Large wide-body aircraft: The number of seats is more than 200, and the aircraft has dual-aisle traffic

747 Boeing 747, carrying about 350-400 passengers. (Both 747 and 74E are different models of Boeing 747)

777 Boeing 777 carries about 350 passengers. (Or codenamed 77B)

767 Boeing 767, carrying about 280 passengers

M11 McDonnell Douglas 11, carrying about 340 passengers

340 Air Bus 340, carrying about 350 passengers

300 Airbus 300, carrying about 280 passengers (or codenamed AB6)

310 Airbus 310, carrying about 250 passengers< /p>

ILW IL-86, a Soviet aircraft, carrying about 300 passengers

Medium-sized aircraft: refers to a single-aisle aircraft, carrying more than 100 and less than 200 passengers

M82

M90 McDonnell Douglas 82, McDonnell Douglas 90 carries about 150 passengers

737

738

733 Boeing 737 series carries Passengers are around 130-160

320 Airbus 320, carrying about 180 passengers

TU5 Soviet aircraft, carrying about 150 passengers

146 British Aerospace Corporation BAE-146 aircraft, carrying 108 passengers

YK2 Yak 42, Soviet aircraft, carrying about 110 passengers

Small aircraft: refers to aircraft with less than 100 seats, mostly used for regional flights

p>

YN7 Y7, a domestic aircraft, carrying about 50 passengers

AN4 An-24, a Soviet aircraft, carrying about 50 passengers

SF3 Saab 100, carrying passengers About 30 people

ATR Yatai 72A, carrying about 70 passengers

American Boeing Company and European Airbus Company are the two largest aircraft manufacturers in the world. Boeing is the world's largest aerospace company. Boeing merged with McDonnell Douglas in 1997. Its main civilian aircraft products include 717, 737, 747, 757, 767, 777 and Boeing business jets. There are more than 11,000 Boeing jetliners in use around the world. The European Airbus Company was founded in 1970 and has now become the main competitor of the American Boeing Aircraft Company in the world civil aircraft market. In the past 30 years, the company has received orders for more than 4,200 aircraft from 175 customers.

Introduction to Boeing aircraft models in the Boeing aircraft model series

Introduction to Boeing 737

Boeing 737 aircraft is a twin-engine (engine) produced by Boeing Company The short-range transport aircraft is known as the most successful civil aviation passenger aircraft in the history of world aviation. After receiving a start-up order for 10 aircraft from Lufthansa, the Boeing 737 aircraft began development in May 1964. The prototype flew in April 1967, obtained the airworthiness certificate in December, and was put into route operation in February 1968.

The basic type of Boeing 737 aircraft is the B737-100. The traditional B737 is divided into five types: 100/200/300/400/500. On December 5, 1998, the 3000th traditional B737 left the factory. At present, the production of traditional B737 has been stopped.

In November 1993, the new generation Boeing 737 project was officially launched. The new generation Boeing 737 is divided into four types: 600/700/800/900. It has won the favor of the market with its excellent technology and is known as the best seller. The fastest commercial airliner. By the end of 2001, more than 1,000 aircraft had been delivered.

In January 2000, the Boeing 737 became the first aircraft in history to fly more than 100 million hours.

Performance: 2 engines, 180 seats, cruising altitude 10670, maximum range 5890, 6 seats per row, maximum flight speed 883

Introduction to the Boeing 747

The Boeing 747 aircraft is a Boeing A four-engine (engine) long-range wide-fuselage transport aircraft produced by the company. It is a wide-body passenger aircraft that has been successfully developed and sold. Development began in August 1965, and the prototype flew in February 1969. The first 747 was delivered to Pan American Airways and put into route operation in January 1970, ushering in a new era of wide-body passenger aircraft route services. Its double-decker cabin and unique appearance make it the most easily identifiable subsonic commercial airliner.

Performance: 4 engines, 300 seats, cruising altitude 10670, maximum range 5890, 6 seats per row, maximum flight speed 956

Introduction to Boeing 757

Boeing 757 aircraft is a Boeing A twin-engine (engine) narrow-body medium and long-range transport aircraft produced by the company. Development began in March 1979. It is interchangeable with the Boeing 767 developed at the same time in terms of design, manufacturing and operation. The first Boeing 757 made its first flight in February 1982. It obtained the airworthiness certificate in December of the same year and was put into route operation. . In December 1986, it was approved for twin-engine extended range flight.

The Boeing 757 is based on the Boeing 727, using new wings and advanced engines and modifying the fuselage shape.

The main design goal of the Boeing 757 aircraft is to reduce operating costs by reducing fuel consumption and weight.

