"Zhan Tianyou" This article describes the outstanding patriotic engineer Zhan Tianyou's deeds in presiding over the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. It shows that Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer who embodies the wisdom and strength of the Chinese people. . The following is the text analysis and answers of the sixth grade Chinese language "Zhan Tianyou" that I compiled for you. It is for reference only. Let's take a look.

Sixth grade Chinese text "Zhan Tianyou"

Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer in our country. The railway from Beijing to Zhangjiakou was first successfully built under his leadership. This is the first main railway line designed and constructed entirely by Chinese engineering and technical personnel. The railway from Beijing to Zhangjiakou is 200 kilometers long and is an important transportation artery connecting North China and Northwest China. At that time, as soon as the Qing government proposed the construction plan, some imperialist countries came out to obstruct it. They all wanted to compete for the right to build this railway and wanted to further control the northern part of our country. The imperialists refused to give in to anyone, and the matter went on for a long time without being resolved. They finally put forward a condition: If the Qing government uses its own engineers to build railways, they will no longer interfere. They thought that with such threats, the railway would not be able to start construction, and they would eventually have to ask for help. The imperialists were completely wrong. China already had its own engineers at that time, and Zhan Tianyou was one of them.

In 1905, the Qing government appointed Zhan Tianyou as chief engineer to build the railway from Beijing to Zhangjiakou. As soon as the news came out, the whole country was shocked. Everyone said that this time we could breathe a sigh of relief. The imperialists think this is a joke. A foreign newspaper said disdainfully: "There are no Chinese engineers who can build railways north of the south entrance yet." It turns out that from the south entrance to the north through Juyongguan and Badaling, there are high mountains, deep streams, and cliffs all the way. They believe that famous engineers from various countries would not dare to attempt such an arduous project. As for the Chinese, they would not be able to complete it no matter what.

Zhan Tianyou was not afraid of difficulties or ridicule. He resolutely accepted the task and immediately started surveying the line. Wherever mountains need to be opened, where bridges need to be built, where steep slopes need to be leveled, and where curvatures need to be reduced, all must be surveyed and carefully calculated. Zhan Tianyou often encouraged the staff, saying: "Our work must first be precise and not sloppy." He personally led the students and workers, carrying benchmarks and theodolite on his back, to fix points and survey on the cliff. Outside the fortress, the wind is often howling, the sky is full of yellow sand, and there is a danger of falling into a deep valley if you are not careful. No matter how bad the conditions were, Zhan Tianyou always insisted on working in the field. During the day, he climbed mountains and ridges to survey routes; at night, he drew and calculated under an oil lamp. In order to find a suitable route, he often consulted local farmers. When encountering difficulties, he always thinks: This is the first railway built by the Chinese themselves, and it must be repaired; otherwise, it will not only make those foreigners laugh, but also make Chinese engineers lose confidence.

The railway has to pass through many high mountains and has to dig tunnels. Among them, the Juyongguan and Badaling tunnels are the most difficult projects. Juyongguan has high mountains and thick rock formations, so Zhan Tianyou decided to dig in from both ends to the middle at the same time. The spring water from the top of the mountain seeped down, and the tunnel was filled with mud. There was no water pump on the construction site, so Zhan Tianyou took the lead with a bucket to drain the water. He often ate and lived with the workers and never left the construction site. The Badaling Tunnel is more than 1,100 meters long, three times as long as the Juyongguan Tunnel. He discussed with the old workers and decided to adopt the central well drilling method. First dig a vertical shaft from the top of the mountain, and then drill to both ends. Construction was also carried out on both ends of the outside at the same time, shortening the construction period by half.

The railway passes near Qinglong Bridge, and the slope is particularly steep. How can a train climb such a steep slope? Zhan Tianyou designed a "herringbone" line along the mountain. When the northbound train reaches the south entrance, it uses two locomotives, one pulling in front and one pushing in the back. After passing the Qinglong Bridge, the train headed northeast. After passing the fork in the "herringbone" line, it reversed. The locomotive that was originally pushing pulled, and the locomotive that was originally pulling pushed, causing the train to turn and move northwest. This makes it much easier to get the train up the mountain.

This railway was completed in less than four years, two years ahead of schedule. This incident gave a powerful counterattack to the imperialists who despised China. Today, we took the train to Badaling. When we passed Qinglongqiao Station, we could see a bronze statue, that is the statue of Zhan Tianyou.

New words to master

Shi (shī) work obstruction (náo) Juyong (yōng) Guan Difficulty (jiān) Ju

Yi (yì) Then shovel (chǎn) flatten bad (liè) provoke (rě)

Ridicule (jī) laugh at mud (jiāng) fork (chà) road

Word reading and writing:

It is difficult to obstruct the construction of Juyongguan

Resolutely eradicate the bad things that cause trouble

Laugh at the outstanding mud crossings

Obstruction, threats, sensation and contempt

Try to encourage Contempt of completion

High mountains, deep ravines, cliffs, and howling winds to climb mountains and ridges

Word understanding:

Obstruction: to prevent or secretly sabotage so that development or success cannot be achieved.

Control: To bring under one's possession, management or influence.

Blackmail: Taking advantage of the other party's weakness and forcing the other party to agree to one's demands.

Contempt: look down upon; look down upon.

Analysis

1. "Not yet born" shows that some foreigners do not believe that China has the ability to build this railway. What happened later gave them a resounding slap in the face. The word "contempt" vividly depicts the imperialist face of this newspaper that looks down on the Chinese.

2. When encountering difficulties, he always thinks: This is the first railway built by the Chinese, and it must be repaired; otherwise, it will not only make foreigners laugh, but also make Chinese engineers lose their jobs. confidence.

