1. The birth and death dates of Yin Jifu, the "ancestor of Chinese poetry", are unknown. A native of Qingfeng in Fangling (now Fangxian County), the surname is Xi, whose name is Jia (one is Uncle) and the courtesy name is Jifu (one is Jifu). After his death, he was buried in Qingfeng Mountain. He was a minister of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty. The first politician and philosopher in the history of Hubei Province
1. Yin Jifu, the "ancestor of Chinese poetry"
The year of birth and death is unknown. A native of Qingfeng in Fangling (now Fangxian County), the surname is Xi, whose name is Jia (one is Uncle) and the courtesy name is Jifu (one is Jifu). After his death, he was buried in Qingfeng Mountain. He was a minister of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty. The first politician, philosopher, and military strategist in the history of Hubei Province, he is the main compiler and representative author of the Book of Songs. Known as the "ancestor of Chinese poetry". Fang County still preserves Yin Jifu's tomb, temple, inscriptions and other remains.
2. Qu (Yuan) Song (Yu) Ci Fu
Qu Yuan (about 340 BC - about 275 BC), whose name was Ping and whose courtesy name was Yuan, was born in Danyang (now Zigui) of Chu during the Warring States Period. . He first assisted King Huai and served as Zuo Tu and Sanlu doctor. Later, he was slandered and resigned. During the reign of King Qingxiang, he was exiled and swam in the Yuanxiang River Basin. After the capital city of Ying was captured by the Qin soldiers, he committed suicide by throwing himself into the Miluo River. He is the author of "Li Sao", "Nine Songs", "Tianwen" and other unfortunate works handed down to the world.
Song Yu (290 BC-223 BC) was also known as Ziyuan. He was a native of Yan (now Yicheng) during the Warring States Period. Born after Qu Yuan, he may be said to be Qu Yuan's disciple. He once served as King Qingxiang of Chu. He is good at Ci Fu and became the Ci Fu family after Qu Yuan. It is said that he wrote many poems and poems. "Hanshu Volume 30 Yiwenzhi 10th" contains 16 poems, many of which are lost today. His popular works include "Nine Bian", "Feng Fu", "Gaotang Fu", "Dengtuzi Lustful Fu", etc.
3. Landscape and Pastoral Poet Meng Haoran
(689-740) His real name is Hao, and his courtesy name is Haoran. He was from Xiangyang. He is one of the main writers of the landscape pastoral school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Because he had never been an official, he was also called a Mengshan native. He once lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain. The poem is as famous as Wang Wei and is named Wang Meng. His poems are always clear and transcendent without any intention of seeking craftsmanship. They are unexpected, leisurely and light, with the sound of springs flowing on rocks and wind blowing under the pine trees. There is "Meng Haoran Collection".
According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 2,000 poems by poets from the Jingchu area in the Tang Dynasty. Among the poets of the Tang Dynasty, those who were born in or lived in Jingchu or traveled to Jingchu include the famous poets Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen, Zhang Shuo, Chen Ziang, Wang Wei, Cen Shen, Li Shangyin, Yuan Zhen, Liu Zongyuan, Du Mu, Liu Yuxi, Han Yu, Wang Jian, Qian Qi, Wen Tingyun, Pi Rixiu, etc. They were attracted by the scenery of Jingchu, or were intoxicated by the mountains and rivers of Jingchu. Naturally, they were also influenced by the culture of Jingchu, leaving many magnificent poems that will last forever in the poetry world.
4. Tea Sage Lu Yu
(703-804) His courtesy name was Hongjian, his given name was Ji, and his nickname was Jizhen. His nicknames were Jinglingzi, Sangjuweng, Donggangzi, and Fuzhou in Tang Dynasty. A native of Jingling (now Tianmen, Hubei). He has been addicted to tea all his life and is proficient in tea ceremony. He is famous for his "Tea Classic", the world's first monograph on tea. Lu Yu was versatile. In addition to the "Tea Classic", he also wrote many other works, but not many of them have been handed down to the world.
