Xin Qiji (1140-1207), aged 67, was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The original name was Tanfu, changed to You'an, and the name was Jiaxuan. He was from Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong) and of Han nationality. A great poet and patriot in the history of our country. He is as famous as Su Shi and is also called Su Xin. Historically, he is also called "Jinan Er'an" together with Li Qingzhao. Someone once praised him like this: A master of Jiaxuan, a hero among men, and a dragon among poets. Liu Chenweng's "Xin Jiaxuan Ci Preface" said: "When the words reach the east slope, they are upright and upright, like poetry, like writing, like the wonders of heaven and earth." He has successively served as the pacifier of Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, and eastern Zhejiang. Thirteen years before he was born, the Shandong area was occupied by Jin soldiers. At the age of 21, he joined the anti-Jin rebel army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. In the 31st year of Shaoxing (1161), he led 2,000 people to join the Northern Anti-Jin Rebel Army. The following year, he was sent to the Southern Song Dynasty. Throughout his life, he firmly advocated fighting against the Jin soldiers and regaining lost ground. He once presented "Ten Essays on Meiqin" to analyze the situation between the enemy and ourselves, and proposed a specific plan for strengthening the army and restoring the country; he also submitted the "Nine Discussions" to the prime minister to further elaborate on the ideas of the "Ten Essays"; but none of them were adopted and implemented. When he took office in various places, he conscientiously eliminated the accumulated shortcomings and actively organized the army to prepare for war. However, he was repeatedly hampered by the capitulationists and was even dismissed from his post. He once lived idle in Shangrao, Jiangxi for a long time. His great ambition to regain his motherland could not be put to use, so he wrote poems out of loyalty and anger, thus creating a generation of great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty. Geng Jing gathered troops in Shandong, controlled the loyal army and horses, and kept the secretary in charge. In the 32nd year of Shaoxing, he ordered Feng Biao to return to the south. Emperor Gaozong summoned him and granted him the title of Chengwu Lang. Ning Zongchao's tired officials went to eastern Zhejiang to appease the envoys, added Longtuge to wait for the system, and entered the Privy Council to accept the decree. He once lived in Shangrao and Qianshan, Jiangxi Province for more than ten years. His words are passionate, generous and tragic. The writing is strong and the artistic styles are diverse, but the main ones are bold and unrestrained. There is "Jia Xuan Long Short Sentences".

Throughout his life, he prided himself on his integrity and achievements, and devoted himself to the war of resistance throughout his life. He once wrote in "Ten Essays on Meiqin" and "Nine Discussions" to outline strategies for war and defense, demonstrating his outstanding military ability and patriotic enthusiasm. He also maintained deep friendship with Chen Liang, a scholar of the Song Dynasty, and Zhu Xi, a Neo-Confucian scholar, with whom he strengthened his integrity and exchanged knowledge. Resisting the Jin Dynasty and restoring the country is the main theme of his works, which contain the lament of heroes who have lost their way and the resentment of heroes who are idle, which have distinctive characteristics of the times. It also depicts the pastoral scenery, world conditions and folk customs of the Jiangnan countryside in four seasons with vivid and delicate brushstrokes. The themes of his poems are broad, and he is good at using allusions from his predecessors into his poems. The style is majestic and bold yet delicate and feminine. On the basis of Su Shi's works, the ideological and artistic conception of Ci has been greatly expanded and the literary status of Ci has been improved. Later generations called them "Su and Xin" together. His poems and essays are also worthy of praise, especially his essays which are "magnificent in style, rich in wisdom, and authoritative in writing."