These thoughts of Zhan Tianyou show that he is an engineer with high patriotic enthusiasm. He knew very well that the project he undertook was the first railway built by the Chinese relying on their own technical strength. This was a road to success. If it is not repaired well, not only foreigners will laugh at us, but our engineers will also lose confidence; if it is repaired, it can not only fight back the contempt and ridicule of imperialism, but also improve our national self-confidence, so we must repair it.

3. Many foreign guests who visited China were amazed when they saw the great projects left by Zhan Tianyou.

This sentence shows that the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway built under the leadership of Zhan Tianyou is remarkable in the world, embodies the endless wisdom and strength of the Chinese people, and gives facts to the imperialists who despise China. A powerful counterattack, which also proves that Zhan Tianyou is indeed a great patriotic engineer.

4. Zhan Tianyou often encourages the staff: "Our work must first be precise and not a little sloppy. 'Probably', 'About', such statements should not come from the mouths of engineering staff." "

This sentence shows that Zhan Tianyou is meticulous in his work, extremely responsible, and has very strict requirements on his staff.

High mountains and deep streams: refers to mountains that are very high and the ditches between the mountains are very deep, describing the mountains’ dangerous terrain. Jian, a ditch with flowing water in the mountains.

Cliff: describes the steepness of the mountain. Cliff, high and steep cliff. Cliffs, steep cliffs.

Resolutely: resolutely; without hesitation.

Completion: The project is completed. Generally refers to larger-scale projects.

Zhan Tianyou's famous sayings

1. Although academically excellent but morally deficient, it is like building a high house on quicksand. If it shakes slightly, it will all fall down.

2. Bravery is not without tears, and it is not shed before the enemy. The man has a body of seven feet and is willing to donate to the motherland.

3. A mirror can be tempered to make the sun shine, and steel can be tempered to become stronger. In all academic fields, progress is endless, and if you become familiar with it, you will have inventions.

4. Things in the world are at their worst, but when it comes to their ultimate outcome, every failure is easy and success is difficult. If you are afraid of it because of its difficulty, it will be hard to achieve success.

5. Our country has a vast territory and rich resources, but we must rely on outsiders for work along the way, which is a shame.

6. Everyone learns what they have learned and uses their knowledge to make the country immune to foreign aggression and able to stand on its own on the earth.

7. Don’t compromise yourself and favor others, don’t trade your reputation for reputation.

8. As long as millions of working people unite as one and follow the outstanding figures of their own class, victory will be guaranteed.

9. Life has its length, and destiny has its ups and downs... Fortunately, my life can be turned into a railway track crawling on the land of China, which can be regarded as a great blessing in my rough life.

The story of railway expert Zhan Tianyou

Zhan Tianyou entered a private school when he was 8 years old. He was talented and curious, but here, all the teachers taught were the Four Books and the Five Classics. Eight-part essays are always outdated and decadent things such as "heaven and earth, king, teacher", which are boring and tasteless and restrict children's physical and mental development. Zhan Tianyou was completely fed up with this.

He was most interested in new knowledge such as engineering and machinery. He made trains out of mud and made machines. He always carries small gears, clockwork, screwdrivers, tweezers, etc., and plays with them whenever he has free time. His friends all call him a "machine addict".

One day, little Tianyou suddenly became interested in his alarm clock. He thought, why could this square thing keep ticking? Why does it ring on time? Why does it always go so evenly? The adults in the family were out for business, so Xiao Tianyou decided to open this treasure box and see the secrets inside. He took the alarm clock to a hidden place and disassembled the parts one by one. He also started thinking: What is this part used for? Why do this part and that part snap together? What force makes a part swing? Taking it apart, thinking about it, until the entire alarm clock can no longer be dismantled. How to assemble a lot of scattered parts as they are? With his good memory, Zhan Tianyou was able to install them one by one. He also figured out the structure and principle of the alarm clock.

In 1871, the Qing government sent Rong Hong, my country’s first graduate from Yale University in the United States, to organize preparatory classes for young children to study abroad. After hearing this, 11-year-old Zhan Tianyou begged his parents to let him take the exam.

Because his family was poor, his parents, who were worried about Zhan Tianyou's future, readily agreed when they heard it was official money. However, they were worried that Zhan Tianyou was too young and would not pass the exam. But Zhan Tianyou said with confidence: "I guarantee success immediately." "As soon as the test results were announced, Zhan Tianyou had excellent results and ranked among the best, and was admitted into the first batch of preparatory students to study abroad.

In 1872, the first batch of 30 overseas students embarked on a journey. Zhan Tianyou took a ship and a train for the first time. He was very fascinated by these foreign gadgets. Why can’t the Chinese make trains? , ship? He suddenly felt a sense of humiliation in his heart, and he made up his mind to study hard and use science to revitalize the motherland.

In the United States, in order to learn English well, Zhan Tianyou lived with an American citizen. The next year, he was admitted to Xihaiwen Elementary School. He graduated from elementary school in just three years and from middle school in two years. He was admitted to the Civil Engineering Department of Yale University, specializing in railway engineering. He vowed to let China have its own trains and ships. Here, his teenage interests were fully developed, and coupled with his hard work, his grades in various subjects were always among the best.

In 1881, Zhan Tianyou returned to the embrace of his motherland. From 1905 to 1909, he presided over the construction of my country's first self-built railway, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. During the construction process, Zhan Tianyou used "herringbone" lines according to local conditions, reduced the number of projects, and adopted the "shaft construction method" to excavate tunnels, shortening the construction period and writing a glorious chapter in the history of Chinese railways.