5. Yuan Hongdao and the Gong'an School
Yuan Hongdao (1568-1610) was a Ming writer. The courtesy name is Zhonglang, also the courtesy name is Wuxue, and the nickname is Shi Gong, also the nickname is Liuxiu. Police officer. In literature, Hongdao opposed the trend of "literature must be based on the Qin and Han Dynasties, and poetry must be based on the prosperous Tang Dynasty", and put forward the theory of "spirituality that expresses one's nature alone, without sticking to stereotypes". Along with his elder brother Yuan Zongdao and younger brother Yuan Zhongdao, they both have talented names, and they are collectively known as the "Three Yuans of Public Security".
The Gong'an School is an important school in late Ming literature. The main founders are the "Three Yuans", namely the three brothers Yuan Zongdao (1560-1600), Yuan Hongdao (1568-1610), and Yuan Zhongdao (1570-1623), who were from Gong'an and were all Jinshi in the Wanli Dynasty. The "Gong'an School" opposes the use of various rules and precepts such as imitation of ancient times, imitation of ancient times, and eight-legged prose to constrain the author's personality, which is of progressive significance.
6. Zhongxing and the Jingling School
Zhongxing (1574-1624) was a writer of the Ming Dynasty. The courtesy name is Bojing and the nickname is Tuigu. He was from Jingling (today's gate) in Huguang. In the thirty-eighth year of Wanli (1610), he became a Jinshi. He once served as the director of the Ministry of Industry. In the forty-fourth year of Wanli (1616), he and Lin Gudu climbed Mount Tai. Later, he went to Fujian to study Qianshi. Soon he resigned and returned to his hometown, where he studied in isolation and entered a monastery in his later years. He was a cold-blooded person and did not like to meet secular guests, so he got to thank people and study history books.
He and Tongli Tan Yuanchun jointly selected "Return of Tang Poems" and "Return of Ancient Poems" (see "Return of Poems"), which became famous for a while and formed the "Jingling School", known as "Zhong Tan" in the world.
The Jingling School is a literary school that appeared at the same time as the "Gong'an School". Its founders were Zhong Xing and Tan Yuanchun from Jingling (Today's Gate). The literary views of the "Jingling School" were basically the same as those of the "Gong'an School". They opposed copying the past and advocated the expression of spirituality, which played a certain role in the development of prose at that time.
7. Jiayu Erli
A pair of talented brothers came out of Jiayu, Hubei Province in the Ming Dynasty. The elder brother Li Chengfang and the younger brother Li Chengji were very successful in literature. People at that time called it "Jiayu Erli".
Li Chengfang
The years of birth and death are unknown. The name is Maoqing. About the fourth year of Emperor Xiaozong's reign in the Ming Dynasty, he was alive. In the third year of Hongzhi (1490), he became a Jinshi. Officials at Dali Temple commentate on affairs. Chengfang wrote fifteen volumes of Dongqiao Collection, and the "Siku General Catalog" has been handed down to the world.
Li Chengji
(1452-1505) was named Shiqing and Daya Jushi. In the third year of Hongzhi (1490), he became a Jinshi. He once went to the south of Wuling (today's Guangzhou area) to be a disciple of Xinhui scholar Chen Xianzhang, and later lived in seclusion in Jiayu Huanggong Mountain to study. He also built a platform at the western foot of Huanggong Mountain and used fishing poles to get comfortable. He is the author of twenty volumes of "Daya Collection" which has been published in the world.
8. Wu Wei and the Jiangxia School
Wu Wei (1459-1508) was a painter of the Ming Dynasty. The courtesy name is Ciweng, also known as Shiying, Lufu, and Xiaoxian. A native of Jiangxia (now part of Wuhan, Hubei Province). He has been lonely since he was a child, but he loves painting and is very outstanding. Later, he went to Jinling and became famous in both capitals. He was called to the court by Emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty to paint, and he was also given the title of Jinyiwei Zongfu. During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong, he was granted the imperial title of "One Hundred Households of Imperial Guards" and the seal of "No. 1 Scholar in Painting". Fine landscapes are the longest in drawing figures. At that time, he was as famous as Du Jin, Shen Zhou and Guo Yi. After Wu Wei's painting skills matured, he gradually got rid of the shackles of his predecessors, stood out as the "Zhejiang School", and became the founder of the "Jiangxia School". Those who passed down his painting techniques include Jiang Song, Zhang Lu, Song Chen, Jiang Gui, Song Chengchun, Wang Yi, etc., who are known as the "Jiangxia School". Representative works include: "Picture of Picking Zhizhi", "Picture of Fairies and Couples with Cranes", "Picture of Fairy Zhizhi", "Picture of Fishing Boats in Xishan" and line drawings of "Figures of Figures" and "Pictures of Immortals", etc.
