As a politician, strategist and poet, Lin Zexu's historical position is beyond doubt. However, scholars seem to ignore Lin Zexu's historical contribution to water conservancy.
Because of aiding Xinjiang, I often accompany friends from other places to visit Lin Zexu Memorial Hall in Yili Prefecture. Gradually, I became interested in the achievements of this special "aid cadre in Xinjiang" in water conservancy construction, especially in the contribution to water conservancy in Xinjiang. I think Lin Zexu is a famous national hero from both political and national perspectives. No matter from the perspective of water conservancy or people's livelihood, Lin Zexu is a veritable water conservancy expert. In this regard, we can be completely verified from the sleeping historical archives:
First, Lin Zexu became attached to water conservancy.
In the 16th year of Jiaqing (18 1 1), Lin Zexu was selected as a scholar and chose Jishi Shu from imperial academy. Nineteen years (18 14). Since then, he has served as an assistant, author officer, learner, secret hall cleaner, examiner in Jiangxi and Yunnan, and official of Jiangnan Road. During the reign of Jing Guan, he was determined to be an honest official who helped the world and corrected the current situation. Therefore, he "studied literature". In order to be familiar with political affairs, "it is beneficial to study the mind and the world, although this is in the case of secret and Cao Liu." The gains and losses of personnel administration are completely verified. "He served as an official in the capital for seven years, extensively collected dozens of experts' lectures and writings on water conservancy construction in Jifu since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and wrote the book" Water Conservancy in the North ". It is clearly pointed out in the book that "water is suitable for Zhili rice, and water can make farmland" and "agriculture is a matter of the world and rice is a matter of farmers". It is believed that only by developing water conservancy in North China, advocating rice planting and solving the problem of transporting grain from south to north on the spot can the problem of transporting grain from south to north and its accumulated disadvantages be solved reasonably.
Second, Lin Zexu and seawall construction
In July of the 25th year of Jiaqing (1820), Lin Zexu was appointed as Foreign Minister of Hangjiahu Road, Zhejiang Province. He actively recruited talents and suggested building seawall water conservancy, which was quite successful.
Three. Lin Zexu and Harnessing the Yellow River
In the 11th year of Daoguang (183 1), from June to July of the following year, Lin Zexu successively served as the dispatch ambassador in Hubei, Henan and Jiangning. "-At the age of 18, corrupt officials everywhere in the three provinces were eager to ease the situation. Jiang Chen valued his talent and they all fell in love with him. "For the long-term interests of the Qing Dynasty, he was determined to rectify the finances, build water conservancy projects and provide disaster relief. "He was once famous in the world." 10, promoted to Hedong governor. In the face of major issues related to Jiang Minsheng, in order to "eliminate disadvantages, save money and strive for strength", we are determined to "break our feelings" and "do things according to the rules". In order to harness the Yellow River, I personally braved the cold wind, walked hundreds of miles and inspected thousands of spare straws for radical water treatment. I also drew the topography and water flow along the river for easy understanding and control. Lin Zexu's earnest and meticulous spirit was remarkable at that time.
In the 21st year of Qing Daoguang (184 1 July 13), on May 26th, Lin Zexu received the order to send troops to the front line in Zhenhai, Zhejiang Province, and embarked on a long road of sending troops the next day. On the way, he was ordered to go to the site of Xiangfu (now Kaifeng) in Henan Province to help Wang Ding, a college student, manage the breach of the Yellow River. At the end of the river work, the Qing court issued an edict, which ordered Lin Zexu to "still be sent to Yili to atone".
Fourthly, Lin Zexu and Jiangnan Water Conservancy.
