Don Juan, called Don Juan in Spanish and Don Juan in Italian, is loud and clear. who is it? If you ask this question to a westerner, he will tell the story of Don Juan's love affair in the Amazon just like a martial arts fan is talking about Wei Xiaobao today. Finally, I have to sigh in my heart: "Why am I born at a bad time?" The word don Juan is equivalent to China's "lothario" and is synonymous with lewd.
There must always be such a romantic figure in the legend of every country. China's novel books will probably be eclipsed without Ximen Qing. Not only is Jin Ping Mei not born, but I'm afraid the Dream of Red Mansions will change. If the prodigal Don Juan is absent from western literature and art, a large number of writers and musicians will be wiped out urgently. The most famous names on this list are Moliere, Byron, Pushkin, Baudelaire, Mozart, Richard Strauss and so on.
In different times, people have different views on the legend of Don Juan. Fuzzy images leave more room for imagination and creation.
At first, don Juan was said to be a dissolute aristocrat in Spain. He does nothing all day, and his thoughts revolve around women. Actually, it's also his fault. The early aristocrats didn't have to work or think. The money they spend will be delivered to them, and the food and wine they drink will be delivered to their mouths. When they are bored, they always use their brains. Don Juan famously said, "A man's loyalty to a woman is cruelty to other women." It seems that he has a point in defending himself.
In the hands of Moliere and da Ponte (1), the prodigal son did not come to a good end, and lived a decadent life all day, stubborn. Finally, he was ruthlessly beaten to eighteen levels of hell by two playwrights. Byron, the great poet, was full of sympathy for him. Not only gave him a chance to turn over, but also gave him gold on his face. In Byron's long poem Don Juan, he incarnates kindness and justice and spurns the decadent society in which he lives, which is intolerable to all around him. This romantic hobby not only didn't defile him, but became a beauty in Zhu Shazhi. When Pushkin arrived, the "sun of poetry" not only fell on the toe of Don Juan's boots written by Byron, but actually practiced Don Juan's romantic style. It is said that shortly after marriage, Pushkin confessed to his wife that she was her first lover and that there would be successors in the future. In order to list all kinds of sweet words to express love and show his talent as a screenwriter, Pushkin took pains to learn from Don Juan's story again and wrote The Stone Man, which was adapted into a script by composer Alexander Dargomyzhski. We don't know who is better than Daponte's Don Juan in Pushkin's The Stone Man, but at least Mozart made Daponte's plays known to the world, and it seems that they will continue to be sung. No matter how confident Pushkin is about his screenwriter, I'm afraid the play "The Stone Man" can only be found in the old paper in the music dictionary.
"I am a vulgar person, but my music is not." -Mozart
"There was a glorious moment in the history of music, when all the opponents reconciled and all the tensions were eliminated. That brilliant moment was Mozart. "
"In the works of art that give people peace, Mozart's Don Juan harmoniously blends the music of heaven with the roar of hell." -Bernard Shaw on Don Juan.
Mozart is respected in the history of classical music.
Milos Fohn confirmed this in the 1980s film Addis, a biography of Mozart that shocked the Oscar judges. Regardless of the stability of the Oscar judging level, at least this time, the judges found the greatest common denominator and reached an agreement, moving the honor to this cleverly constructed film. And Mozart seems to be popular again in an instant. Good movies certainly benefit from the harmless revision and reproduction of history, but what is more touching is Mozart's moving music. In this film, Don Juan appeared five times, each time touching, which is a turning point in the development of the film plot. The reason why directors and musicians do this should also be closely related to Don Juan itself.
So what is the story of Mozart's masterpiece Don Juan? This romantic villain naturally owes a romantic debt in the play. He seized every opportunity to kiss Fang Ze. How many women have had their hearts broken by him? We can hear from the lyrics of his entourage Lepore that one of his great hobbies is to write down every woman he has been close to. The recording paper is longer than the way he walked. He picked more than 1,800 flowers. But in a recent flower picking adventure, he got off to a bad start. In the middle of the night, I put on a mask, pretended to be Donna Anna's fiance, and touched her house. I don't want Donna Anna to find out and get kicked out. On the way to escape, he met Donna Anna's father, a security official who heard the news. Don Juan killed the old man in the fight. The next day, as if nothing had happened, he seduced Zelena, the bride who was about to get married. At the same time, he was entangled in Donna elvira, who abandoned his old lover. This time, he was in trouble, and his three enemies didn't let him go. Instead of frowning, he was able to do it with ease, simply cynically inviting the stone statue of the guard officer who was killed by him to dinner. Now he can bring death, and he will get what he deserves.