Xin Qiji, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, was a great poet who created a generation of poetry. He was also a national hero who was good at warfare and well versed in military affairs. His poem "The sound of the mandarin in a loud voice, the sonorous sound in a small voice, sweeping across the world, sweeping away the eternity, has never been seen by the common people" has become a treasure in the history of Chinese literature; and an article he wrote as a minister of the Southern Song Dynasty " "Discussing the Training of the Militia to Guard the Huaishu River" expresses the author's strong patriotism, incisive and profound analysis of the war situation, and clear and specific countermeasures. This practical prose is passionate, well-conceived, in-depth, well-founded, and the language is precise and concise. The article only uses more than 600 words. From raising questions, analyzing problems to solving problems, it is coherent and coherent. It has situations, analysis, measures, predictions, and every word is implemented. It is simple and clear. Da. A bold and broad-minded poet can write such rigorous and simple practical articles according to the needs of different styles. It can be seen that a great writer cannot be limited to a narrow world in writing. He should master several sets of pen and ink proficiently. , not only has his favorite postures, but he can also write articles of different genres and styles according to different requirements, just like a martial artist with advanced kung fu, who is good at one kind of weapon, but can also dance with other weapons. Xin Qiji used two completely different styles of writing to express his impassioned patriotic feelings from different aspects, reflecting his concern for the country and the people. The noble ideal of serving one's country. (Excerpted from "Applied Writing" Issue 1, 1998, "A Master of Official Documents from a Ci Giant - Reading Xin Qiji's "On Training the Militia to Guard Huaishu""

The strong patriotism and fighting spirit are the characteristics of Xin Qiji's Ci The basic ideological content is first reflected in his poems. He constantly repeats his nostalgia for the north. In addition, in his poems such as "Congratulations to the Bridegroom" and "Moyu'er", he uses "the remaining water and the remaining mountains" and "the setting sun". Phrases such as "Heartbroken" satirize the small imperial court of the Southern Song Dynasty, which was living in peace and survival, expressing his dissatisfaction with being in peace and not wanting to go north. There is no place for ambitious ambitions, which is reflected in the words that are difficult to conceal the injustice. Among the nostalgic works he is good at In "The Song of the Water Dragon", facing the picturesque mountains and heroic figures, while being inspired by his heroic ambition, he also lamented that heroes have no place to play, which formed a tragic tone for his poems. On the basis of Su Shi's poems, the subject matter range has been further expanded, and he has almost reached the point where no matter what is happening, no intention can be included in the poem.

Xin Qiji also has a poem "Broken Array", the preface is: "For." Chen Tongfu wrote a powerful poem to express his ambition to regain the great rivers and mountains in his dreams day and night. This poem was originally used to encourage Chen Liang.

Watching the sword while drunk,

Dreaming about the horn-blowing company.

Eight hundred miles away, the soldiers are under the command.

The sound of fifty strings turning over the wall is the sound of autumn troops on the battlefield.

The horse is flying fast, and the bow is like a thunderbolt.

Finish the affairs of the king and the world,

Win fame during and after death.

Pity happens in vain.

People originally used wine to relieve their sorrows. Once drunk, everything will stop. But the author was drunk, and his worries were not gone, and he was obsessed with regaining the lost ground. He turned on the lamp, admired his sword, and thought about how to put it to use and make it useful. In his sleep, one military camp after another was connected, and the sound of trumpets sounded. In the 800-mile military camp, the soldiers rejoiced and shared the barbecue given to them by the general. The military instruments played majestic and tragic military music. Just when the autumn is high and the horse is strong, the troops are ordered on the battlefield and ready to go to war.

"Delu" is the sound of hoofbeats made when a horse is running. The cavalry led by the general rushed towards the enemy like lightning, their bows were like thunderbolts, and thousands of arrows were fired. The enemies fell off their horses one after another, and the remaining soldiers fled in panic. The general takes the lead and pursues the victory. The triumphant song reaches the clouds and the joy moves the earth. Not only can he settle the affairs of the king and the world, but also win a reputation for himself during and after his death. This is a feat that a poet dreams of. However, in the government controlled by the capitulationists, the author "wanted to serve his country without having a battlefield," and could only lament the cold reality: pity happened in vain.

From 1176 to 1178, in less than two years, Xin Qiji was mobilized frequently, and his official career was in Jiangxi, Hubei and other places known as Chu in ancient times. When he was transferred from Yuzhang, Jiangxi (now Nanchang, Jiangxi), he wrote the poem "Partridge Sky". The preface is: Leaving Yuzhang, farewell to Superintendent Sima Hanzhang.

