Fellini Federico Fellini ((1920-1993), Federico Fellini, Italy)

Born on January 20, 1920 in the small town of Rimini, Italy. In his early years from 1936 to 1943, he was a cartoonist, actor, and national news reporter and editor. He liked writing and was good at drawing. He has written screenplays for many films (such as Rossellini's "Rome Undefended" and "Partizan"). She has worked as a movie star in many of the great films of the 20th century, such as "La Strada", "Nights of Cabiria", "La Dolce Vita", "Eight and a Half", "Romanesque", "Armacode", etc. His films have won numerous awards at various film festivals and five Oscars.

The films he directed include:

1950: "Acrobatic Light" (co-written and directed with Laduda, main actors: C. Delchio, G. Marcy Na, J. Kizmier, etc.). 1952: "The White Chief" (co-written with Binelli and Fariano, main actors: A. Solti, B. Bovo). 1953: "Love in the City" (an episode in the collection: "The Marriage Agency"), "The Lobster" (co-written with Binelli and Frajono ***, main actor: Solti, F ．Motrinchi, F. Fabrizio, etc.). 1954: "The Road" (Photography: C. Carlini, main actors: A. Quinn, R. Basehalter, G. Masina). 1955: "Liar" (co-written with Binelli and Frajono, main actors: B. Crawford, R. Basehalter, F. Fabrizio, G. Masina). 1957: "Nights of Cabiria" (co-written with Frajono and Binelli, photography: A. Tony, main actors: G. Marcina, F. Malz, F. Berryer, A．Nazari). 1960: "La Dolce Vita". 1963: "Eight and a Half" (starring: C. Cardinale, Mastroianni). 1965: "Juliet and the Genie" (main actor: G. Marcina). 1968: "The Madness Trilogy" (co-produced with two other directors). 1969: "The Myth of Love". 1970: "Jokers" (TV film). 1971: "Roman Style" (main actors: D. Gonzalez, M. Graham

Stanley Kubrick

Stanley Kubrick

(July 26, 1928 - March 7, 1999)

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction

Actor

○Born 1928 July March 26

Died March 7, 1999

○Spouse Toba Metz (1948-1951)

Ruth Sobotka (1954-1957)

Christiane Harlan (1958-1999)

○Awards: Academy Award for Best Visual Effects (1968 "2001: A Space Odyssey")

British Academy Film Award for Best Visual Effects Best Director (1975 "Barry Lyndon")

He is a famous American film director after completing his last work "Eyes Wide Shut", starring Tom Cruise ( Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman) died four days later. "A Clockwork Orange", "The Shining", etc. are all classics in film history. He is also a versatile person. In addition to directing, he often also performs film editing, photography, sound effects and other tasks.

Edit this paragraph] Creation Chronology

On July 26, 1928, Stanley Kubrick was born in the Bronx, New York City, USA. His ancestors were Jewish immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his father was a physician.

In 1941, when Kubrick was 13 years old, his father gave him a camera, and he became interested in photography.

In 1946, he joined "Prospect" magazine as a photojournalist, which gave him the opportunity to travel all over the United States. Kubrick did an outstanding job. But was later fired.

In 1950, with his personal savings of US$3,800, he wrote, directed and photographed a short documentary "Days of the Fight", which recorded the boxer Walter Carty. After participating in the competition, it was sold to RKO Pictures for $4,000. In the same year, he quit his job at Prospect magazine, attended Columbia University, devoted himself to the study of literary works, and carefully watched classic films at the Museum of Modern Art, striving to improve his film artistic quality.

In 1951, the 9-minute documentary "Flying Padre" was shot. He also served as director, photographer, editor and narration. After completion, it was still sold to RKO.

1953 "Fear and Desire" was Kubrick's first feature film. To make this film, he raised US$40,000 (part of which was borrowed from good friends) and personally served as producer, screenwriter and director. The film was completed in 1954 and won praise from critics. However, because Kubrick believed that the film was just an internship, it was not released publicly for 40 years after completion and was only screened privately. As a result, he tried to make copies of the film many times. destroy. The documentary "Seafarers" was also filmed in the same year.

1955 "Killer\'s Kiss" is a suspense crime film shot on the streets of New York, creating an almost documentary-style realism. This film was also invested and produced by Kubrick himself, as well as being his own writer and director. "Fear and Desire" and "Kiss of a Murderer" were two of his early experimental films, which borrowed expression techniques from abstract painting and surrealist literature, laying the foundation for his film style.