Boeing launched a new project of the Boeing 757-300 on September 2, 1996. The first user was Condor Airlines, a German company specializing in charter flights.

To date, Boeing has delivered more than 1,000 Boeing 757s to customers.

Due to dwindling market demand and competition from Airbus, Boeing officially announced on October 16, 2003 that it would stop producing the Boeing 757 aircraft in 2004. Boeing also stated that the new generation of Boeing 737 series and Boeing 7E7 can cover the market of Boeing 757, a 200-seat passenger aircraft.

Performance: 2 engines, 200 seats, cruising altitude 10670, maximum range 5890, 6 seats per row, maximum flight speed 956

Introduction to the Boeing 767

The Boeing 767 aircraft is a Boeing A twin-engine (engine) semi-wide-body medium and long-range transport aircraft produced by the company. It is mainly used to compete for the market formed by the retirement of 200 medium and long-range passenger aircraft such as B707, DC8, and B727 in the 1980s. The plan was proposed in 1972, and comprehensive development began in July 1978. The first Boeing 767 aircraft made its first flight on September 26, 1981. The type certificate was issued in July 1982, and it was put into route operation in August of the same year.

The Boeing 767 adopts a brand-new fuselage with a width of 5.03 meters. This width is suitable for a comfortable double-aisle cabin layout and can adapt to the existing standard containers and pallets at the time. It is also the first wide-body aircraft to adopt a two-person pilot system

The design of the Boeing 767 strives to maintain more similarities with the Boeing 757. The aircraft was developed through international cooperation, and Boeing is mainly responsible for the aircraft. In the final assembly, Japan's Mitsubishi, Kawasaki and Fuji Heavy Industries and Italy's Alenia also participated in the development and each shouldered 15% of the development costs and production workload.

As of May 2002, nearly 900 Boeing 767 aircraft have been delivered to approximately 60 airlines around the world.

In May 1985, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) approved that the Boeing 767 can fly at up to 120 minutes at an alternate airport in long-distance flights, that is, 120 minutes of ETOPS (extended range flight with two engines). In March 1989, it was approved by the FAA for 180-minute ETOPS.

Performance: 2 engines, 225 seats, cruising altitude 11,000, maximum range 9,000, 10 seats per row, maximum flight speed 830

Introduction to the Boeing 777

Boeing 777 is an American Boeing A twin-engine wide-body passenger aircraft developed by the company. Officially launched on October 29, 1990, the first Boeing 777 made its first test flight on June 12, 1994. It obtained the European Joint Airworthiness Certificate and the FAA Type Certificate on April 19, 1995, and was approved on May 30, 1995. A 180-minute twin-engine extended range flight, the first aircraft was delivered to customer United Airlines on May 17, 1995. Boeing has signed a risk-sharing partnership agreement with Japan's Mitsubishi, Kawasaki and Fuji Heavy Industries, with Japan assuming 20% ??of the 777 structural work.

Boeing 777 is between the B767-300 and B747-400 in size and range. It has the characteristics of flexible cockpit layout, large range and different models to meet changing market needs. in the early stages of design. Boeing has engaged in extensive and in-depth discussions with airlines including United Airlines, All Nippon Airways, British Airways, Japan Airlines and Cathay Pacific Airways to determine and develop the new aircraft's structural layout. It comprehensively represents the current operating level of each airline in terms of route structure, passenger volume and service frequency. The participation of these airlines ensures that the product best meets the needs of airlines around the world.

Boeing 777 parked on the runway. One of its most obvious identifying marks is its three-axle, six-wheel main landing gear system and two nose wheels. This structure effectively distributes road loads and allows the aircraft to have no more than three landing gear struts.

The Boeing 777 cockpit adopts the latest flat LCD display system and digital cockpit technology. The steering wheel was retained but no lateral joystick was used. The digital cockpit technology of the Boeing 777 has been proven on the Boeing 757, Boeing 767 and Boeing 747-400 aircraft. Many controls that used to be manually performed by the driver can now be completed automatically, reducing the driver's workload. The flexible fly-by-wire control system has a driver-friendly interface and reduces weight. Compared with traditional mechanical operation, it also reduces the maintenance workload. In addition, the flight control system of the cockpit is standard both from the outside and the inside. The difference is that the flight controls are all electronically controlled, which is the first time on a Boeing commercial aircraft.

The Boeing 777 has completed the most complex flight test project in aviation history. 10 Boeing 777s participated in the flight test in a row.

