Brief introduction to history:
Zhu Gui, a native of Xiaoshan, Zhejiang (1731-kloc-0/806), is a native of Daxing, Shuntian (Beijing). He is a young man with a good reputation. 17 years old, selected after the provincial examination, and promoted to scholar the following year. After that, I started my career and became a local official first. Ganlong entered imperial academy in seventeen years, and was edited by imperial academy in twenty-three years (1758) and was promoted to assistant lecturer. Later, he was appointed as the Emperor's Japanese official, and Qianlong was awarded a bachelor's degree in auxiliary studies for forty years. He became the teacher of later Emperor Jiaqing. He has served in foreign countries successively, including Fujian Grain and Mail Road (the first four products), Fujian Provincial Judge (the first three products), Hubei Governor, Shanxi Buzheng Ambassador (the second product), Fujian, Zhejiang, Shanxi, Assistant Minister of Ritual, Governor of Anhui, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, Minister of War, Minister of Civil Affairs, and Minister of Official Affairs. After ten years of Jiaqing, Zhu Gui was promoted to the University of Tijen Hall. In the eleventh year of Jiaqing, Zhu Gui died of illness, and Jiaqing went to pay homage to him, giving him a "teacher", a special "Zheng Wen" and a gold funeral.
The evaluation of Zhu Gui in Kangxi Dictionary is as follows: "Qianlong Jinshi, the official to the college student in the cabinet ... is omniscient in the classics, and the official is generally ... Qing. It is bright, and it is appreciated at home. "
Zhu Gui is clean and spotless. During his term of office, the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi donated 22,000 yuan in salary and private money for repairing and cracking down on pirate ships. In Shanxi, when he was appointed as Beijing's special envoy, he didn't even have 200 taels of money to travel. He borrowed it from his friend Wu, the county magistrate, who wanted to give it to others. Zhu Gui insisted on writing an iou and paid back the money afterwards, which became a much-told story. Zhu Gui is knowledgeable, especially China's ancient poems. Qianlong appreciates Zhu Gui's character and talent and often associates with Zhu Gui. He once said that "Zhu Gui is not only good at writing, but also good in quality". So after forty years in Qianlong (1775), he was transferred back to Beijing, awarded a bachelor's degree as an assistant lecturer in the Academy of Hanlin, and ordered to go to the study room to be a full-time teacher of Yan Yong, the fifteenth son of the emperor. At this time, Yan Yong has been secretly made a prince, which shows that Qianlong trusts and appreciates Zhu Gui.
After Zhu Gui started his career, while teaching Yan Yong to recite poems and compose poems, he also expounded the way of governing the country by being benevolent, loving the people and taking the people as the foundation from the Four Books and Five Classics. In particular, the emperors' strategy of governing the country, the skills of emperors and generals, the way to appease the people, the gains and losses of success and failure, were clearly stated and thoroughly analyzed. It is emphasized that only by being self-righteous and self-righteous can a king distinguish between good and evil. He repeatedly stressed to Yan Yong that honesty and fraud should be strictly distinguished in cultivation, and benevolence and power should be carefully distinguished when judging people. For the monarch, the first thing to do is to be thrifty and to reward honest officials. Thieves are naturally unfair and financially poor.
Zhu Gui conquered Yan Yong with integrity and wisdom, and teachers and students often discussed the way of governing the country to protect the country and enrich the people. Yan Yong and Zhu Gui studied together in the study room for more than four years, as if he had been a "graduate student", which was the best time in his life. Teachers and students live together day and night, feeling like father and son. After Zhu Gui became an official in other places, Jiaqing Emperor sent him as many as 139 letters! This shows the profound feelings between teachers and students.
Zhu Gui is honest and upright, and does not cling to powerful people. He was terrified by the big traitor and Kun, and challenged him everywhere. Although Zhu Gui was the master of Prince Yan Yong, he was released as an official by Xiao Shenyang for various reasons to prevent him from assisting the prince. Suffering from the popularity of Qianlong and Kun, Zhu Gui had to hide his strength in front of him and place his hopes on his student, the later Jiaqing Emperor.
Sixty years after Qianlong (1795), Emperor Qianlong abdicated and Yan Yong ascended the throne as Emperor Jiaqing. Ganlong claimed to be "the emperor's father", and the highest decision-making power on military and personnel administration was still firmly in his own hands. Jiaqing has always held a grudge against the autocratic corruption in small Shenyang, but because of his father's favor, he can't deal with it. After Jiaqing ascended the throne, he had several contests with Xiao Shenyang, but all ended in failure. He finally realized that his king of a country is still an ornament, and as long as the emperor's father is still alive, the monopoly of small Shenyang will last for one day. What should Jiaqing think hard about? He remembered teacher Zhu Gui's heartfelt words in his congratulatory letter on his accession to the throne: "Although he is in a big position, he is cautious in everything, and his government affairs are not excessive, so as to push himself and others, strengthen his self-cultivation, learn from the lessons of the prince in the period of Saint Zu, and serve the emperor's father carefully." Therefore, Jiaqing is still clever in the face of small Shenyang, being modest and courteous, self-restrained and self-defeating. Xiao Shenyang thinks Jiaqing is really weak, and the emperor's father is becoming more and more autocratic.
On the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing (1February 7, 799), Ganlong died of illness. Jiaqing first ordered Zhu Gui, then governor of Anhui Province, to rush to Beijing. On the other hand, he used Liu Yong, Dong Hao and other loyal ministers. On the second day of Qianlong's death, Emperor Jiaqing, who had been deaf and dumb for several years, finally got angry and issued an imperial edict to let Manchu officials expose the crimes of Xiao Shenyang. On the fifth day, Emperor Jiaqing put Xiao Shenyang and others in prison, confiscated all his property, and announced 20 charges against Xiao Shenyang, giving him suicide. ?
When Zhu Gui arrived in Beijing, Emperor Jiaqing went to meet him outside the city, thinking that he was taught by his master, and he could secure the throne by keeping a low profile and eradicating small Shenyang. His gratitude is beyond words. He took Zhu Gui's hand and burst into tears. This feeling is rare among emperors of past dynasties.
In the tenth year of Jiaqing, Zhu Gui was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Tijen Pavilion, managed the Ministry of Industry and became a first-class minister. In the 11th year of Jiaqing (1806), Zhu Gui was 76 years old and asked to retire, but he could not make it because Jiaqing kept him. One day, Zhu Gui was called to the Qing Palace, feeling dizzy. The emperor immediately ordered him to go home and died a few days later. Jiaqing went to pay homage and saw that Zhu Gui's bedroom had only old quilts and mattresses, and his family was surrounded by walls. The situation is similar to that of a poor scholar, so I can't help crying. Then, he awarded a special title "Zheng Wen" to a "teacher". In 268 of the Qing Dynasty, there were only eight ministers in the Eleventh Dynasty, and Zhu Gui was the third. Posthumous title, a civil servant given by the Qing emperor, has the highest "integrity", followed by "loyalty" and "respect". Cao Zhenyong, Zeng Guofan and others were named "Zheng Wen" by Han officials.
On the mourning day, Jiaqing sent Lin Yong, the king of the county, to attend the funeral. Later, Emperor Jiaqing visited Zhu Gui's tomb twice on his way back to Xiling to pay homage. Emperor Jiaqing praised Zhu Gui for "staying alone all his life and not being greedy for money". As a generation of honest officials in Qianlong and Jiaqing periods, Zhu Gui devoted himself to serving the country and forgetting myself. "Qing. There is Hanukkah and I am admired at home. " He is an official and a model for generations!