In 1956, "The Killing" was invested by the Harris-Kubrick Production Company co-founded by Kubrick and the young and wealthy independent producer James Harris*** Kubrick's first major feature film, which he produced, wrote and directed, was completed and released by United Artists. Kubrick's experience directing two of his earlier films was successfully used in the creation of this film. Like "Kiss", "The Killing" is a crime suspense film that makes excellent use of flash cuts. A racetrack robbery is shown from the perspectives of several different characters. The film was praised by critics, and Kubrick was considered "a promising young film director".

1957 "Paths of Glory" was Kubrick's famous work, establishing his status as a new generation of film directors after the end of World War II. This film is adapted from the novel by Ole Cobourg. It describes an accident that happened in the French army during World War I: three soldiers were forced to accept an impossible task imposed on them by their commander. Completed military mission, eventually executed, became the scapegoat for stupid and corrupt officers. But at the end, the captured girls in Germany awakened the consciences of these people. This film gave Kubrick his first opportunity to direct famous actors such as Kirk Douglas and Adolph Meyer. Kubrick proved that he was up to the challenge, and he made each actor exceptionally full. Describe the character's character. Shot in Germany, the film stands out for its sincerity, power and stylistic originality.

(B&W, 87 minutes, starring Kirk Douglas as Colonel Dax and Ralph Meeker as Captain).

Anthony Mann, the original director of "Spartacus" (also translated as "The Gathering of Heroes") in 1960, was dismissed shortly after the filming of the film began, and Kubrick was replaced by Kirk. .Douglas was invited to take over the directorship of the film. The film, starring Kirk Douglas and Laurence Olivier, was fraught with difficulties from the start (Douglas also served as producer). Although Kubrick accepted the task, he did not have full control over the production process. He also had no right to edit the film according to his own intentions and was very dissatisfied with the finished film. Although the film won four Academy Awards in the 23rd Academy Awards in 1960: Best Supporting Actor, Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, and Best Costume Design, as well as the Golden Globe Award for Best Feature Film in the same year. Award, but Kubrick never acknowledged the film as his work. Due to many restrictions during the filming of this film, Kubrick realized that he would never give up his position as producer when making future films. (Co-produced by United International Pictures of the United States and Rank Films of the United Kingdom, color widescreen, 139 minutes, screenwriter: Dalton Metty, starring: Kirk Douglas as Spartacus, Laurence Olivier as Clara Sue).

In 1961, Kubrick immigrated to the United Kingdom and lived in Balham Forest, London. He never returned to the United States after 1968, but still retained his American citizenship (another theory is that he immigrated in 1974 U.K). Part of the reason Kubrick left the United States was related to the creative restrictions Hollywood placed on directors. After moving to England, Kubrick lived in seclusion and his private life was completely closed to the outside world. People only know that he likes playing chess, taking photos and watching movies, and is particularly afraid of traveling by plane. Although he has a 150-hour flight record and an airplane pilot's license, he never drives faster than 30 kilometers when going out. Kubrick's marital status is as follows: He married Toba Metz in 1947 and divorced in 1952; he married dancer Ruth Sobotka in the same year and had a daughter; he divorced Sobotka in 1958 and later married actress Christina Harlan is married and has two daughters.

In 1962, "Lolita" was adapted from Vladimir Nabokov's novel. Kubrick himself served as screenwriter, just like filming "Spartacus" At that time, Kubrick failed to realize his desire to fully control the creation of the film, and as a result, the artistic quality of the film was seriously damaged. Since the dominant moral climate of the mid-1960s could not tolerate the erotic content of the novel, Kubrick had to adapt the work in a completely different way than today, and he was deeply dissatisfied with the work. (Black and white, 153 minutes, starring: James Mason as Humbert Humbert, Sue Laing as Lolita Husker).

The 1963 "Dr. Strangelove or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb" is a nightmare about an atomic disaster adapted from Peter George's novel "Emergency Alert" The comedy (the full title of the film is "Dr. Strangelove or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Bombs") describes a devastating disaster caused by the fundamental flaws of human society and the technological power that creates terror for mankind. and a ruthless mockery of possibility. The film earned him two Academy Award nominations for Best Director and Screenwriter (co-author), three awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 1964 for Best Picture, Best British Film, and the United Nations Award, as well as the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director. This film, together with the later films "2001: Out of Space" and "A Clockwork Orange", are known as Kubrick's "Future Trilogy". These three films are the last to bring Kubrick great honors. important works.