9. Medical Saint Li Shizhen
(1518-1593), whose courtesy name was Dongbi, and whose late name was the old man near the lake. A native of Qizhou (now Qichun). Ming medical scientist. He studied Confucianism when he was young and later became a doctor. He once carefully studied ancient books and medical classics, and personally went to the mountains to collect medicines to collect folk experience. Feeling that there were many erroneous theories on Materia Medica in the past dynasties, he compiled the "Compendium of Materia Medica" in 52 volumes over a period of 27 years, with about 1.9 million words. He also conducted research on pulse science and meridians, and his works such as "Binhu Pulse Study" and "Eight Meridians Examination of Qijing" have been passed down to the world; while "Theory of the Five Internal Organs" and "The Examination of Mingmen" and other medical works have been lost. In addition to his achievements in medicine, he was also an excellent poet and painter. He wrote many poems throughout his life, which were collected in his "Collected Poems of Feng Guo Sui Guan", and also wrote some poems. Unfortunately, these poems and essays have been lost, and now there are only two poems "Wu Mingqing Returns from Dacan, Henan" and "Painting Plum Blossoms on Snow Lake". In addition, Li Shizhen is also a good painter. His "Compendium of Materia Medica" is also a unique painting book, with 1,227 pictures of drug forms at the front of the book.
10. Historical geographer Yang Shoujing
(1839-1915) was nicknamed Xingwu, and in his later years he called himself Old Man Linsu. A native of Yidu City, he was an outstanding historical geographer, epigrapher, bibliographer, calligraphy artist and bibliophile in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. He was known as "the first beginner in the late Qing Dynasty". In the first year of Tongzhi (1862), he passed the examination and passed the National History Museum transcript in 1874. From 1880 to 1884, he served as attaché of the imperial envoy to Japan. After returning to China, he successively served as a lecturer at Huanggang Academy, a professor at Lianghu Academy, and the chief dean of Qincheng (later changed to Cungu) Academy. In 1909, he was promoted to the position of consultant of the Ministry of Rites, and the following year he was concurrently employed as the editor of the Hubei General Chronicle Bureau. Died in Beijing on January 9, 1915. He compiled 83 kinds of works including "Map of Ancient Dynasties" and "Annotations on Shui Jing".
In addition, there are:
1. Liu Biao and the "Jingzhou School"
In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, when Liu Biao was governing Jingzhou (196-208), he A school was established in Xiangyang and academic officials were appointed. He tried his best to recruit talents from all over the world, and for a time celebrities gathered together. The "Jingzhou School" was born and became famous far and wide.
Liu Biao ordered Song Zhong to organize Confucian scholars to write the "Five Classics Chapters and Sentences", which was the first time that ancient classics were included in official studies. Due to the academic activities of representatives of the Jingzhou School such as Song Zhong, Sima Hui, Ying Rong, and Xie Gai at that time, ancient classics became popular in Jingzhou and competed with Zheng (Xuan) studies in the Yellow River Basin. For the first time, Hubei has become a veritable national academic and cultural temple.
2. Wang Yuanlu and Dunhuang Studies (1849-1931) was from Macheng, Hubei Province (some say he was from Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province). The original name is Yuanlu, which is either Yuanlu or Yuanlu. The family is poor, and they have to escape for food and clothing. At the beginning of Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, he entered the Suzhou patrol camp and became a brave soldier. He followed Taoism, left the army, and was ordained as a Taoist priest, with the Taoist name Fa Zhen, and traveled to Xinjiang. Yue Guang 2. Wang Yuanlu and Dunhuang Studies
(1849-1931) was a native of Macheng, Hubei (some say Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province). The original name is Yuanlu, which is either Yuanlu or Yuanlu. The family is poor, and they have to escape for food and clothing. At the beginning of Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, he entered the Suzhou patrol camp and became a brave soldier. He followed Taoism, left the army, and was ordained as a Taoist priest, with the Taoist name Fa Zhen, and traveled to Xinjiang. About the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), he went to Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. At that time, there were three temples in the Mogao Grottoes area, namely the upper, middle and lower temples. The upper and middle temples are the permanent residences of Tibetan Buddhist lamas. The lower temple, with the Thousand Buddha Cave as its main body, has been abandoned for a long time and is unattended. Therefore, Wang Yuanlu stayed in the lower temple, gradually renovated the damaged caves, and transformed a small part into a Taoist temple. In Cave No. 16, he discovered the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Sutra Cave that shocked both China and the world. In 1931,
Wang Yuanlu died at the age of 80. He was buried on the east bank of the Daquan River in front of the Mogao Grottoes. On July 3 of the same year, his disciples erected a stele on his tomb. The stele recorded the process of his discovery of the Sutra Cave.