Performance: 2 engines, 380 seats, cruising altitude 11000, maximum range 9000, 10 seats per row, maximum flight speed 830

Airbus model query of the European Airbus aircraft model series

p>

Introduction to Airbus 330/340

The A330 and A340 are two advanced twin aircraft announced by the European Airbus Industries in January 1986 after analyzing the needs of the world's major airlines in the 1990s. Aisle wide fuselage airliner. In addition to the number of engines and engine-related systems, the two models have great similarities. 85% of their parts are interchangeable. They use the same fuselage, but have different lengths, cockpits, The wings, tail, landing gear and various systems are the same, which can reduce development costs.

These two models also retain the high-efficiency fuselage cross-section design of the A300/A310 models.

In April 1987, Eurobus Industries decided to launch the A330 and A340 models simultaneously as one plan. The development costs of the A330 and A340 models totaled 2.5 billion US dollars (1986 currency)

Performance: 2 engines 300-380 seats Cruising altitude 10670 Maximum range 5890 6 seats per row Maximum flight speed 883

Introduction to Airbus 320

The A320 series is a twin-engine, medium- and short-range 150-seat passenger aircraft developed by European Airbus Industries. It includes A318, A319, A320 and A321. These four types of passenger aircraft have the same basic cockpit configuration. Pilots can fly the above four different passenger aircraft as long as they receive the same flight training. This universal design also reduces maintenance costs and inventory of spare aviation materials. The A320 is a truly innovative aircraft that sets a new standard for single-aisle aircraft. The A320 offers passengers greater comfort thanks to its wider cabin, which allows for wider seats and a more spacious cabin. space, it can fly farther and faster than its competitors and therefore has better economics of use. Then on this basis, larger and smaller models were developed, namely the 186-seat A321, the 124-seat A319, and the 107-seat A318.

The A320 series passenger aircraft adopts the policy of "winning with newness" in its design, using advanced design and production technology, new structural materials and advanced digital airborne electronic equipment. It is the world's first subsonic civil aviation transport aircraft using a fly-by-wire control system. Its wing has been improved on the basis of the A310 wing. The double-bubble fuselage section greatly improves the capacity for loading luggage and containers in the cargo hold. Its cabin is comfortable and spacious and it is currently the most popular 150-seat short- and medium-haul passenger aircraft.

In May 1994, Boeing purchased a second-hand A320 aircraft to display in Seattle to inspire Boeing employees. This may also be Airbus's greatest honor.

Performance: 2 engines, 107-124 seats, cruising altitude 10670, maximum range 5890, 6 seats per row, maximum flight speed 883

Introduction to Airbus 310

Airbus The 300 is a twin-engine wide-body passenger aircraft developed by the European Airbus Industries with the support of the governments of France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Spain. Development began in September 1969. The Airbus 300B1 prototype made its first flight in October 1972 and was delivered for use in May 1974. More than 500 aircraft have been delivered so far.

The A310 is a 200-seat medium- and short-range passenger aircraft developed by European Airbus Industries on the basis of the A300B. It has a shorter fuselage and new wings. Development began in July 1978, and the first prototype made its first flight on April 3, 1982. On March 11, 1983, it obtained type certificates from France and Germany, and it was delivered for use on March 29, 1983. At the end of 1983, trials began to install wingtip sails on the wingtips to reduce wing drag. All A310-200s delivered starting in May 1986 were equipped with wingtip sails.

There are currently very few orders for these two types of aircraft.

The A300 became the first wide-body aircraft to be flown by only two pilots. The digital cockpits of the A300 and A310 have become a reference model in the industry.

The A310 is the first passenger aircraft to use electronic flight instruments and a central electronic flight monitor in the cockpit. Another innovation is the use of electronic signals to replace the control surfaces that were previously operated by wire ropes.

Performance: 2 engines, 204 seats, cruising altitude 9450, maximum range 6820, 6 seats per row, maximum flight speed 883

Inquiry and introduction of McDonnell Douglas aircraft models of the McDonnell Douglas aircraft model series

Introduction to MD90

The MD90 series is a short- and medium-range twin-engine jet airliner developed from the MD80 passenger aircraft by the original American McDonnell Douglas Company. Used to replace MD80 series passenger aircraft.

In November 1989, McDonnell Douglas announced the launch of the MD90 project. McDonnell Douglas originally planned to install an ultra-high bypass ratio propeller fan engine on the MD90, but later installed a turbofan engine. The reason is that oil prices in the world oil market have been stable, which makes the fuel-saving effect of propeller fan engines less likely to show economic superiority.