(Produced by Hawke Films Ltd., UK, black and white film, 93 minutes, screenwriter: Stanley Kubrick, Peter George, Trey Southern, starring: Peter Sellers (playing Dr. Strangelove/President of the United States) /Mandrik>, George Scott (as General Buck Tejdessan/Soviet Prime Minister)

1968 "2001: A Space Odyssey" (2001: A Space Odyssey) Based on Arthur .Adapted from Clark's short story "The Sentinel", it is called a "myth documentary" and provides a poetic prophecy and exploration of mankind's wanderings in the vast universe. At the same time, it is able to develop science and technology but is unable to do anything about its own instincts and nature. This beautifully crafted and majestic science fiction film has had a very important impact on contemporary science fiction films and has won numerous expert awards. Together with "Battleship Potemkin", it is considered one of the top ten classics in the history of cinema. It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards including Best Art Director, Best Director, and Best Screenplay, and won the Best Visual Effects Award. 1968 British Film Academy Award for Best Cinematography, Best Sound, and Best Art Design (Co-produced by Warner Films of the United States and Hawke Films of the United Kingdom, color widescreen, 160 minutes, 141 minutes when re-released in 1972, screenwriter: Stanley Kubrick, Arthur C. Clarke, starring: Keir Dooley as David Bowman, Gary Lockwood as Frank Poole)

1972 "A Clockwork Orange" (A Clockwork Orange) is adapted from the novel of the same name by Anthony Burgess. It is the first science fiction film about the human spiritual realm in the history of science fiction films. Through the protagonist's transformation from an evil-doing thug to an idiot and becoming a victim of social morality, It violently attacked and ruthlessly mocked social morality, vividly previewing the end-of-the-century human society characterized by rampant violence, rampant drugs, and collapse culture. The film aroused widespread controversy and won the Oscar for Best Cinematography and Best Director. , 4 nominations for Best Screenplay and Best Editing, and won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film and Best Director (produced by British Polaris Film Company, color, 136 minutes, screenwriter: Stanley Kubrick, starring: Marr. Colm McDowell as Alex, Patrick Magee as Alexander)

The 1975 "Barry Lyndon" (Barry Lyndon, also translated as "Children of Troubled Times") is based on the British 19th century The epic film adapted from the novel "The Memory of Barry Lyndon" by the famous writer William Makepeace Thackeray tells the story of the ups and downs of a young Irishman in the 18th century. The director designed the shots like a painting, perfectly recreating the story. The customs and customs of Ireland in the 18th century and the narrative style of the original work were nominated for 6 awards at the 48th Academy Awards in 1975, including Best Picture and Adaptation of Screenplay, and finally won 4 awards for Best Cinematography, Best Art Design, Best Costume, and Best Music. , and won the 1975 British Film Institute Best Director and Best Cinematography Awards. (Produced by Hawke/Peregrine Films in the UK, color, 187 minutes, screenwriter: Stanley Kubrick, main actors: Ryan O'Neal as Barry Lyndon, Marissa Berenson as Mrs. Lyndon, Patrick Magee as the Balibari Knight, Hardy Krueger as Captain Pottsdorf)

1980's "The Shining" (Shining, also translated as "The Illusion" or "The Light") It took three years to shoot and cost 20 million yuan. It is a unique horror film adapted from the novel of the same name by American horror novelist Stephen King. It depicts a writer who cannot endure the pain of being isolated from the outside world for a long time. In a state of insanity, he chased his wife and son crazily, and finally froze to death in the hotel. Film critics believe that this film is an "original work" among horror films that "goes beyond the conventions of ghost films and explores the depths of the human soul and the crises of humanity and family." Kubrick used his own unique film language to create an eerie atmosphere for the film, fully expressing the horror themes of "things are crazy and people are crazy" and "the devil is born from the heart".