3. Outstanding Talents in Huanggang
Huanggang has outstanding people. Talents have emerged in large numbers throughout history, covering various fields such as politics, economy, military, science and technology, culture, and religion. There are countless famous scholars, scientists, and writers born here. There are the philosopher Xiong Shili who created the "New Consciousness Theory", the "modern great Confucian" Xu Fuguan, the "Father of Chinese Glaciers" Li Siguang, the famous poet, professor and democratic fighter Wen Yiduo, the literary theorist Hu Feng, the master of Chinese studies Huang Kan, the history Wang Baoxin, a scholar of literature and local chronicles, and Tang Yongtong, an academic master who connects China and Western India, etc.
What is even more intriguing is that through the hustle and bustle, people may discover a peculiar cultural code: Guan Yu and Zhuge Liang, the incarnations of loyalty and wisdom highly respected by the Chinese nation, although their ancestral home has nothing to do with Hubei. She, but his character was sharpened in Hubei, and his talents were sublimated in Jingchu. It was Hubei that created the "Martial Sage" Guan Gong and the "Wisdom Sage" Kong Ming.
Guan Yu (?-220) had the courtesy name Yunchang and the nickname Meibeard Gong. A native of Jiezhou, Hedong, Bingzhou (now Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province). He once served as a former general of the Shu Han regime and was promoted to the title of Marquis Shouting of the Han Dynasty. In the winter of the 24th year of Jian'an, he retreated to Dangyang Maicheng and was killed. His posthumous title is "Zhuang Miaohou".
Zhuge Liang (181-234) was given the courtesy name Kongming and the nickname Wolong. A native of Langya Yangdu (now Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong Province), he was the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty and an outstanding statesman, diplomat, inventor and strategist during the Three Kingdoms period. In the twelfth year of Jian'an (207), Liu Bei visited Xiangyang thatched cottage three times, and Zhuge Liang proposed "Longzhong Dui" and became famous. When he was still alive, he was granted the title of Marquis of Wuxiang and his posthumous title of Marquis of Zhongwu.
Mi Fu (1051-about 1108) was named Yuanzhang, also known as Xiangyang Mantu and Haiyue Waishi. His ancestral home is Shanxi and he moved to Xiangyang, where he is known as "Mi Xiangyang". The calligraphy and paintings of Mi Fu and his eldest son Mi Youren are outstanding. Both father and son are good at landscape painting and calligraphy. Mi Fu called himself Xiangyang Manshi, and together with Cai Xiang, Su Shi, and Huang Tingjian, he was known as the "Four Song Dynasty Schools". His works include "History of Calligraphy", "History of Painting", "History of Inkstones", "Haiyue Famous Sayings", etc.
Comment 1. "The Forefather of Chinese Poetry" Yin Jifu
The year of birth and death is unknown. A native of Qingfeng in Fangling (now Fangxian County), the surname is Xi, whose name is Jia (one is Uncle) and the courtesy name is Jifu (one is Jifu). After his death, he was buried in Qingfeng Mountain. He was a minister of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty. The first politician, philosopher, and military strategist in the history of Hubei Province, he is the main compiler and representative author of the Book of Songs. Known as the "ancestor of Chinese poetry". Fang County still preserves Yin Jifu's tomb, temple, inscriptions and other remains.
