Explanation of the Poetry of Zhang Huaiguan's "On Characters" 1 General Essay on Characters?

Poem with the title:

Writings are born from emotion, words are born from words. The so-called words, in general For speech,

writing is used to record words; it is divided into meanings and expresses feelings. The writer is the grandfather,

the characters are the descendants. Observe its physical shape and get its literary principles, which is called Said Wen;

Mother and child are born together, they have many breasts, their shapes and sounds are harmonious, so they are called words.

The inscription is on bamboo and silk, and the title is called book. The word is related to the book, and the reason is also To unite,

To the ultimate emotion, to the ultimate emotion, to the Tao, words are used to convey feelings, and books are used to clarify the Tao.

Because words are used, because words are books, expressions convey meaning, and relationships are expressed. It must be formed.

As the famous saying goes, there is no such thing as the ultimate emotion. The emotion connects all things and dominates all things.

There is nothing secluded and far away. The most profound emotion is the most profound. From writing to simplicity,

The simplicity of things should be broad, the broad to the broad, the broad to the far, the far to the secluded,

The secluded to the open. The scope of the universe is divided into Sichuan and Yuan, high and low. Residence,

The fertile land can be colonized, and the eight wastelands can be settled. The rules and regulations of human relations show the political system.

The dignity of the king and father, love and respect, and the orderly queues of seniors and juniors.

The journey of the great road, to the most literary and righteous, the most righteous to the public, the most public and the clear,

The heart is born with words, and the words are civilized. It is explained by the five classics and described by the three tombs. ,

To achieve great success in a country, it is better to rely on books than to build on writings. Those who are able to follow will add mysteries, calligraphy and Taoism, and all the sages in the world are precious. Zhang Huaiguan (guàn) , a calligraphy and painting theorist of the Tang Dynasty in China, active in the Kaiyuan Dynasty, a native of Hailing (now Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province). He once served as Sima of Ezhou, and was enshrined in the Hanlin Academy in Kaiyuan Dynasty. Gong Shu, good at Zhen, Xing, Xiaozhuan and Bafen. He is the author of one volume of "Shu Yi", which evaluates the four styles of Zhen, Xing, Zhang and Cao as well as the rankings of each style, and also discusses the practices of various calligraphy styles; one volume of "Shu Appraisal", which evaluates the value of calligraphy; "Broken" 3 volumes. In addition, he also wrote "On Characters", "On Six Types of Calligraphy", "On Ten Methods of Using the Brush", "Yutang Forbidden Scripture", "Essay on Pingshu Medicine and Stone", etc., all of which are theoretical works on calligraphy. He also wrote "Painting", a commentary on painting, which has been lost.

Text:

The theory says: Writing is the general form of words. If it is divided into meanings, then the writing is the grandfather and the writing is the descendant. Observing its physical shape, we can obtain its literary principles, so we call it "literary". Mother and child are born together, and they produce many breasts, so they are named "Zi". If it is inscribed on bamboo and silk, it is called "book". Those who are literary, their ways are brilliant. The sun, moon, stars, and chen are the symbols of heaven; the five mountains and the four mountains are the symbols of the earth; the city gates and court rituals are the symbols of human beings. Words and books are also unified. Because writing is for use, it is formed by mutual support. As the famous saying goes, all the nothings dominate the group of beings. Why is it so secluded and so remote? It can be said that things are simple and comprehensive. The scope of the universe is divided into Sichuan and Plains. The high and low can be inhabited, and the fertile and barren soil can be colonized. This is the basis of the Eight Wastelands. Discipline and human ethics reveal the political system. 1. The king and father are dignified, and love and respect them with all courtesy; the classes of seniors and children are in an orderly manner, and they move along the great road. To explain the great things of "Dian" and "Feng", to become a prosperous person in the country, there is nothing better than books. Later, those who were able added it with mystery, so the way of calligraphy and calligraphy was born. All the wise men in this world are precious.

Vernacular translation:

The theory says: Writing is the sum of words. If divided into principles, writing is the ancestor and words are the descendants. Look at the shape of the thing. It has its literary and scientific qualities, so it is said to be literary. Mother and son are born together. The derivation gradually increased, so it was named Zongzi. When the inscription is written on bamboo slips and cloth, it is regarded as calligraphy. Text. The idea is to glow.

The sun, moon and stars are the arts and sciences of heaven; the five mountains and four mountains are the arts and sciences of the earth; the etiquette of the palace and the court are the arts and sciences of man. Words and writing, the principles are also consistent. Characters are used by people because of their writing, and it is possible only with the cooperation of writing. People call many abstract intangibles, and control the broad and concrete tangibles. What kind of subtle and incomprehensible things, what kind of profound and uneconomical things? It can be said that doing things is simple and dealing with the broad. Following the example of the universe, we can tell the difference between yin and yang, the high and low places of rivers and mountains, and the places where the soil is fat and thin, we can establish evidence. Therefore, we can write down the records in all the remote places in all directions. To manage talents and show off the king and father, dignity should be distinguished and love and respect should be fulfilled. The rank of nobility should be arranged according to the class and the top and bottom are orderly. Therefore, the great road can be implemented. There is nothing close to the role of writing in elucidating the "Five Canons" and "Three Tombs" in governing the country and achieving the grand cause of the country.