Due to Kubrick's bad relationship with critics, the film did not arouse the response it deserved from critics. (Produced by the British Monk Film Company, screenwriter: Stanley Kubrick, starring: Jack Nicholson as Jack Torrance, Danny Lloyd as Danny Torrance, Scantman (played as Dick Harroun)

The 1987 "Full Metal Jacket" (Full Metal Jacket, Hong Kong translation of "Blood Burning City") is based on Gustav Hasford's novel "Short Service" 》adaptation, Warner Company organized a special team for him to be responsible for publicity matters around the world. The film uses a fully documentary approach to describe the process of recruits joining the army and being trained to go to the battlefield in Vietnam. This is another anti-war film made by Kubrick after "Path of Glory" and is known as "the best Vietnam War film ever." Movie". After the film was released, it aroused strong reactions from audiences and lukewarm reactions from critics. The film was rated as one of the top ten foreign language films at the 8th Hong Kong Film Awards in 1989. At the 1988 Academy Awards, it did not win any awards except for a nomination for Best Adaptation of an Original Work. (Produced by Warner Pictures, USA, screenwriter: Stanley Kubrick, starring: Matthew Modine as "Nothing", Vincent D'Onofrio as "Fool Pyle", Arliss Howard as "Cowboy", Lee Eun-mi as Hartman)

The filming of "Eyes Wide Shut" began in the fall of 1997. Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman, the golden couple in the film industry, continue their roles in life in this film, and they also play a couple. Her husband, William, is a physician, and his wife, Alice, is a gallery manager. They are active in the upper-class social circle with their successful career and wealthy family. However, they are tired of the decadent and peaceful spiritual life; therefore, they are eager to find excitement. At a party, William accidentally saved a woman from a drug overdose and fell into sexual temptation. At the same time, Alice was also captured by a handsome gentleman. In their impulse and escape, they lost the courage to face their lives. When all the games are over, they realize what is most worth cherishing. "Close Your Eyes" was originally scheduled to be released on Christmas Day 1998, but was later postponed to early 1999. (Produced by Warner Bros. Pictures, USA, color, screenwriter: Stanley Kubrick, etc., starring: Tom Cruise, Nicole Kidman, Kenifer Jason Ley, Sidney Bowen Lark)

Kubrick died in the UK on March 7, 1999, at the age of 71.

Godard Godard (1930～)

Godard, Jean-Luc

French film director. One of the representatives of New Wave cinema. Originally from Switzerland. Born in Paris on December 3, 1930. He was originally a film critic for Cahiers du Cinéma and Art magazine, and later formed the Cahiers Cahiers faction with F. Truffaut, C. Chabrol and others. In 1960, he completed his first feature film "Breathless", which became a masterpiece of the New Wave. Since then, he has directed "A Woman is a Woman", "As You Like It", "Carbine", "Contempt", "Crazy Biello", "Male-Female" and "La Chinoise". The films of this period were anti-traditional in both content and form, causing fierce debate in the Western film community. After 1968, influenced by the ultra-left trend of thought, he organized a combat film group and shot more abstract and formalist films such as "East Wind", "Truth", and "Until Victory". After the 1980s, he began to shoot feature films again. In 1983, the director's "Carmen" won the Golden Lion Award at the Venice International Film Festival that year.

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Godard was born in Paris on December 3, 1930.

He spent his teenage years on the shores of Lake Leman on the border between France and Switzerland. After entering his youth, he quickly became immersed in the world of movies. He spent all his time with Truffaut, Romell and others at "Henri Langlois-France" in Paris. Accept the baptism of various films at the National Film Archive. Soon after, he published film review articles in magazines such as "Cahiers du Cinema" and imitated Hitchcock and other seniors. While writing, he produced his own short films to gain experience in shooting formal feature-length works. In 1960, Godard published his first feature-length film "A BOUT DE SOUFFLE", which caused an uproar in the world of film circles. His shooting techniques that completely ignored traditional film theory brought mixed reviews. . After marrying Anna Karina, masterpieces of "New Wave" films starring her came out one after another. Godard became one of the most high-profile directors in the world.

Godard has a famous saying - Cinema is reality at 24 frames per second.

After Godard filmed the political film "LA CHINOISE/The Chinese Girl" in 1967, he soon broke up with Anna Karina and married the film's heroine Weasemsky Get married. A series of turbulences such as Langlois's dismissal in 1968, the cancellation of the Cannes Film Festival, and the May Storm caused Godard to turn to the discussion and research of artistic works that reflect current politics. He organized the "Kika Vertov Group", which specialized in producing films with revolutionary themes. In 1973, Godard left Paris and worked with Marie Mieville to create "Sound Image" in Grenoble, immersing himself in the fresh experience of the video age.