2. Qu (Yuan) Song (Yu) Ci Fu
Qu Yuan (about 340 BC - about 275 BC), whose name was Ping and whose courtesy name was Yuan, was born in Danyang (now Zigui) of Chu during the Warring States Period. . He first assisted King Huai and served as Zuo Tu and Sanlu doctor. Later, he was slandered and resigned. During the reign of King Qingxiang, he was exiled and swam in the Yuanxiang River Basin. After the capital city of Ying was captured by the Qin soldiers, he committed suicide by throwing himself into the Miluo River. He is the author of "Li Sao", "Nine Songs", "Tianwen" and other unfortunate works handed down to the world.
Song Yu (290 BC-223 BC) was also known as Ziyuan. A native of Yan (now Yicheng) during the Warring States Period. Born after Qu Yuan, he may be said to be Qu Yuan's disciple. He once served as King Qingxiang of Chu. He is good at Ci Fu and became the Ci Fu master after Qu Yuan. It is said that he wrote many poems and poems. "Hanshu Volume 30 Yiwenzhi 10th" contains 16 poems, many of which are lost today. His popular works include "Nine Bian", "Feng Fu", "Gaotang Fu", "Dengtuzi Lustful Fu", etc.
3. Meng Haoran, a landscape and pastoral poet
(689-740) whose real name was Hao and whose courtesy name was Haoran, was from Xiangyang. He is one of the main writers of the landscape pastoral school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Because he had never been an official, he was also called a Mengshan native. He once lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain. The poem is as famous as Wang Wei and is named Wang Meng. His poems are always clear and transcendent without any intention of seeking craftsmanship. They are unexpected, leisurely and light, with the sound of spring flowing on rocks and the wind blowing under the pines. There is "Meng Haoran Collection".
According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 2,000 poems by poets from the Jingchu area in the Tang Dynasty. Among the poets of the Tang Dynasty, those who were born in or lived in Jingchu or traveled to Jingchu include the famous poets Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen, Zhang Shuo, Chen Ziang, Wang Wei, Cen Shen, Li Shangyin, Yuan Zhen, Liu Zongyuan, Du Mu, Liu Yuxi, Han Yu, Wang Jian, Qian Qi, Wen Tingyun, Pi Rixiu, etc. They were attracted by the scenery of Jingchu, or were intoxicated by the mountains and rivers of Jingchu. Naturally, they were also influenced by the culture of Jingchu, leaving many magnificent poems that will last forever in the poetry world.
4. Tea Sage Lu Yu
(703-804) His courtesy name was Hongjian, his given name was Ji, and his nickname was Jizhen. His nicknames were Jinglingzi, Sangjuweng, Donggangzi, and Fuzhou in Tang Dynasty. A native of Jingling (now Tianmen, Hubei). He has been addicted to tea all his life and is proficient in tea ceremony. He is famous for his "Tea Classic", the world's first monograph on tea. Lu Yu was versatile. In addition to the "Tea Classic", he also wrote many other works, but not many of them have been handed down to the world.
5. Yuan Hongdao and the Gong'an School
Yuan Hongdao (1568-1610) was a Ming writer. The courtesy name is Zhonglang, also the courtesy name is Wuxue, and the nickname is Shi Gong, also the nickname is Liuxiu. Police officer. In literature, Hongdao opposed the trend of "literature must be based on the Qin and Han Dynasties, and poetry must be based on the prosperous Tang Dynasty", and put forward the theory of "spirituality that expresses one's nature alone, without sticking to stereotypes". Along with his elder brother Yuan Zongdao and younger brother Yuan Zhongdao, they both have talented names, and they are collectively known as the "Three Yuans of Public Security".
The Gong'an School is an important school in late Ming literature. The main founders are the "Three Yuans", namely the three brothers Yuan Zongdao (1560-1600), Yuan Hongdao (1568-1610), and Yuan Zhongdao (1570-1623), who were from Gong'an and were all Jinshi in the Wanli Dynasty. The "Gong'an School" opposes the use of various rules and precepts such as imitation of ancient times, imitation of ancient times, and eight-legged prose to constrain the author's personality, which is of progressive significance.