When Xin Qiji was living in Daihu, Shangrao, Jiangxi, he wrote a poem "The Ugly Girl is Near", with the preface: Boshan Road imitates Li Yi'an's style.

Thousands of peaks and clouds rise,

A sudden rain is gone.

The scenery of trees and setting sun in the distance,

How can a picture be born!

Qingqi sells wine,

There is another family on the other side of the mountain.

As long as the mountains and rivers are shining,

Nothing will happen this summer.

When I wake up from my nap,

there are pine windows and bamboo windows.

Thousands of chic.

Wild birds fly over,

It’s normal leisure again.

But blame the white gull,

It looks at people and wants to do it but doesn’t do it.

All those who have returned to the alliance are here,

The newcomers are here,

Don’t say anything.

This poem is written clearly as words, fresh and cheerful, very similar to Li Qingzhao's style. Boshan refers to the southwest of Guangfeng County, Jiangxi Province. From a distance, it looks like the Xianglu Peak of Mount Lu. The summer rain comes quickly and passes after a while. The setting sun after the rain shines on the green mountains and trees that have been washed away, making them look particularly fresh, beautiful and picturesque. Qingqi sells wine, which means that selling wine has become commercialized and there are hotels in remote rural areas; on the other hand, it means that the author went to the hotel to sell wine, which corresponds to the afternoon drunkenness in the next film.

The next part describes the environment around the restaurant. After the author was drunk, he had a good sleep. When he woke up, he saw outside the window surrounded by pines and bamboos, which was very elegant and quiet. Because it is quiet, there are wild birds flying in, which is another scenery. That white gull looks at people and makes them want to get off. What are you afraid of? Don’t we have a friendly alliance?

This poem imitates Li Qingzhao's "using simple and vulgar language to express fresh thoughts."

When Xin Qiji was living leisurely in Daihu, Shangrao, he also wrote a poem "Niannujiao", with the preface: "Fu Yuyan, imitate Zhu Xizhen's style". Yuyan is located near Boshan. Zhu Dunru, courtesy name Xizhen, was born in Luoyang and was a famous poet at the turn of the Southern and Northern Song Dynasties. "Selected Poems from Huajian" described him as "endowed with far-reaching talent and a fairy-like demeanor". Xin Qiji's poem is not "immortal style" enough, but more about Zhuangzi's Taoism.

Wherever I have been recently,

Wherever I have sorrow, I still know my happiness.

A bit of desolation through the ages,

Leaning alone against the west wind.

Looking for springs with bamboos,

planting trees with clouds,

calling to be a true leisure guest.

This heart is free,

I should not live in the hills and valleys forever.

Don’t say that things in the past were not true.

Now it is true.

Let’s consider Qing Zun.

When I’m drunk, I don’t know who I am,

It’s neither the moon nor the clouds nor the crane.

The dew is cold on the pine tips,

The wind is high and the cinnamon seeds are high,

I am still awake after being drunk.

Lie high by the north window,

Don’t be frightened by the chirping birds.

Wherever there is my sorrow, there is my joy. Recently, I have forgotten both sorrow and joy. Independent of the west wind, looking at the sky, there is only a little bit of desolation. Living a life of searching for springs in bamboos and planting trees in the clouds can be called a true idler. Peace of mind does not rely on the cultivation of mountains and rivers.

Don’t talk about what is right now and what was wrong yesterday, just hold up the golden bottle and stop after getting drunk. When you forget yourself when you are drunk, what about the moon? Yunhu? Crane? Everything is specious. When I woke up late at night, I was still lonely. Only the dew waves and pine trees can be seen, and the wind can be heard shaking the osmanthus leaves. Wake up and go to sleep again, don't let the morning bird startle you in your dreams.

When Xin Qiji was leisurely living in Daihu Lake, he wrote a poem "Partridge Sky" about rural scenes, with the inscription: "Wandering in E Lake, drunkenly reading on the wall of a restaurant."

According to the "Qianshan County Chronicle", there is Ehu Mountain in the northeast of Qianshan County. There is a lake on the mountain. It was originally called Hehu. Because the Gong family of the Eastern Jin Dynasty lived in the mountain and raised geese, it was renamed Ehu. The Ehu Lake has beautiful scenery and is a place where the author often visited when he was living.

