentences. Its content is quite rich and profound. Considering the benefits of language communication, idioms need an optimal language form, which can not only contain complex and complete meanings, but also be concise. As we all know, idiom is a special fixed phrase, which is a complete unity in meaning. It can't be split and interpreted literally in isolation, and its function is equivalent to a word in application. So it is actually a stereotyped morpheme combination. Most of the morphemes in Chinese are monosyllabic, which are expressed as Chinese characters in writing. Therefore, the number of words is an element that must be considered in seeking brevity. We might as well imagine what would happen if Chinese idioms were more than four words or more. Take Smith and Embattled, for example. If you only use two words, it is obviously not clear. If you use three words, it will be written as "fox fox", "besieged on all sides" and "beyond the reach of the whip", which is simple and clear, but the meaning is very unclear. (A few idioms really need three words to express their meaning completely, so it is not surprising that people expand them into four-character cases for aesthetic reasons. For example, "the battle at hand-the battle at hand" and "not surprisingly" have not increased much, but appear redundant. It can be seen that the four-character idiom is the most concise format. Then, why four-character idioms can be concise depends on the relevant characteristics of Chinese itself. First of all, the word "Zi" that constitutes four-character idioms is mostly monosyllabic morpheme. They integrate form, sound and meaning, and have independent and complete significance. Large information capacity. For example, "seeking truth from facts" is composed of four morphemes, and the meaning of each relatively independent morpheme is organically linked to express a rich and complete meaning. In particular, idioms such as "the donkey is at his wit's end", "waiting for the rabbit" and "carving a boat for a sword" are all described by four morphemes and then metaphorically extended. Make idioms contain richer and deeper meanings beyond the literal meaning. This undoubtedly depends on the favorable conditions of Chinese monosyllabic morpheme expression ability. Secondly, Chinese is a non-morphological language, and the composition of language units mainly depends on word order and function words. The direct combination in word order is closely related to the concise characteristics of four-character idioms. As long as the morphemes entering idioms can match each other semantically and conform to logic and language habits, they can be combined flexibly in word order directly without the help of other language components, forming complex and diverse grammatical relations such as juxtaposition, subject-predicate, deviation, predicate-object, predicate-complement, and expressing rich meanings in this way. For example, "speaking frankly" is a parallel relationship formed by "directness" and "quickness" in subject-predicate relationship; "Capable person is a teacher" is a subject-predicate relationship composed of "capable person" with a positive relationship and "teacher" with a predicate-object relationship, all of which are directly combined by word order. Because of this, it is possible to accommodate such flexible and diverse grammatical structures and load such rich information content in this small world and become a concise unity. Four-character idioms embody the beauty of balance. Paying attention to the beauty of balance is a significant tendency of the traditional aesthetic psychology of the Han nationality, which is reflected in many fields of Chinese culture and art, such as the neat and symmetrical square frame structure, the common parallel prose words in ancient poems and songs, the strict balanced and symmetrical pattern of ancient architecture, and the compactness, symmetry and stability of calligraphy, seal cutting and painting. It shows that our ancestors paid great attention to the beauty of balance. This aesthetic tendency is bound to be projected on Chinese as one of the cultural carriers in China, including people's choice of idiom formats. Four-character idioms are four syllables in pronunciation; There are four square Chinese characters in physics; In the rhythm of morpheme arrangement, most of them are pairwise combinations, such as Dragon and Phoenix Dance, Hundred Rivers Returning to the Sea and knowledgeable person. Grammatically, there are a large number of coordinate structures, such as "just right", "ancient and modern Chinese and foreign" and "a thousand words", which all show a strong beauty of symmetry and balance, so that the four-character idioms meet people's requirements for balanced beauty to a great extent. Secondly, four-character idioms have the beauty of change. Balance does not mean denying change. People pay attention to the beauty of balance while pursuing it, and seek change on the basis of balance. Running script and cursive script in calligraphy art; Cornices, curved corridors, arch bridges, etc. In architectural art, they are all examples of pursuing complex changes in a balanced way. This pursuit of the beauty of change also profoundly affects people's choice of idiom formats. The intricate changes of four-character idioms are manifested in pronunciation, that is, the tone of each word in idioms can form a flat change, forming a ups and downs, such as "seeing at a glance" (flat) in the rhythm of morpheme arrangement, and one or three combinations can be formed in addition to pairwise combinations, such as "danger/imminent", "wood/what has been done", etc. This makes the four-character idiom satisfy people's pursuit of the beauty of change. Because it is a combination of balanced beauty and changeable beauty, it is loved by people, and it completely conforms to the principle of implication, so it is especially favored by people and widely used.
3. Why are there more than four words in idioms and three, five and seven words in idioms? Idioms are now idioms, short sentences composed of fixed words that people are used to in their long-term lives. There are a large number of idioms in Chinese vocabulary. They all have certain sources, and once formed and appeared, they have been used by the people for a long time.