6. Zhongxing and the Jingling School
Zhongxing (1574-1624) was a writer of the Ming Dynasty. The courtesy name is Bojing and the nickname is Tuigu. He was from Jingling (today's gate) in Huguang. In the thirty-eighth year of Wanli (1610), he became a Jinshi. He once served as the director of the Ministry of Industry. In the forty-fourth year of Wanli (1616), he and Lin Gudu climbed Mount Tai. Later, he went to Fujian to study Qianshi. Soon he resigned and returned to his hometown, where he studied in isolation and entered a monastery in his later years. He was a cold-blooded person and did not like to meet secular guests, so he got to thank people and study history books. He and Tongli Tan Yuanchun jointly selected "Return of Tang Poems" and "Return of Ancient Poems" (see "Return of Poems"), which became famous for a while and formed the "Jingling School", known as "Zhong Tan" in the world.
The Jingling School is a literary school that appeared at the same time as the "Gong'an School". Its founders were Zhong Xing and Tan Yuanchun from Jingling (Today's Gate). The literary views of the "Jingling School" were basically the same as those of the "Gong'an School". They opposed copying the past and advocated the expression of spirituality, which played a certain role in the development of prose at that time.
7. Jiayu Erli
A pair of talented brothers came out of Jiayu, Hubei Province in the Ming Dynasty. The elder brother Li Chengfang and the younger brother Li Chengji were very successful in literature. People at that time called it "Jiayu Erli".
Li Chengfang
The years of birth and death are unknown. The name is Maoqing. About the fourth year of Emperor Xiaozong's reign in the Ming Dynasty, he was alive.
In the third year of Hongzhi (1490), he became a Jinshi. Officials at Dali Temple commentate on affairs. Chengfang wrote fifteen volumes of Dongqiao Collection, and the "Siku General Catalog" has been handed down to the world.
Li Chengji
(1452-1505) was named Shiqing and Daya Jushi. In the third year of Hongzhi (1490), he became a Jinshi. He once went to the south of Wuling (today's Guangzhou area) to be a disciple of Xinhui scholar Chen Xianzhang, and later lived in seclusion in Jiayu Huanggong Mountain to study. He also built a platform at the western foot of Huanggong Mountain and used fishing poles to get comfortable. He is the author of twenty volumes of "Daya Collection" which has been published in the world.
8. Wu Wei and the Jiangxia School
Wu Wei (1459-1508) was a Ming painter. The courtesy name is Ciweng, also known as Shiying, Lufu, and Xiaoxian. A native of Jiangxia (now part of Wuhan, Hubei Province). He has been lonely since he was a child, but he loves painting and is very outstanding. Later, he went to Jinling and became famous in both capitals. He was called to the court by Emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty to paint, and he was also given the title of Jinyi Guard to control. During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong, he was granted the imperial title of "One Hundred Households of Imperial Guards" and the seal of "No. 1 Scholar in Painting". Fine landscapes are the longest in drawing figures. At that time, he was as famous as Du Jin, Shen Zhou and Guo Yi. After Wu Wei's painting skills matured, he gradually got rid of the shackles of his predecessors, stood out as the "Zhejiang School", and became the founder of the "Jiangxia School". Those who passed down his painting techniques include Jiang Song, Zhang Lu, Song Chen, Jiang Gui, Song Chengchun, Wang Yi, etc., who are known as the "Jiangxia School". Representative works include: "Picture of Picking Zhizhi", "Picture of Fairies and Couples with Cranes", "Picture of Fairy Zhizhi", "Picture of Fishing Boats in Xishan" and line drawings of "Figures of Figures" and "Pictures of Immortals", etc.
9. Medical Saint Li Shizhen
(1518-1593), whose courtesy name was Dongbi, and whose late name was Nianhu Old Man. A native of Qizhou (now Qichun). Ming medical scientist. He studied Confucianism when he was young and later became a doctor. He once carefully studied ancient books and medical classics, and personally went to the mountains to collect medicines to collect folk experience. Feeling that there were many erroneous theories on Materia Medica in the past dynasties, he compiled the "Compendium of Materia Medica" in 52 volumes over a period of 27 years, with about 1.9 million words. He also conducted research on pulse science and meridians, and his works such as "Binhu Pulse Study" and "Eight Meridians Examination of Qijing" have been passed down to the world; while "Theory of the Five Internal Organs" and "The Examination of Mingmen" and other medical works have been lost. In addition to his achievements in medicine, he was also an excellent poet and painter. He wrote many poems throughout his life, which were collected in his "Collected Poems of Feng Guo Sui Guan", and also wrote some poems. Unfortunately, these poems and essays have been lost, and now there are only two poems "Wu Mingqing Returns from Dacan, Henan" and "Painting Plum Blossoms on Snow Lake". In addition, Li Shizhen is also a good painter. His "Compendium of Materia Medica" is also a unique painting book, with 1,227 pictures of drug forms at the front of the book.