Shepherd's purse flowers bloom in spring on the plains,

After the new plowing, the crows fall away after the rain.

Passionate white-haired spring is helpless,

In the evening, Qinglian wine is easy to get on credit.

A leisurely attitude and a careful life,

There are mulberry trees on the west bank of the cattle pen.

Whose daughter is wearing a green skirt and a black mantle?

Let’s go and see the mother-in-law while silkworms are growing.

The author describes the scenery and writes about shepherd's purse flowers. Shepherd's purse flower is a kind of wild vegetable. It is ordinary, simple and not afraid of wind and cold. It is the earliest green in spring, the earliest small white flowers bloom, and the young stems are edible. White shepherd's purse flowers are blooming all over the fields. The newly plowed land coincides with the spring rain, and a group of crows descend on the newly plowed land to look for food. A few strokes put the spring scenery in front of the readers. No matter how beautiful the spring scenery is, I can't help but turn gray with worry. I had no choice but to go to a hotel where the wine flag was flying and buy wine on credit to relieve my worries.

The life of the villagers is leisurely and orderly, and mulberry trees and hemp are planted beside the cattle pens. Taking advantage of the free time before the spring silkworms were born, someone's daughter-in-law went to her parents' house wearing a white dress and a blue skirt.

Spring in the countryside is quiet and full of vitality. At this time, the poet was in his forties and had nothing to do. He drank in the hotel to relieve his sorrow, and his head turned gray with sorrow.

Xin Qiji resigned from office and lived in leisure. First he settled in Daihu, Shangrao, and later moved his family to Laoquan, Qianshan. He wrote a poem "Partridge Sky" when he was in Laoquan, Qianshan. The inscription is: "Looking for chrysanthemums, there are none, it's a play."

Cover your nose in the stench of the world,

In ancient times, only wine has a fragrant aroma.

Ever since I came and went by the clouds and smoke,

I have been busy singing and dancing until now.

Call my wife, enjoy the autumn light,

Where can the yellow flowers avoid the Double Ninth Festival?

To know the season of rotten rice,

wait for the west wind and a night of frost.

There is also a song "Partridge Sky", the title is "Ode for Generations":

The soft mulberries on the road are breaking the buds,

To the east are silkworm seeds Already born.

The fine grass in the flat hills is singing yellow calves,

The setting sun is cold and the forest is dotted with dusk ducks.

The mountains are far and near, and the roads are sloping.

There are people selling wine in Qingqi.

The peaches and plums in the city are worried about the wind and rain,

The shepherd's purse flowers are blooming in Xitou in spring.

The last two sentences are famous lines in Xin's poems. He believed that being an official in the city was not as comfortable as living in the country. Said to be a "generational gift", it actually expresses my own thoughts and comforts me for my seclusion in the countryside.

When Xin Qiji was just in his early forties, he was kicked out of the officialdom and lived idle at home. His full ambition to save the country and take revenge could not be realized. Very transparent. To describe the officialdom as "a rotten place in the world that hides one's nose" is not only a vent for the accumulated anger in one's chest, but also the most appropriate and vivid artistic summary. In ancient and modern times, only wine is fragrant and pure. Only when you are drunk can everything stop.

Xin Qiji only returned to his hometown to live leisurely. The place he chose was surrounded by mountains and rivers, with misty clouds and mist, far away from the hustle and bustle of the world, like a paradise. Live a leisurely life, like a god, in the clouds, mist, singing and dancing.

Call my wife to enjoy the autumn scenery. The wife here can be understood as an old partner, an old friend, or an old wife. Appreciating chrysanthemums but not seeing chrysanthemums, how did the chrysanthemums escape the Double Ninth Festival? It's because it's not cold yet, so the chrysanthemums haven't bloomed yet. To know the season of rotten leaves, wait for the west wind and a night of frost. It not only praises the character and spirit of the chrysanthemum, but also reflects the character and spirit of the lyricist.