The MD-90 passenger aircraft series is equipped with two International Aero Engines Corporation V2500 turbofan engines, using the same fuselage cross-section, advanced high-lift wings and electronic flight instrument system cockpit displays as the MD-80 , and interchangeable standard unit body parts, which allows the MD-90 to be assembled on the same production line as the MD-80.

MD90 began development on November 14, 1989. The first prototype made its first test flight on February 22, 1993. It obtained the FAA airworthiness certificate on November 16, 1994. In February 1995, It was delivered to Delta Air Lines, a startup user, on May 24th.

Due to Boeing's merger with McDonnell Douglas in 1997, the MD90 conflicted with the Boeing product series and has been discontinued. Only 117 aircraft were produced

Performance: 2 engines, 153 seats, cruise Altitude 10670 Maximum range 5890 Seats per row 6 Maximum flight speed 883

Introduction to MD80

The MD80 series is a short- to medium-range aircraft developed by the original American McDonnell Douglas Company from the DC9-50 passenger aircraft airliner. Development began in October 1977, and was initially named DC9-80. It is a lengthened and improved version of the DC9-50. 80 indicates that it is expected to be put into operation in 1980. The first prototype flew for the first time in October 1979. It obtained the FAA airworthiness certificate in August 1980 and was delivered for use in September of the same year. In June 1983, the original McDonnell Douglas Company gave up the famous DC commercial aircraft trademark and changed its name to MD, so the DC9-80 series was changed to the MD80 series.

Compared with the DC9-50, the main improvements of the MD-80 series are the lengthened fuselage, enlarged wingspan, use of engines with greater thrust and advanced airborne equipment, which reduces fuel consumption and noise. The MD80 series passenger aircraft, like the Boeing 737 and A320, was the best-selling short- and medium-range passenger aircraft in the 1980s and 1990s. Production has been stopped at present, with nearly 1,200 aircraft produced.

Performance: 2 engines, 130 seats, cruising altitude 10670, maximum range 5890, 6 seats per row, maximum flight speed 883

MD11 introduction

MD11 is a Mcdonald· Douglas Company launched an advanced medium/long-range three-engine large wide-body passenger aircraft in response to the needs of the world's civil aircraft market in the 1990s to replace the DC10. Development began in July 1985, and on December 30, 1986, McDonnell Douglas officially announced the launch of the MD11 plan. MD11 is developed on the basis of DC10-30. Compared with the DC1O-30, its improvements are:

Installation of upper and lower wingtip tilt winglets, reduced sweep angle, use of integrally trimmed fuel tanks, lengthened tail, and use of an advanced two-person crew fully digital cockpit . The range of MD11 has increased by 27% and the passenger capacity has increased. The application of composite materials is a feature of MD11 design. More than 20 structural components use composite materials. Starting from the 14th aircraft produced, aluminum-lithium alloy floor beams are used.

Due to the small number of orders for this type of aircraft, the development and production work was slowed down or even stagnated. On November 8, 1990, the airworthiness certificate was obtained and it was put into route operation on December 7 of the same year. However, this type of aircraft did not meet the designed range. All aircraft of this type manufactured after 1993 have undergone performance improvements to varying degrees, including changing the total weight of the aircraft, improving engine performance, aerodynamics, etc.

Due to Boeing's merger with McDonnell Douglas in 1997, the MD11 conflicted with the Boeing product series and was discontinued in 2000. The total delivery volume of each model was about 200.

Performance: 2 engines, 160-240 seats, cruising altitude 10670, maximum range 5890, 6 seats per row, maximum flight speed 883

The story of a real aircraft model: Don’t ask for discounts when buying air tickets Ask about the aircraft model

Although the Baotou air crash on November 21, 2004 did not have a great impact on our civil aviation passenger transport market, the passenger flow at Chongqing Airport remains stable, but the citizens’ past ticket purchasing habits have An unexpected turn of events occurs.

The reporter learned from the China Civil Aviation Chongqing Ticket Sales Center yesterday that "the most asked question among people buying tickets now is not the ticket discount, but the type of aircraft. This was very rare in the past." According to the Shangqing Temple Ticket Sales Center A manager told reporters that in the past, people who came to buy air tickets were most concerned about whether there was a discount on the air ticket, and what the lowest discount was. Now, most customers first ask about the aircraft model, and insist on asking which airline it is, followed by the discount. . Some customers don't even care about discounts and only ask about the model.

According to an airline company, there are currently 4 small EMB145 aircraft produced in Brazil in our city. Because some passengers now have doubts about the safety of small aircraft and do not fly on non-large aircraft, resulting in The passenger load factor of small planes has dropped by 20% compared with usual.