10. Historical geographer Yang Shoujing
(1839-1915) was nicknamed Xingwu, and in his later years he called himself Old Man Linsu. A native of Yidu City, he was an outstanding historical geographer, epigrapher, bibliographer, calligraphy artist and bibliophile in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. He was known as "the first beginner in the late Qing Dynasty". In the first year of Tongzhi (1862), he passed the examination and passed the National History Museum transcript in 1874. From 1880 to 1884, he served as attaché of the imperial envoy to Japan. After returning to China, he successively served as a lecturer at Huanggang Academy, a professor at Lianghu Academy, and the chief dean of Qincheng (later changed to Cungu) Academy. In 1909, he was promoted to the position of consultant of the Ministry of Rites, and the following year he was concurrently employed as the editor of the Hubei General Chronicle Bureau. Died in Beijing on January 9, 1915. He compiled 83 kinds of works including "Map of Ancient Dynasties" and "Annotations on Shui Jing".
In addition, there are:
1. Liu Biao and the "Jingzhou School"
In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, when Liu Biao was governing Jingzhou (196-208), he A school was established in Xiangyang and academic officials were appointed. He tried his best to recruit talents from all over the world, and for a time celebrities gathered together. The "Jingzhou School" was born and became famous far and wide. Liu Biao ordered Song Zhong to organize Confucian scholars to write the "Five Classics Chapters and Sentences", which was the first time that ancient classics were included in official studies. Due to the academic activities of representatives of the Jingzhou School such as Song Zhong, Sima Hui, Ying Rong, and Xie Gai at that time, ancient classics became popular in Jingzhou and competed with Zheng (Xuan) studies in the Yellow River Basin. For the first time, Hubei has become a veritable national academic and cultural temple.
2. Wang Yuanlu and Dunhuang Studies
(1849-1931) was a native of Macheng, Hubei (some say Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province). The original name is Yuanlu, which is either Yuanlu or Yuanlu. The family is poor, and they have to escape for food and clothing. At the beginning of Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, he entered the Suzhou patrol camp and became a brave soldier. He followed Taoism, left the army, and was ordained as a Taoist priest, with the Taoist name Fa Zhen, and traveled to Xinjiang. About the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), he went to Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.
At that time, there were three temples in the Mogao Grottoes area, namely the upper, middle and lower temples. The upper and middle temples are the permanent residences of Tibetan Buddhist lamas. The lower temple, with the Thousand Buddha Cave as its main body, has been abandoned for a long time and is unattended. Therefore, Wang Yuanlu stayed in the lower temple, gradually renovated the damaged caves, and transformed a small part into a Taoist temple. In Cave No. 16, he discovered the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Sutra Cave that shocked both China and the world. In 1931,
Wang Yuanlu died at the age of 80. He was buried on the east bank of the Daquan River in front of the Mogao Grottoes. On July 3 of the same year, his disciples erected a stele on his tomb. The stele recorded the process of his discovery of the Sutra Cave.
3. Outstanding Talents in Huanggang
Huanggang has outstanding people. Talents have emerged in large numbers throughout history, covering various fields such as politics, economy, military, science and technology, culture, and religion. There are countless famous scholars, scientists, and writers born here. There are the philosopher Xiong Shili who created the "New Consciousness Theory", the "modern great Confucian" Xu Fuguan, the "Father of Chinese Glaciers" Li Siguang, the famous poet, professor and democratic fighter Wen Yiduo, the literary theorist Hu Feng, the master of Chinese studies Huang Kan, the history Wang Baoxin, a scholar of literature and local chronicles, and Tang Yongtong, an academic master who connects China and Western India, etc.
1. The famous patriotic poet Qu Yuan
2. Wu Zixu
3. The famous counselors Pang Tong and Ma Liang of the Three Kingdoms
4. The famous generals of the Three Kingdoms Appointment
5. Tea Sage Lu Yu
6. Meng Haoran, a poet of the Tang Dynasty