The scene where the stone statue appeared in front of Don Juan's house was the most shocking moment in the history of drama. The stone statue shouted his name: "Don Giovanni, Don Giovanni." The voice seemed to come from hell, taking away the devil and letting the light return to the world. So this comedy brings introspection that Mozart didn't have in his previous plays. After all, Mozart we are familiar with is always a little smirked.
Just like the marriage of Figaro and The Magic Flute, Don Juan once again shows the exemplary strength of Mozart's plays, with beautiful and elegant overture and rich band performance, which plays a dual role of symphonic and dramatic, and also helps the audience to prepare for the drama. The whole play can be regarded as the standard set by Mozart for later musicians-the perfect combination of reason. This is also the most prominent feature of Mozart's music creation. He is not serious and sacred, and he is not as passionate as Beethoven, but he is kind and lively, elegant and humorous, and relaxed.
This is of course related to his time. Mozart was born in 1860 and died in 1860. 18th century is a rational era. Philosophers and scientists challenge creed and authority, and painters keenly capture the impact of every change. But in music, the awakening of reason is not so fast, and Rococo style still occupies a considerable position. The word Rococo comes from French Rocaille and refers to decorative stone carvings or exquisite shell carvings in buildings. It was originally introduced by French architects to soften the overly grand and serious design in Baroque style. Mozart also admitted that he liked this architectural style in "Letters from Home", and this gorgeous, soft and emotional style also influenced his music creation. So we can find that Mozart's musical instruments are always abundant. They are sweet, as if angels were covered with soft light, bright and not dazzling. At the same time, the influence of the times on him is reflected in the bold reform of the defects of previous music. He inherited the simple dramatic artistic style of Christoph Willbold Gluck (1920- 1930), cleaned up the coloratura (gorgeous decorative sound to show off his vocal skills), and increased the weight of the band.
Besides, he simplified the lyrics of the play. At this point, he parted ways with our great writer Shakespeare. Mozart once wrote in a letter at home: "If the lines of ghosts in Hamlet were not so long, the effect would be much better." Of course, this is absolutely impossible for Shakespeare's plays, which will seriously shrink the characters in Hamlet, but it is undoubtedly correct from the perspective of drama. Because if the lyrics of the play are too slow, it will test the patience of the audience and the expressive force of the play will be greatly reduced. Take Don Juan as an example. The first leading actor, Don Juan, has no large-scale aria, but at most some sketches. These are all for the needs of the plot and the role. Mozart used these short and pithy lyrics to show such a negative force as Don Juan incisively and vividly, which can be described as cherishing ink as gold.
Mozart never shy away from using some musical instruments that sound a little dirty, as long as they meet the actual needs of the drama, and his greatness lies in the fact that these dirty jokes have not weakened the sacred power of his plays at all, and people still think that they are pure and beautiful. For example, in Don Juan's aria "Wine leads three tours", the tone of Bassoon is vulgar, but it just depicts Don Juan's excess energy and nowhere to vent. And all these have pushed Don Juan to a dramatic, high-ranking and depressing position, which is probably the intention.
It is true that Don Juan can be regarded as Mozart's most thoughtful play, but its appreciation experience is very pleasant. Mozart seems to be a director who is good at making warm films. His mood is just right. He is not emotional or cold, but he is too pink and too red. He is naughty and amiable, as if he were easy to talk to. Unlike Handel, Beethoven and Wagner, he is self-centered and regards others as inferior creatures. He has no bloody ugliness and no heavy persuasion. He brings us beauty in the traditional sense. In his music, we are naturally excited.
This is the enlightenment of classicism.
Finally, praise this great drama with a poem by China-everyone loves Don Juan.
The beauty of the north
Yannian Li
There are beautiful women in the north, unparalleled in the world.
Take care of the city first, then the country.
I would rather not know the beauty of the country than the beauty of the city.
(1) Daponte, playwright, Mozart's play A Woman's Heart (&; UOT COS ? Fantutte & UOT) and The Wedding of Figaro (&; The voice of uot Figaro & UOT is&; uot； Figaro's marriage. Uot) is also written by him.