Xin Qiji lived in seclusion in the countryside for a long time, and observed rural life carefully and experienced it deeply. One of his poems, "Spring in the Jade House", is a rural sung, fresh, lively and humorous.

Whose daughter is there in twos and threes?

Listen to the songbirds talking on the branches.

I have been carrying the pot and selling wine for a long time.

I have to go early when my mother-in-law’s cake is burnt.

When I was drunk, I forgot the way I came.

I asked the traveler where he lived.

Just look for the ancient temple,

and then pass the Chinese tallow tree in the south of the river.

The upper and lower pieces are two pictures that complement each other. The above film is a picture of a wandering girl listening to birds. Women in groups of two or three listen to the chirping of birds in the trees. The chirping of the birds is as clever as human speech: "I carry the pot and go out to make wine, and the mother-in-law pancakes are burnt." Tihu and Po Pancake are both named after birds.

The next film is even more interesting. A man is drunk and forgets his way back. Pedestrians are eager to point out where to go. The more serious the guide is, the more drunk the person asking for directions becomes.

Xin Qiji lived idle and often drank to pass the lonely time. Use wine to relieve your worries. After being drunk, you will have no time to worry about. Sometimes I get drunk and look ridiculous. A poem he wrote called "Moon on the West River". Inscription: "Condemnation".

If you are drunk and want to laugh,

you will have no time to worry.

Recently I have begun to realize that ancient people’s writings are useless.

There is no point in believing them.

Songbian was drunk last night,

I asked Songbian how I was drunk?

I just suspected that Song Song was coming to help me,

I pushed Song Song with my hand and said "Go"!

Because the author advocated resistance to the Jin Dynasty, he was not used by the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty, so he had no choice but to get drunk and indulge in pleasure to relieve his sorrow. Mencius once said: "It is better to believe in all books than to have no books at all." Xin Qiji translated this phrase, which means that there are many wise sayings in ancient books, but they do not work in reality, so it is better to not believe them than to believe them.

The next film recalls the scene of drunkenness last night, which was written by mistake and made the person loose when moving, and the drunken state is vividly reproduced.

The whole poem is written around the word "drunk", using drunkenness to express sorrow and anger, which is full of wit and humor.

Xin Qiji once made up his mind to quit drinking. He wrote a poem "Qinyuanchun" with the inscription: "I will stop drinking, and I will stop drinking and keep the drinking glass away." It means I'm going to stop drinking, and I'm warning the wine glass not to come near me.

Before you come here,

I will check the body now.

I have been thirsty for many years,

my throat is like a burnt cauldron;

I feel like sleeping now,

my breath is like thunder.

You said, "Liu Ling,

a master of ancient and modern times,

why not die and be buried after being drunk."

Such is the case,

I feel sorry for you as a confidant,

What a shame!

They also rely on singing and dancing as matchmakers.

It’s considered a co-operation in the human world.

There is no big or small complaint,

it is born from what you love;

There is no good or bad thing,

if it is wrong, it will be a disaster.

I have a word with you:

"Don't stay and retreat immediately,

I can still drink your cup."

After bowing the cup again,

he said, "He will go as soon as he is commanded, and he will come as soon as he is summoned."

This poem was written by Xin Qiji when he was living leisurely in Laoquan, Qianshan. The author personifies the wine glass and uses the dialogue between the author and the wine glass to illustrate that alcoholism is bad for health, so he is determined to quit drinking. What's funny is that I don't have much determination to quit drinking.

At first, the poet shouted angrily: Bei, don’t come. I checked my body now and found that I have been thirsty all year round, my throat is as dry as a burnt pot, I am always lethargic, and I have thunderous breathing while sleeping, all of which are caused by drinking alcohol. The wine glass replied: "Liu Ling, a drunkard, can be said to be a great master in ancient and modern times. He gets drunk when he has wine. After he is drunk, he might as well die and be buried. The master of the poem said: It is true. We have been close friends for many years. Your statement is too heartless.