After that, those who could write books had the mysterious and subtle skills of writing, so the theory of calligraphy came into being. There is no talented, virtuous or famous person in the world who does not cherish it.

Notes:

1. Breeding: zīrǔ1.? Fertility; reproduction. Han Dynasty Jiao Gan's "Yi Lin Zhen Zhi Cui": "Spring brings forth breasts, and all things flourish." Song Dynasty's Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Supplementary Talk·Magazine": "Like the moon in mid-spring, the grass and trees are vigorous, and the birds and beasts are breeding. Milk is transformed by this calming energy. "Zhang Binglin's "Five No matter": "Teach it to cut off the human way and eliminate its breeding milk." Derive; evolve; breed and gain. Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty wrote in "Shui Jing Zhu·Gu Shui": "Cangjie's original bird traces are used as characters, and they are based on their breeding milk, so the characters have six meanings."

The Five Mountains and Four Rivers: the original It is the name of famous mountains and rivers, and physiognomy uses it to refer to facial organs or parts, based on which people's fortune, longevity, and evil can be determined. Jin Zhangxing's "Ren Lun Da Tong Fu" says: "The five mountains must have domes and swells", and "the four mountains should be deep and wide." The left cheekbone is Mount Taishan of Dongyue, and the right cheekbone is Mount Huashan of Xiyue." "For the four rivers, the ears are the river, the mouth is the river, the eyes are the Huai River, and the nose is the Ji."

Chengque: city tower, palace palace. Wang Bo of the Tang Dynasty wrote in "Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou": "The city gate assists the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke look out to the Wujin." ① Watchtowers on both sides of the city gate. ?②Capital; Capital: the heart of the city. ?③The place where the emperor lived; palace: the smoke and dust in the Jiuchong City Palace.

Chao Yi: Chao Yi is a ceremony for ancient emperors to come to court. According to the regulations: the emperor faces south, the three ministers face north and east is the top, the prince faces east and north is the top, the ministers face west and north is the top, the royal family is on the right side of the road gate, the south is the east and the servant is on the right. The officials and servants are on the left side of the road gate, facing south and west. The position of the court ceremony has been decided, the emperor and his ministers bowed to each other, and then retired from the court.

"It is based on the Book of the Eight Wildernesses. The rules and regulations of human relations reveal the political system." Shanghai Calligraphy and Painting Publishing House's 86th edition of "Fashu Yaolu" wrote, "This is the basis of the Book of the Great Wilderness. The rules and regulations of human relations are obvious," Bahuang: Also called Bafang, it refers to the eight directions including east, west, south, north, southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest, and refers to places far away from the Central Plains. Later, it generally refers to surrounding areas and places. Dahuang refers to a remote and desolate place. Regions or countries named after "wilderness" usually refer to their extreme remoteness and desolation. Sometimes it also refers to a major disaster. In "The Classic of Mountains and Seas", the words "inside the sea, overseas, and the wilderness" refer to the distant places in history in time and space. Comparatively speaking, the overseas era is older than the domestic period, and the Great Wilderness is a more distant era or time and space distance than the overseas and domestic areas. The "Four Classics of the Great Wilderness" in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" may specifically be the regional investigation records of the Shang Dynasty and its surrounding areas.

2. Three Tombs: refers to the books of Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi; Five Canons: refers to the books of Shaohao, Zhuanxu, Gaoxin, Tang and Yu. It is said to be the earliest ancient book in my country. Three Tombs?:?1. Legend has it that it is the oldest book in my country. "Zuo Zhuan·Zhao Gong Twelve Years": "You can read Sanfen, Wudian, Basuo and Jiuqiu." Du Yu's note: "They are all ancient book titles." "Sanfen", the book of the three emperors, is also believed to be It refers to the three rituals of heaven, earth and man, or the three qi of heaven, earth and man, all of which can be found in Kong Yingda's Shuyin. The recent scholar Zhang Binglin's "Review of the Book of Shang Shu Gu Yan" states: "Twelve tombs and mounds should be the two of the ten stone carvings in Mount Tai recorded by Yiwu." The "Book of Three Tombs" preserved today is divided into mountain tombs and gas tombs. In the shape of the tomb, "Lianshan" was written by Fuxi, "Gui Zang" was written by Shen Nong, and "Qian Kun" was written by Huang Di. Each of them was derived into sixty-four hexagrams, which were linked to the biography and mixed with "He Tu". It was forged by the Song Dynasty. Five Codes:? 1. The five ancient ethics. ?2. The legendary five ancient books. ?3. Generally refers to ancient classics. ?4. Refers to the Five Classics "Poetry", "Book", "Yi", "Li" and "Spring and Autumn".