1. The characteristics of idioms. Idioms have two main characteristics. The first feature is a long history.
(1) has a long history. Refers to the historical use of idioms. For example, the idiom "Have confidence, have no fear" first appeared in Xi Palace, which has been used for more than 2,000 years. "Surprise the snake" comes from a story written in the Tang Dynasty, which is at least 1000 years away from "Although you mow the grass, I am surprised the snake". Catch the wind and catch the shadows first appeared in Zhuzi's Complete Book by Zhu in Song Dynasty, two sides and three knives first appeared in Lanji in Yuan Dynasty, and the southern accent and northern tune first appeared in Yanjing Notes by Fu Cha Dunchong in Qing Dynasty. These idioms have a history of 120 or even 8900 years.
(2) Flow length. Refers to the sociality of idiom use. Idioms are accepted by people and widely used in writing or orally. Like some idioms from ancient poetry, they are the original texts intercepted from poems of different times, because they are profound in meaning or vivid in image, and they are epigrams and famous sentences of the whole poem, which are loved by the people, widely used and recited, and can be circulated. For example, "the spring breeze is proud", "the autumn is equally divided", "the wind is full of rain", "the wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road freezes to death", "the wildfire does not go out, and the spring breeze blows high" and so on.
The second feature is that stereotypes remain unchanged. Idiom is a stereotyped and fixed phrase, which is mostly composed of four words. Of course, there are three words, five words or more. For example, "set out", "go up a storey still higher", "Qian Fan by the shipwreck, Wan Muchun by the sick tree" and "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", but this is a minority after all. Why are idioms mostly four-character? This is related to the characteristics of Chinese. Most people in China speak in pairs on syllables. Chinese pays attention to four tones, which can produce aesthetic feeling in sound when reading, and the four-character structure can adapt to various changes of this tone. The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of 305 poems in the history of China literature, which is basically a four-sentence poem. These four words are short and pithy in structure, vivid and lively, and can be read in cadence. In a long historical stage, it influenced poets and writers, and their works influenced people's language. Idioms are basically derived from ancient books and folk spoken language, so idioms are mostly four words.
Moreover, idioms should not only express profound and complex ideas, but also be extremely concise, neither too long nor too short, and four words are the most appropriate.
Idioms have a fixed structure, and their structure and components cannot be changed or changed at will. Some idioms have a group of synonyms or antonyms. For example, the words "Yan" and "Yu" in A Few Words are words with similar meanings; The words "big", "small", "same" and "different" in "similarity" are antonyms, which cannot be replaced casually. For another example, "strange clothes" is synonymous with "strange" and "clothes". Some people write "strange clothes" as "strange clothes", which on the surface only reflects the unclear structure of idioms. For example, "two tigers fighting" can't be said to be "three tigers fighting" or "southern accent transferring to the north", or "eastern accent transferring to the west" or "blind horse" or "blind donkey".
There are many words in the four-character lattice, and some people specially named it "four-character lattice". Some used to be idioms, and some didn't. After a long time, it becomes an idiom. We now have many idioms developed in this way.
2. The source of idioms
Idioms have their origins. It is well documented that one is spoken by the masses and the other is written. First of all, introduce idioms from popular spoken language.
4. What are the four-character idioms that mean there are many people? 1, people come and go (rén láI rén w?ng).
Idiom explanation: People come and go in an endless stream. It also describes being busy with social intercourse.
The origin of the idiom: The hundredth time in Cao Qingxue Qin's Dream of Red Mansions: "I don't think those people who come and go for two or three days can control them. Presumably you didn't give an order, so you have to make us snacks. "
2. An empty lane (xi Ang)
Idiom explanation: this means that every household is rushing to a place; So the house is empty. Now it means that many people get together; The streets are empty. Describe a sensational event.
The origin of the idiom: Song Sushi's poem "Returning to Wanghailou on August 17th": "Look at the tide according to the Ming Dynasty, and thousands of people compete for new makeup."
3. A sea of people (I)
Idiom explanation: a sea of people; Describe how many people gathered.
The origin of the idiom: "Old people in the West Lake win countless victories": "Four mountains and four seas, 3,300, one mountain and one sea, melon mountains and melon seas, Nanshan South China Sea, a sea of people."
Step 4 come in droves
Interpretation of idioms: contention: more; Messy; Stack: duplicate; A lot. Describe one after another.
The source of the idiom: The preface to Song Lou's key words: "The imperial edict of Zen position, the decree of ascending to the extreme, and the change of honorific title are all in public hands, and they are coming one after another, so they should be calmly dealt with and copied."
5. Cross financing
Idiom explanation: the wine glass and the wine piece are in the wrong place. Describe the lively scene when people feast together.