When the ancients held banquets and drank wine, they often used singing and dancing as a medium to entertain people. Therefore, wine is particularly harmful to people, just like the poison of doves. Moreover, resentment in the world, no matter how big or small, is often caused by greed; there is no beauty or evil in things. If you exceed the limit, you will go to the opposite direction. There is no question of good or bad wine. Drinking too much becomes a harmful and bad thing. In this way, if drinking is harmful, you cannot just blame the wine, but you must also review your own lack of restraint. The poet made an agreement with the wine glass: "Don't leave in a hurry, otherwise I will smash you to pieces." He saluted again and again and said, "You wave me away and I come back." "This is a compromise agreement reached by both parties. The knowing words make people laugh. After Xin Qiji wrote this poem about quitting drinking, he drank as much as he saw.

The Mid-Autumn Festival is a night for poets to drink and express their emotions. . Xin Qiji once wrote two poems about Mid-Autumn Festival, one of which is "One Cut of Plum Blossoms".

Reminiscing about the Mid-Autumn Festival. p>

Flowers are in the cup,

The moon is in the cup.

The same person is upstairs tonight.

The screen window is wet with clouds.

The screen window is wet with rain.

I want to ask about the chemical industry.

The road is difficult to pass.

The letter is also difficult to pass. > The whole hall is only red with candles.

The cup is calm,

The song is calm

The white osmanthus flowers are silver. Osmanthus, the yellow flowers are golden osmanthus, and the red flowers are osmanthus. I recall the past Mid-Autumn Festival, drinking wine and admiring the moon in the osmanthus bushes, the flowers are in the wine glass, and the moon is in the wine glass. This year's Mid-Autumn Festival, because of the rain, we can only stay upstairs. I went there, the wine was the same, there were clouds and rain in front of the window, but there was no moon.

I wanted to go up to the sky to ask, but the sky was blocked and there was no way to write in the painting hall. There is no moon, only the red candle shines on the demon, so I can only raise my glass and drink calmly and enjoy the songs and dances

The preface of another Mid-Autumn Festival poem "Magnolia" written by Xin Qiji is: "Drinking in the Mid-Autumn Festival." On the first day of the lunar month, the guest said that the previous poems had poems about waiting for the moon, but there were no poems about sending the moon, because they used the style of "Tian Wen".

Poor moon tonight,

Where to go, Go to Youyou?

It’s a different world.

Where can I see the light and shadow to the east?

It’s the sky and the sky is full of sweat.

But Changfeng Haohao sent me the Mid-Autumn Festival?

Who can tie the flying mirror without roots?

Who will keep it if Chang'e doesn't marry?

It is said that there is no reason to go through the sea. ,

Being in a trance makes people sad.

Afraid of thousands of miles of whales,

vertical and horizontal touch,

Jade Palace and Qiong Tower.

A shrimp and toad are worthy of bathing in water.

How can a jade rabbit explain ups and downs?

If everything is fine,

Why is it slowly becoming like a hook?

The moon is so cute tonight. It floats leisurely and goes west. Where are you going? Is there another human world over there, watching you rise from the east? Or are you out in the sky, the sky is long, and the wind is blowing to see you off? You are like a flying mirror, why don't you fall down? Who will keep Chang'e in the middle of the month if she doesn't marry? It is said that the moon swims across the seabed, but this is also unfounded and makes people unable to understand and makes them worry. If we really go to the bottom of the sea, we are afraid that thousands of miles of whales will swim across the sea and knock down the Jade Palace and the Qiong Tower in the middle of the moon. Besides, the Jade Toad in the middle of the moon can swim, what should the Jade Rabbit do? If everything is fine, why does the full moon turn into a hook shape again?

This word is innovative in the poetry of chanting the moon. Poetry critic Wang Guowei commented that in the first five sentences of this poem, "the poet imagines and directly understands the principle of the moon orbiting the earth, and is closely connected with scientists. It can be said to be spiritual enlightenment" ("Human Cihua").

Mao Zedong liked Xin Qiji's poem "Magnolia Slowly? Poor Today's Moon" very much. In 1964, he talked with Zhou Peiyuan and Yu Guangyuan about the idea of ??a round earth contained in this poem. It can be seen that in addition to his appreciation of the art of this poem, Mao Zedong also highly praised the poet's profound dialectical thinking.