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During World War II, the ancient capitals of Japan, Kyoto and Nara, were miraculously preserved by the fierce bombing of the allied forces, and the palaces, walls and temples all over the two capitals were unscathed. This puzzle that puzzled the Japanese was not solved until Luo/KLOC-0 visited Japan in 1986. All this is attributed to China architect Liang Sicheng.
Liang Sicheng (190 1 year-1972) is a famous architect in China. Of course, he also has a well-known identity-the son of Liang Qichao, a reformer and master of Chinese studies in the late Qing Dynasty. Liang Sicheng 190 1 was born in Tokyo, Japan. His childhood was spent in Japan with his father who was exiled to Japan because of the failure of political reform. During his stay in Japan, Liang's life was quite unstable, and he moved to Tokyo, Yokohama and Kobe successively, relying on the meager income of Xinmin Cong Bao sponsored by Liang Qichao to make a living. Sometimes it is almost difficult to lift the lid, so they have to cook cabbage with salted radish or water to eat rice.
Although life is hard, childhood left Liang Sicheng with more laughter, emotion and nostalgia, and the happiest one was the four years spent in the suburbs of Kobe. At that time, Liang Sicheng walked to the station along the field path with his brother every day, and then went to Kobe to study by train. Every time they are late for catching the bus, the flight attendants push off the driving time for them, and then say half jokingly and half seriously, "Get up early and be punctual. Trains can't wait for people. " Of course, it's much more than that. In his later years, Liang Sicheng recalled: "For more than 50 years ... fond memories of childhood have been haunting me. I love beautiful Japan, and I love the amiable and kind Japanese people in my childhood memory. There are teachers who have taught me in kindergartens and primary schools, fishermen who have taught me to swim in Shamo seaside, ticket sellers who take care of me when I go to school by train every day ... and many Japanese children who played together that year. "
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2007-5- 12 19: 15
The relationship between Liang Sicheng and Nara, the ancient capital, has a long history. When he was a child, his father Liang Qichao took him to visit Horyuji in Nara, and bought a turtle for him to set free. At that time, when the main hall was rebuilt, my father spent one yuan to carve Liang Sicheng's name on a tile in the main hall to pray for the blessing of the Buddha. Unexpectedly, more than 30 years later, this ancient temple was saved from extinction because its name was engraved on the tiles.
Liang Sicheng in wartime: One day I will see Japan being bombed and sunk.
19 12 Liang Sicheng returned to his haunted homeland with his parents and settled in Tianjin. However, the brutality of the Japanese invaders made Liang Sicheng's love for Japan drop to freezing point. He recalled the situation in the article "Remembering Japan": "There was a Japanese concession in Tianjin, and there were police like assholes in the concession ... besides the police, there were also troops, who didn't treat China people as human beings. Because of this, as soon as I saw the shadow of the Japanese police and army, I hid far away, and my love for Japan gradually turned into hate. "
Liang Si became the benefactor of the ancient capital.
1937 "July 7th Incident" broke out. Liang Sicheng and Lin, who studied archaeology in Shanxi, learned that Beiping had fallen and returned to Beiping overnight. As an architect, the most cruel thing is to watch Wanping ancient city, Tuanhe Palace and other famous historical cities and gardens destroyed by gunfire. Facing the Japanese banquet invitation, Liang Sicheng angrily refused and left with two or three suitcases. In the process of escape, Liang Sicheng's family almost died in an air raid by the enemy in Changsha. Liang Sizhong, the younger brother of an artillery officer in the 19th Route Army, died young in the smoke of the Battle of Songhu. Then at 1940, Liang Sicheng's brother-in-law and pilot Lin Heng died heroically in the air battle to defend Chengdu.
Later, Liang Sicheng came to Chongqing, the capital of Chongqing, several times, but all during the indiscriminate bombing by the Japanese army. In the face of the blood dripping from the enemy plane bombing and the wailing of powerlessness, Liang Sicheng could no longer restrain his anger: "I will die if I do more injustice, and one day I will see Japan sunk by bombing!" Out of deep-rooted hatred for Japan, Liang Sicheng refused to associate with any Japanese after entering the Chinese Architectural Society.
From 65438 to 0944, the world anti-fascist war took a major turning point. On the Pacific battlefield, General Li Mei, an American "expert in carpet bombing", commanded the US military to bomb Japan on a large scale. Liang Sicheng, then deputy director of the "War Zone Cultural Relics Protection Committee", also received a special task-compiling a list of cultural relics in the occupied areas and marking their positions on military maps. I'm afraid there is no more exciting job for an architectural expert. He and his student Luo draw maps day and night. Among the maps marked by Liang Sicheng, there is a special map with two circles on it, namely Kyoto and Nara, the ancient capitals of Japan.