The origin of the idiom: Song Ouyang Xiu's Preface to Drunk Pavilion: "Among the shooters, the player wins, and everyone who sits up is happy."
6. Continuous flow (luò yì bù jué é)
Idiom explanation: a stream: connected before and after; Continuous. Non-stop: It also means non-stop. Describe the frequent traffic of pedestrians, chariots, horses and ships. Continuous. Also known as "endless stream".
The origin of the idiom: Ye Fan's Biography of the Southern Xiongnu in the Southern Dynasties: "I hurried to the cottage, and there was an endless stream."
7. Continuous flow (chu ā n liú b ī xī:)
Interpretation of idioms: Sichuan: River; Flow: flow; Interest: Stop. A metaphor for the passage of time and the endless operation of nature. (2) also describe pedestrians, horses and chariots, ships and other exchanges.
The origin of the idiom: A Thousand Words written by Liang in the Southern Dynasty: "The stream is endless, and it comes naturally."
8. Wedding
Idiom explanation: high: noble. Noble friends filled the seats. Describe many guests.
Idiom origin: Tang Wang Bo's "Teng Xu": "Make friends like a cloud during the ten-day holiday; Meeting thousands of miles is a happy event. "
9. Look at each other from behind (Xiàng bèIāng wàng)
Idiom explanation: item: neck. The original intention is to take care of each other. After describing pedestrians crowded, one after another.
The origin of the idiom: Biography of the Later Han Dynasty by Zuo Xiong, Ye Fan in the Southern Dynasties: "The supervisor is facing the same disease."
10, traffic
Idiom explanation: cars are in an endless stream; Like running water; Horses end to end; Like Youlong. Describe a lot of cars and horses along the way; In droves; A bustling scene. Also known as "Dragon Car Water".
The origin of the idiom: Ye Fan in the Southern Dynasties, Empress Ming Made: "In front of the dragon gate, I saw my family asking about the living, and the car was like running water, Ma Rulong."
5. Idioms such as four-character idioms and multi-character idioms include famous aphorisms: look around, look around, overlook, sigh at the ocean, sigh at the ocean, sigh at the ocean, sigh at the ocean, sigh at the ocean, sigh at the ocean, sigh at the ocean, sigh at the ocean, sigh at the ocean, sigh at the ocean.
Happy, ecstatic, beaming, beaming, beaming, beaming, beaming, beaming, beaming, happy, satisfied, happy, ecstatic.
Looks sad, smiles happily and is listless. You can't help laughing, gloating and getting angry. You are radiant, you are in a trance, you hold your breath, you smile, you are furious, you are angry, you are angry, you cry, you cry, you smile, you smile, you cry.
Beautiful face, radiant face, as beautiful as crown jade, hibiscus out of water.
Jade bone, the ice muscle, is pure and clean, with white eyes and teeth and a greasy face.
The moon is closed, the flowers are ashamed, the fish are heavy and the geese are beautiful.
Guo se Tian Xiang fen Bai Dai hei fu fen Zhu Shi is graceful
Well-dressed, slim, foggy, windy and handsome.
The goose skin of the crane is short and pithy, and it is sallow and emaciated.
Red-faced, red-faced, unkempt and toothless.
Nine-shaped noodles, copper ribs, iron bones, intestines, fat brains, fat bones.
Handsome with a big belly and a well-proportioned figure.
The moon is closed and the flowers are ashamed, and jade bone, an ice muscle, is a gifted scholar and a beautiful woman, sinking fish and falling geese, north of the city, Xu Gong's teeth, white lips, red eyebrows, crying makeup, water hibiscus, graceful, light makeup, heavy makeup, 28 beauties, Fu Fen, He Lang, beauty, beauty, thin and petite, beautiful eyes and eyebrows under the rainforest, and beautiful appearance. Eyes cut water, slim and graceful. I think you still pity the fairy figure, beautiful face, small family background, beautiful jade, beautiful flowers, beautiful peaches, beautiful plums, an extraordinary appearance, a talented person, a smile, a thousand dollars, an elegant manner and a child's teeth. Pan An's lips and teeth are bright.
The intestines are fat and the brain is ugly and grotesque, the sharp mouth and monkey's cheeks are disgusting, the hair is unkempt, and the teeth are painted to swallow charcoal, which is ugly. It is three points like people, and seven points like ghosts, rats, rats, tigers, kisses and bees.
Idioms describing psychology
Nervous, jumpy, distracted, flustered, anxious, anxious, uneasy, bold, utterly confused, heartbroken, cold face, blushing, happy face, graceful brow, high spirits, radiant face, eyes full of joy, face ecstatic, head depressed, head full of laughter, head angry, radiant. I can't wait to worry, I am depressed, I am in high spirits, I am ecstatic, I look around, I am in high spirits, I am in high spirits, I am red, I am in high spirits, and I am cold-faced.