In February of the 12th year of Daoguang (1832), he was transferred to the governor of Jiangsu. From this year to sixteen years, he has made great achievements in agriculture, water conservancy, disaster relief and official management, especially advocating new farming techniques and popularizing new farm tools. In practice, he realized: "Soil fertility needs manpower, and soil work belongs to agricultural work." The more channel dredging, the more land benefits. "Lin Zexu's farming thought was experienced in the actual investigation. In the 12th year of Daoguang (1833), Jiangsu was flooded, and Lin Zexu, regardless of the deadline for reporting the disaster and the imperial court's reprimand, made a detailed statement of the disaster situation, demanded that Cao Fu be delayed, and put forward the requirement of "being wider and more lively", which objectively played a favorable role in developing production and pacifying the people's difficulties. At the same time, he analyzed that the floods were caused by years of disrepair and siltation of Wusong River, Huangpu River, He Lou River and Baimao River. Therefore, we decided to build Baimao River and Helou River, and also build seawalls, which have a certain position in the history of water conservancy in China.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Lin Zexu and Managing the Yangtze River
In the seventeenth year of Daoguang (1837), he was promoted to Governor of Huguang. Facing the frequent flooding of rivers in Hubei every summer, Lin Zexu took effective measures and put forward the idea of "focusing on repair and prevention" to achieve "Jianghan long dike, An Lan Puqing, branch dike in the river, no overflow", which made indelible contributions to protecting the life and property safety of counties along Jianghan.
VI. Lin Zexu and the Construction of Huang Qu
In the 22nd year of Daoguang (1842 65438+February 10), on November 9th, Lin Zexu finally arrived in the garrison of Huiyuan City, and was appointed by Bu Yantai, the general of Yili, to read a large number of Xinjiang wasteland files and compile "Ya Zhai Zalu". Actively assist Bu Yantai in planning wasteland reclamation in Hongliuwan, Sanshu and Albus. 1844, General Bu Yantai of Yili entrusted Lin Zexu with the project of reclaiming an acre of land in Aqwusu. In order to reclaim the wasteland in Aqiwusu (west of Bayandai Town in Yining City and east of Huiyuan Township in Huocheng County), we must first solve the water conservancy problem, widen and deepen the original Kashi River diversion canal, and dig new canals to lead to the eastern boundary of Aqiwusu. In view of the financial difficulties in Yili at that time, Aqiwusu Canal (later called "Huang Qu", now People's Canal) was repaired by donations in stages, and Lin Zexu took the initiative to donate money to repair the most difficult Longkou project of the whole canal. According to historical records, Lin Zexu personally went out, "Check the terrain of Longkou, ranging from two or three feet to eight or nine feet high. The water flows down the slope and it is necessary to dig the gravel steep slope on the north bank of Shikan; When the south bank sits on the river, it is necessary to build dams and dikes, nail piles and throw stones to avoid the danger of scouring. The width of the canal to be repaired ranges from three feet to seven or eight feet, and the depth ranges from five or six feet to more than ten feet, which is strange in six miles. " The Huang Qu project of Aziwusu Canal started in June 1844, and it took four months to complete. Except for materials, the labor of * * * is zero. Up to now, Yili people are still used to calling "Huang Qu" the "Gong Lin Canal".
Seven. Lin Zexu and Water Conservancy in South Xinjiang
From June of 1844 to June of 10, Lin Zexu was ordered to open up wasteland in southern Xinjiang, and "the former car has eight sides", which opened up more than 600,000 mu and basically distributed it to Uighur farmers for farming. He also went to Turpan and Hami to reclaim land, promote the construction of Karez in Toksun Hilary and improve the spinning wheel. People call it "Lin Gongjing" and "Lin Bus" to commemorate his achievements.
The results of historical research show that Lin Zexu's political career is inseparable from water conservancy construction. His water footprint covers the Yangtze River and the Yellow River; Presided over the restoration of Jiangnan water systems such as Wusong River, Huangpu River, He Lou, White Cat and Begonia; In Xinjiang, there are immortal legends such as Gong Lin Canal, Gong Linshu, Gong Linjing and Gong Lin Bus.
Thus, Lin Zexu should be a veritable water conservancy expert in the modern history of China. (Gu Gu \ Wen)
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