Overall framework: introduction, discussion, connection, conclusion (raising problems-analyzing problems-solving problems)
Intermediate subject: discussion (analyzing problems), clarifying approval or objection reasons (benefits/harms); also talk about the opposite.
Ways of thinking (that is, "argument angles and methods"): cause and effect analysis, hypothesis analysis, result analysis, background analysis, dialectical thinking, comparative analysis, concession thinking;
Material composition : Use raw materials as the main focus to discuss matters, and you can use analogies before and after to connect similar famous quotes, celebrities, real events and phenomena in life.
Perspectives of argumentation and analysis: people and themselves, people and others, people and society (country), people and nature, people and traditional history, etc.
The specific content of the argument analysis (for reference):
1. Socialist core values. Prosperity, democracy, civilization, and harmony are the value goals at the national level; freedom, equality, justice, and the rule of law are the value orientations at the social level; patriotism, dedication, integrity, and friendliness are the value principles at the citizen level.
2. The concept of governing the country according to law (legal rules). Such as: random posting on the Internet; malicious use of public phones; failure to abide by laws and regulations when traveling; being unfilial and disrespectful to elders; playing pranks that lead to breaking the law; not being allowed to obey traffic rules; cheating on exams, participating in fraudulent activities, etc.
3. Chinese traditional culture. Loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom and trustworthiness, etc., emphasize people's moral cultivation, values ??or outlook on life.
4. Innovation ability. Topics can be developed through speculation on innovation and tradition, love for science, courage to explore, pursuit of truth, active practice, and attention to the relationship between science and society. Such as "dare to innovate", "be good at innovation", "innovation and tradition", "copycat and innovation", etc.
5. Human nature theme: it reflects the feelings or thoughts related to people’s mental activities or behaviors.
Such as: love, strength, persistence, pursuit, tolerance, tolerance, integrity, sincerity, kindness, friendliness, unity, nobility, help, freedom, plainness, beauty, simplicity, respect, greatness, profoundness, peace , reason, etc.
1. "Controversial" composition materials
For example: National Volume 1 "Daughter reported that her father made phone calls at high speed" (materials + controversial evaluation + tasks + requirements)
"Controversial type" composition material idea structure 1:
1. Step one: introduction - summarize the phenomenon (event), raise controversial points, express your judgment (agree or not or treat it dialectically, Such as "Fight when it's time to fight, and fight with appropriateness"), and determine your point of view.
2. The second step (main part): Negotiation (weighing the pros and cons, pros and cons, benefits, harms, etc. from different angles).
(1) Personal perspective:
Reasons - explanatory sentences - related famous quotes, celebrities, famous events, phenomenon analysis - analysis of raw materials (result analysis method + cause and effect analysis method)
(2) Others’ perspective:
Reasons - explanatory sentences - related famous quotes, celebrities, famous events, phenomenon analysis - analysis of raw materials (result analysis method + hypothesis analysis method)
(3) Perspectives such as nature, country, society (traditional culture, history, system, legal system or others): reasons - explanatory sentences - analysis of relevant famous quotes, celebrities, famous events, phenomena - analysis Raw materials (background analysis method + result analysis method)
3. Analytical thinking (weighing and comparing another point of view or opposition)
4. Propose measures, expectations, calls, etc.
"Controversial" composition material idea structure 2:
1. Talk about phenomena - the essence of opinions
2. Talk about harm (analytical perspective, paragraph structure, The argumentation thinking and method are the same as the "controversial" essay material idea structure 1):
Reason one (personal life) - essence
Reason two (social reality) - essence< /p>
Reason three (tradition, history, culture, system or other) - essence
3. Connect with reality and dig out the root cause (analyze the essence)
4. Propose Methods (the methods are proposed from the angle where the shortcomings or hazards are)
5. Make conclusions (expectations, calls)
2. "Preferred" composition materials
Tips: The composition materials give two or more different or even opposing objects, viewpoints, etc., allowing you to weigh, compare and make judgments and choices.
Idea structure 1: Refute first and then establish
1. Introduction - summarize the phenomenon (event), put forward the preferred sides, express your choice, and determine your point of view.
2. Refutation -
(1) Put forward a point of view to be "refuted" (the opposite of your choice), this is the driving task
(2) Concession and recognition of the other party's advantages - (the analysis angle, paragraph structure, argumentation thinking and method are the same as the main part of the "controversial" structure 1)
(3) Point out its irrationality (harm) - ( The analysis angle, paragraph structure, argumentation thinking and methods are the same as the main part of the "controversial" structure 1)
(4) Connect with reality and analyze the reasons - (the analysis angle, paragraph structure, argumentation thinking and methods are the same as those of the "controversial" structure 1) The main part of "Controversial" structure 1 is the same)
3. Li -
(1) Express your choice and clarify your views. This is the driving task
(2) Point out its advantages (benefits) (the analysis angle, paragraph structure, argumentation thinking and method are the same as the main part of the "controversial" structure 1)
4. Recall the materials and make a conclusion (expectations, calls to action) , looking forward to a better picture)
Thought structure 2 (material suitable for comparison and weighing of several different objects): starting, inheritance, transition and combination
1. Starting-selecting the task, expressing attitude, and starting full text.
2. Turn - turn to affirm the other two, accurately grasp the meaning of the question, and explain the reasons (result analysis).
3. Turn - turn again, return to the one that is definitely more elegant, explain the reasons (cause analysis, background analysis)
4. Continue (explain the reasons) (each paragraph The analysis angle, paragraph structure, argumentation thinking and method are the same as the main part of the "controversial" model 1)
Prove the most elegant reason 1 - analysis materials (comparative analysis, hypothetical analysis)
Prove the most attractive reason 2 - Analyze materials (example method, cause and effect analysis, result analysis)
Prove the most attractive reason 3...
5. Together - Restate the argument and conclude the article.
3. "Factual Phenomenon Type" Composition Material Idea Structure
Example of composition question: On November 9, 2015, Yunnan Network distributed a picture news: The grandson asked for a mobile phone, and the grandma carried it on his back Carrying a bamboo basket to pay for the child. The elderly grandma was bent over carrying the bamboo basket, looking very strenuous, but the young child had nothing in his hands and only led the way, not even trying to help her.
Analysis of the review question——(It is still a task composition! It looks the same as the previous narrative materials, but now it is absolutely impossible to find a topic, and then put aside the material to cite a lot of ancient and modern materials and explain it in a wild way To prove something, you must discuss the matter and expand appropriately):
1. Sort out the materials, find out the object or angle of evaluation, reveal the essence, and express your opinion (you can talk about "filial piety" from the perspective of a child, or you can Talking about "spoiling; correct education methods" from the perspective of grandma, etc.)
2. Evaluate and reason around the theme (must discuss the matter)
Thought structure: ideas for "controversial" composition materials Structures 1 and 2 are the same, because although the material does not have an opposite evaluation, it actually requires you to make a positive or negative judgment - we indicate whether you agree or not, reveal the essence (such as "filial piety" and "dote") to clarify the point of view, and then focus on the point of view Just discuss the reasons and clearly explain the pros and cons, so the idea structure is the same as the "controversial" composition material.
Although the writing methods of argumentative essays and task-driven compositions are different, the basic steps are to review the topic according to the type of material, establish the idea → determine the structure of the article → make a writing outline → write it. Usually, everyone can practice more.