There are many mountains, many mountains, many cliffs, big ups and downs, majestic peaks and dangerous peaks.
Endless, thousands of miles, magnificent, stormy waves, turbid waves emptying, peaks and turns.
The lakes and mountains are beautiful, the mountains and rivers are beautiful, the mountains and rivers are beautiful, the mountains and rivers are interdependent, and the mountains and rivers are together.
Flowers bloom everywhere, under the pen of flowers, in the middle of the month, in the wind, in the snow, like flowers on the moon and in the white grass. On Bagong Mountain, the grass and trees are motionless, and the grain and grass go first.
Treat everyone equally, be clear about everything, be honest and selfless.
Without hesitation, upright, selfless law enforcement.
Integrity, purity, self-denial and self-discipline
Honest, patient and law-abiding.
Firmness, loyalty, faithfulness, poverty and humility
6. What, what, what, four-word idioms are grouped without a party.
Group: gregarious. Get along with others, don't form cliques.
What will happen to a person if he has no faith? What's the use of a person if he doesn't keep his promise? Treacherous people are worthless.
Letter: credit; Its: that; C: Yes, very good. I really don't know what to do if a person doesn't keep his word. It is not good to say that people are not trustworthy.
To truly understand the mystery of one thing is everyone's understanding.
To truly understand the mystery of one thing lies in everyone's understanding.
Born smart
Inherent knowledge and truth. This is an idealist's view.
Eating without digesting ―― reading without understanding.
I didn't digest it. Metaphor means that you don't understand what you have learned deeply, and you don't absorb it.
See but not see
Don't pay attention, don't pay attention, can't see with your eyes open. Also refers to turning a blind eye, turning a blind eye.
The perpetrators can't escape the punishment of national laws.
It means that heaven is fair, and evil is rewarded with evil. It seems careless, but in the end, it will not let go of a bad person. Metaphor evil people can't escape from abroad.
To elaborate/restate/repeat previous works without adding anything new.
Statement: explain the previous theory; Write: create. It only refers to stating and clarifying the theories of predecessors, rather than creating them yourself.
Until death
Has: stopped. Don't stop until you die Describe a lifelong struggle to fulfill a responsibility.
die without regret/remorse
I'll never regret it. Describe a firm attitude.
Keep sth secret
Xuan: Say it openly. Keep a secret and refuse to publish it.
Germination is good, but no ears of grain will grow.
Of crops sprouting but not bearing fruit. Metaphor is that people have good qualifications, but they have no achievements.
A determined person will not be affected by the environment.
It will not become thinner after grinding and will not become black after dyeing. Metaphor means that a determined person will not be affected by the environment.
Soak in the dark and not turn black-keep pure and unaffected in a bad social environment or situation
Nie: mineral name, used as black dye in ancient times; Li: Black. It won't be black with nie dye. Metaphor is noble, not affected by bad environment.
Poor, poor, but happy to gain knowledge and understanding
My family is poor, but I take pleasure in acquiring knowledge and understanding the truth.
After being forced to agree
Strong: insist, force. You didn't agree until you were importuned.
To chisel/work persistently
Lettering: lettering; S: Stop. Keep carving. Metaphor is perseverance and perseverance.
Easy to do
Describe things as simple and effortless.
In the past, the poorer the literati, the better their poems were written.
In the past, people thought that the poorer a scholar was, the better his poems were.
replace
Take someone else's place and be replaced by yourself. Now it also refers to replacing one thing with another.
7. What is the initiator of the four-character idiom in Idiom Daquan?
The victim is like this,
Even those are,
Predators are contemptuous,
Those who can do more work,
The authorities were fascinated,
Outsiders know very well,
Everyone is welcome to come,
Brave people are not afraid,
Unfavorable,
Green messenger,
A person who hesitates,
What comes can be chased,
Almighty God is a teacher,
Many soldiers were defeated,
The audience was blocked,
People who are thirsty drink water easily,
Good riders fall,
Benevolent,
The viewer is like a cloud,
Riders are good at falling,
The audience gathered,
Zhu Yi Courier,
Song of the deaf,
A vagrant drowned,
Don't confuse your familiarity with what you know.
8. What are the four-character idioms that describe a large number of people?
Renshhai
To annotate ...
A sea of people. Describe how many people gathered.
source
Shi Ming Naian's "Water Margin" No.51back: "Every day, there is a general breakup, or dancing, or playing the bomb, or singing, which has earned a lot of people to watch."
for instance
Holiday Park is very lively.
synonym
The stream is endless and crowded.
antonym
It is uninhabited and inaccessible.
use
Combined type; As predicate, complement, attribute and object; Used in public places
English translation/ translator/ interpreter
A large group of people