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Medieval Hermit of Kipling Party
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When Liang Sicheng presented this map to the Allied Command, Colonel Bronson of the Allied Forces was very puzzled. He doesn't understand why a China scholar should protect the enemy's ancient buildings. Liang Sicheng explained: "If I proceed from my personal feelings, I am willing to sink Japan. But architecture is by no means a nation's, but the crystallization of all human civilization. Like Tangzhaoti Temple in Nara, it is one of the earliest wooden structures in the world. Once it is blown up, it can't be redeemed. "
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2007-5- 12 19: 15
Repay evil with good to save Japanese ancient buildings
/kloc-in the summer of 0/944, a row of bamboo rafts transported Liang Sicheng from Lizhuang to Chaotianmen Wharf in Chongqing. This time, he didn't hide, let alone escape, but was invited by the Allied Command. At that time, the allies were preparing to bomb enemy-occupied areas. The Allied Command asked Liang Sicheng to suggest which ancient buildings should be protected during the bombing. Liang Sicheng immediately handed in a red circle marked with obvious protection signs to the headquarters.
Later, Liang Sicheng added, there are two other cities that I also want to protect, but they are not in China. The American was surprised at that time and asked him which two cities he was. Liang Sicheng said: Kyoto and Nara in Japan.
Allied Command did not immediately respond to Liang Sicheng's suggestion.
1In the summer of 945, the United States, Britain and other countries assembled two million troops in the Pacific Ocean. The continuous and powerful bombing of Japan. Because of Liang Sicheng's entrustment, Kyoto and Nara in Japan were not bombed, but the two most important ancient cities with many ancient buildings in Japan were preserved. The Japanese are very grateful for this matter, saying that Liang Sicheng is the benefactor of the ancient capital.
Liang Congjie once said on the Japanese podium: "It is not easy for my father to put forward this proposal. Two people in our family died directly in the front line of the Anti-Japanese War. " The Japanese audience in the audience listened to Liang Congjie's statement and was silent.
Liang Si became the benefactor of the ancient capital.
"The mountains and rivers are exotic, and the moon is the same as the sky", which is quite appreciated by Master Jian Zhen. 1200 years later, Liang Sicheng's righteous act is undoubtedly the best interpretation of this proverb, especially in the atmosphere of anger of the whole nation, it is not easy to keep a scholar calm and rational. Liang Sicheng's suggestion was finally adopted, and the ancient capitals of Kyoto and Nara were miraculously preserved in the fierce bombing by the allied forces, and the palaces, walls and temples all over the two capitals were unscathed. This puzzle that puzzled the Japanese was not solved until Luo/KLOC-0 visited Japan in 1986.
Asahi Shimbun published an article entitled "The benefactor of the ancient capital is a China scholar" and praised Liang Sicheng's righteous act. Fukuyama, the authority of Japanese ancient architecture, also said gratefully: "Mr. Liang Sicheng is our great benefactor in Japan. It was he who proposed to the United States to protect Nara and Kyoto during World War II, so that our ancient capital would be free from indiscriminate bombing. We will never forget him. " It is worth mentioning that Liang Sicheng's values and practice of protecting the world cultural heritage are even nearly 30 years earlier than the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. More importantly, this choice is based on transcending the national Chou He family hatred. As his son Liang Congjie said, "It is not easy for my father to make this suggestion. Two people in our family died directly in the front line of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. "
During 1946, Liang Sicheng passed through Japan on business. After witnessing the bullying of American soldiers, his hatred for Japan turned into sympathy. He gradually realized that "he loves the Japanese people and Japan's beautiful nature, as well as its excellent culture and tradition, and what he should hate is Japanese militarism and imperialism."
In his later years, Liang Sicheng once described the evolution of his feelings for Japan: "From being sensible to 1949, Japan in the past 50 years has always been mixed with contradictory thoughts of good and evil, beauty, ugliness, love and hate. With the passage of time and the change of the situation, my hatred and disgust for Japan have gained the upper hand, and my love for Japan has completely cooled down with the' July 7 Incident' as the boundary. However, now I have once again ignited my infinite love for Japan. " From childhood love to wartime hatred, and then to post-war nostalgia, Liang Sicheng clearly outlined an upward parabola in the two-dimensional space of emotion and time. The love, hate and hatred sealed in it fluctuate with the change of time and space, but what remains unchanged is the emotion beyond personal grievances and national grievances, which is the treasure of Japan's ancient capital and ancient buildings and the same cultural heritage of mankind.