After the release of Godard's "SAUVE QUI PEUT (LA VIE)/Escape (Life)" in 1979, there was a controversy that "Godard's films have become commercialized", but he did not Ignoring everything, I came to Switzerland alone and started a new adventure again. He uses handheld cameras and movie cameras to shoot alternately or simultaneously, trying to show a new audio-visual world. Today, after entering the new century, Godard makes another appearance. This time, he brought us a spectacular and ambitious work, a work that showed the world his more than ten years of arrangement process and the century-old history of this special art form of film. This is "HISTOIRE (S) DU CINEMA" - "History of Cinema".

List of Godard’s film works (1954-1969)

1954 OPERATION BETON (short story)

1955 UNE FEMME COQUETTE (short story) /p>

1957 (Charlotte and Veronica) All Men Are Called Patrick (Short Story) CHARLOTTE ET VERONIQUE OU TOUS LES GARCONS S'APPELLENT PATRICK

1958 Charlotte and Her Lover (short story) CHARLOTTE ET SON JULES

1958 The Story of Water (short story) UNE HISTOIRE D'EAU

1959 A BOUT DE SOUFFLE

1962 VIVRE SA VIE

1962 LE NOUVEAU MONDE (Episode de OPAG) 1962 LES CARABINIERS

1963 LE GRAND ESCROC

1963 LE MEPRIS

1964 BANDE A PART

1964 UNE FEMME MARIEE

1965 ALPHAVILLE OU UNE ETRANGE AVENTURE DE LEMMY CAUTION

1965 Montparnasse-Livaros (" 1 article of "Paris Seen") MONTPARNASSE - LEVALLOIS (PARIS VU PAR…)

1965 Crazy Pierrot PIERROT LE FOU

1966 Male, Female MASCULIN FEMININ

1966 MADE IN USA

1966 Two or three things I know about her DEUX OU TROIS CHOSES QUE JE SAIS D'ELLE

1966 Ahead of time or 2000 ANTICIPATION OU L'AMOUR EN L'AN 2000 (Episode du film LE PLUS VIEUX METIER DU MONDE)

1967 The Eyes of the Camera ("Stay Away") "Vietnam") CAMERA-OEIL (Episode de LOIN DU VIETNAM)

1967 Chinese girl LA CHINOISE

1967 The return of the E-key interlude of a gifted child (Love/ Love and Anger) (1 of "Revenge or Love in E/70") L'ALLER ET RETOUR ANDANTE

E RITORNO DES ENFANTS PRODIGUES DEI FIGLI PRODIGHI ou AMORE (Episode de AMORE E RABBIA ouVANGELO/70)

1967 Weekend WEEK-END

1968 Happy Knowledge LE GAI SAVOIR

1968 ONE PLUS ONE

1968 UN FILM COMME LES AUTRES

1968 ONE AMERICAN MOVIE (ONE A.M.)

1969 BRITISH SOUNDS

1969 PRAVDA

1969 VENT D'EST

1969 LUTTE EN ITALIE

List of Godard’s film works (1970-1989)

1970 VLADIMIR ET ROSA

1972 ALL THE GOOD THINGS TOUT VA BIEN

1972 LETTER TO JANE

1974 Here and Elsewhere ICI ET AILLEURS

1975 NUMERO DEUX No. 2

1975 How about it? COMMENT CA VA?

1976 6×2 SIX FOIS DEUX (Sur et sous la communication)

1978 FRANCE TOUR DETOUR DEUX ENFANTS

1980 SAUVE QUI PEUT (LA VIE)

1979 SCENARIO DE SAUVE QUI PEUT (LA VIE) 1979 SCENARIO DE SAUVE QUI PEUT (LA VIE) 1981 Written to Francis LETTRE A FREDDY BUACHE

1981 PASSION

1982 SCENARIO DU FILM PASSION

1982 CHANGER D'IMAGE (Episode de CHANGEMENT A PLUS D'UN TITRE)

1983 PRENOM CARMEN

1983 Xiang Ma JE VOUS SALUE MARIE

1983 PETITES NOTES A PROPOS DU FILM JE VOUS SALUE MARIE

1984

- 85 DETECTIVE

1985 SOFT AND HARD (A soft conversation between two friends on a hard subject)