Father J.J. Thomson (1856 ~ 194) won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 196
Son George Thomson (1892 ~ 1975) shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1937
J. He found that the charge-to-mass ratio of this particle is about 2 times that of the lightest atom discovered by Faraday, which first provided direct evidence of the existence of electrons. The discovery of electrons broke the concept that "atom is the smallest unit of material structure" and revealed the essence of electricity. At the same time, the electron is the first elementary particle discovered by human beings, and its discovery has made people take a big step forward in their understanding of the material world. Therefore, Thomson, who discovered the electron, was praised by later generations as "the first scientist to open the door to elementary particle physics". George Thomson shared the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physics with Dai Weixun for discovering the interference phenomenon of electrons in crystals.
As the only son of Sir J.J. Thomson, Britain's most beloved physicist, George received great attention as soon as he was born in Cambridge. After that, he went to Purcell Middle School and University there. Later, he studied physics with his father. Like his father, he also won the Nobel Prize and knighthood. He also served as the dean of Cambridge College, and both his father and son died at the age of 84.
in the process of J.J. Thomson's growth, his father played a very important role. From his own personal experience, the father deeply realized the pain of missing school and the importance of knowledge to life, so he made up his mind to make up for his lifelong regret on his son. The father had no conditions to go to school. I made a living by selling newspapers from street to street since I was a child. Later, when I grew up, I began to set up a bookstall in the street. After years of hard work, I gradually changed my embarrassing situation and became a famous bookseller. In order to make up for my regret, but also for my son to have a good future and future. Old Thomson has taught his son the importance of learning knowledge since he was a child. He has also tried to cultivate young Thomson's interest and habit in learning. Even more, I hired a tutor for my son to guide his study.
J.J. Thomson got a lot of inspiration from his father for the cultivation of his son George in the future. While strictly urging his son, he constantly put forward new requirements to prevent the child from becoming proud when he has made progress. If George feels tired of studying, he will accompany his son to play the piano, so that his son can relax and adjust, and then encourage his son to continue to study. It is under the serious help and supervision of his father that George received strict study and training since he was a child. He not only mastered the solid basic knowledge, but also developed a serious, hard-working attitude and a strong desire for knowledge. He never regarded learning as a hard burden, but a process of exercising his brain, from which he could get unlimited fun, all of which laid a solid foundation for George to achieve fruitful results later.
With his father's firm support, George gained good scientific literacy through good basic knowledge learning. Coupled with his innate intelligence, he showed outstanding talents at an early age. At the age of 14, he was admitted to the famous University of Manchester. At the age of 2, he was sent to Trinity College of Cambridge University for further study.
At the age of 3, George was appointed as a professor of natural philosophy at Aberdeen University. In 1927, he and A.Reid first observed the ring stripes produced when the electron beam passed through the thin metal foil in vacuum. Although their experiments were not done for this purpose, George discovered the interference phenomenon of electrons in the foil (what Dai Weixun and Gemma observed was the interference phenomenon of electrons reflected by nickel crystals), which provided evidence for De Broglie's theory of linking wave systems with moving particles.
In 1924, George married Buchanan, the daughter of the President of Aberdeen University, and they had two children and two women. In 193, George went to the University of London. Before that, there was a team in the university studying slow neutron reactions. Later, Thomson was appointed as the chairman of the Mond Committee to study the possible application of fission in war. He has always supported the plan of the United States to establish a world atomic energy authority, and he is also in favor of international cooperation as much as possible under appropriate control in order to develop atomic energy for peaceful purposes. He described President Truman's 1947 resolution on opening radioisotopes to other countries as "one of the greatest contributions made by the last generation to the progress of biology and medicine".
W. Thomson, that is, Kelvin (1824 ~ 197) was a famous British physicist, whose original name was William Thomson. He loved mathematics since he was a child, and when he was a child, he attended the mathematics class with his father at Glasgow University, showing his talent and intelligence. Later, he was admitted to Cambridge University and graduated in 1845. He won the Smith Medal for his outstanding achievements. In the second year, he returned to his alma mater, Glasgow University, and applied to be a professor at the school, where he taught for 53 years. He is a member of the Royal Society of London, a member of the French Academy of Sciences, and served as the president of the Royal Society for five years. Because of his achievements in science and engineering, he was made Lord Kelvin. He changed his name to Kelvin after he was sealed. Later, many of his scientific achievements and published papers were put forward and named after Kelvin.
Kelvin is an outstanding theoretical and experimental physicist. He has made great achievements in electromagnetism and heat. He derived the formula of electromagnetic oscillation frequency from the oscillation experiment of Leiden bottle. Many valuable electromagnetic measuring instruments, such as electrometer, mirror galvanometer and double-shoulder bridge, have been designed and manufactured, which provide conditions for scientific experiments of electromagnetism. For the needs of navigation. He improved the navigation compass and made a tidal predictor and a tidal analyzer.
Kelvin led the completion of submarine cable laying from Ireland to Newfoundland. This great project made him famous.
in thermodynamics, he founded the thermodynamic temperature, which has become the basic unit of temperature measurement in international units. He is also one of the founders of the second law of thermodynamics (the other is Clausius), and his statement that "it is impossible to take heat from a single heat source and make it completely useful without other effects" is considered as the standard statement of the second law of thermodynamics. He also made great achievements in thermoelectric effect. He cooperated with Joule to study the temperature change of gas after passing through porous plug and put forward Joule-Thomson effect, which became the theoretical basis for making liquid air in the future.
Kelvin has not only made many admirable achievements in science, but also has ideas, attitudes and methods of scientific research that are worth learning. He attaches great importance to practice and can combine theory with production and engineering, and integrate teaching, scientific research and production and construction. He respects other people's research results, is good at cooperating with others, and can make his students participate in his own scientific research; He is modest and cautious, not afraid of difficulties and failures in his progress, and always maintains an optimistic spirit of devoting himself to the cause of science. He also put forward many "failed" opinions and theories in his life, but he did not avoid his mistakes, but learned from them, so he also published many "famous sayings" that will be remembered by future scientific researchers. He has overcome many difficulties on the road of science. He himself thinks that "we all feel that we must pay attention to difficulties and cannot avoid them;" You should keep it in your heart and hope to solve it. In any case, there must be a solution to every difficulty, although we may not find it all our lives. " At the 5-year conference held for him in 1896, Kelvin once said: "The scientific progress I have been striving for in the past 55 years can be marked by the word' failure'. I don't know more about the forces of electricity and magnetism now than I did when I started as a professor 5 years ago, or about the relationship between ether, electricity and heavy objects, or about the nature of chemical affinity. There must be some sadness in failure; However, in the pursuit of science, the necessary efforts surrounded by itself have brought a lot of happy struggles, which has enabled the scientist to avoid depression, and may even make him quite "happy" in his daily work. This reflects a great scientist's optimism and broad mind about his career.
Joseph John (Thomson, Joseph John. 1856-194), a famous British physicist, is famous for his experiments on electrons and isotopes. He is the third director of Cavendish's real danger room. A portrait of him studying a cathode ray tube hangs in Maxwell's lecture hall in the laboratory. It seems that he is not good at specific operation, but his understanding of the working principle of the instrument is very agile. He discovered electrons and won the Nobel Prize in physics.