Citizens: Flying on large aircraft is more secure

It is said that there is a "cold saying" in the international aviation industry: "The public quickly understands the situation of a certain aircraft type, often not in the first place." not when it flies, but when it first falls."

The Baotou air crash was the first small jet crash in the history of world civil aviation, but generally speaking, most passengers now prefer to fly large aircraft such as Boeing and Airbus.

Many people believe that larger aircraft are more comfortable and safer, such as Boeing 777, 747, Airbus 330, 340 and other models, because large aircraft have a stronger ability to resist airflow fluctuations.

However, business travelers who often fly do not care about the size of the aircraft, but travelers who have never flown and rarely fly are more concerned about this aspect.

Expert: Aircraft safety has nothing to do with aircraft size

Do small aircraft really have to be weaker? Chongqing Airlines experts clearly denied it. This person said that aircraft safety has nothing to do with the size of the aircraft, because the factors that determine safe flight are complex, including weather, operation, maintenance, etc. At present, some people one-sidedly believe that small planes are more turbulent in the airflow, so they are unsafe. This is incorrect.

He explained that small aircraft mainly fly on regional routes, and the cruising altitude of regional aircraft is generally around 9,000 meters. It belongs to the troposphere, where the airflow fluctuates a lot, and aircraft are greatly affected by climate interference. Mainline aircraft can fly at an altitude of more than 11,000 meters. They belong to the stratosphere where the airflow is relatively stable, so they are relatively stable. He emphasized: "Small planes are more bumpy in the airflow, and the ride comfort will definitely decrease, but the safety will definitely not decrease." It is reported that regional aircraft currently have a large market in developed countries and regions abroad, such as the United States. Regional aircraft ownership accounts for 40% of the total number of aircraft.

It is understood that small aircraft adopt the same standards as mainline large aircraft in terms of design, research and development, production quality assurance, etc., and the standard requirements for airworthiness before being put into operation are also the same. In fact, no matter whether it is a big plane or a small plane, the safety guarantee system provided by the airline is the same.

1. American-made Boeing series BOEING. It already occupies more than 30% of the market share and mainly produces B707, 727, 737, 747, 757, 767 and 777 models. The Boeing 737

aircraft is a twin-engine (engine) short- and medium-range

transport aircraft produced by Boeing Company. Development began in 1964, and the prototype

flighted in 1967. Obtain airworthiness certificate and put into route operation. Its basic type is B737-100. Currently, B-737s account for a large proportion (about 150) of the civil aviation passenger aircraft owned by our country, with the 300/400/500 models being the main ones, and the new generation 700/800< The /p>

type has also begun to be used by airlines. Its average number of passengers ranges from 120 to 170, its cruising altitude is 11,000 meters (the new generation 737 will have a higher cruising altitude), its business payload is 16 tons, and its maximum Mach is 0.82M. There are more than 3,500 B737s in operation around the world.

2. American-made McDonnell Douglas series (McDonnell Douglas)

MD. Its market share in the world has reached 20%, and it mainly produces several models such as MD80 MD90 MD11. The MD82

is an improved version of the Type 80 in the MD80 aircraft series. It is a short- to medium-range aircraft developed from the McDonnell Douglas DC-9 aircraft currently owned by Boeing Company. It belongs to the same class as B737 and A320

. In 1985, Sino-US cooperation produced 25 aircraft at the Shanghai Aircraft Company and delivered them to civil aviation. It has two jet engines, seats 147-172, has a cruising altitude of 11,300 meters, and carries 17 tons of fuel.

3. The Airbus series AIRBUS is jointly produced by the European countries of Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain. Its market share is 20%, and it mainly produces several models such as A300 310

320 330 340.

4. Russian-made aircraft: TU (picture) Tubelev, such as:

It is TU154IL (IL), such as:

IL14.IL18.IL86 .IL76YK (Yak) Such as:

YK42AN (An) Such as: AN24 (TU-154) Aircraft

A three-engine medium-range aircraft designed by the Russian Tupolev Design Bureau

The machine was delivered for use in 1972. It is Russia's first aircraft designed according to Western standards. Among the aircraft developed in Russia, the TU154 aircraft is widely used. It provides 164 passengers, cruises at an altitude of 12,000 meters, a range of 6,900 kilometers, and a commercial load of 20 tons.

5. Other models: BAE-146 Canada jointly produced by Britain and France

FOKKER (FK100), DHC8, etc.

BAE-146 is developed by British Aerospace Corporation A four-engine short-range regional aircraft. There are basic and extended models, providing 82-110 seats, a cruising altitude of 9,000 meters, a range of 2,700 kilometers, and a fuel load of 10 tons.