What is precious when a minister is "loyalty", loyalty to the monarch and patriotism. The most precious thing for a father is "kindness" and loving his children.
What is precious when a son is "filial piety", which is filial piety to his parents. When a brother is precious, he is a "friend" and loves his brother.
What is precious when a younger brother is "respect" and respect for his brother. What is precious to a husband is "harmony" and harmony with his wife.
What is precious to a wife is "gentleness" and meekness to her husband. Teachers should be polite in service and pay attention to credit when making friends.
Respect the elderly and love the children. I must respect a man of noble character, even if he is younger than me.
I must stay away from people with bad conduct, even if they are older than me. Don't talk casually about other people's shortcomings; Don't brag about your merits.
For those who have feuds, tell the truth and be reasonable. Be honest and upright with those who blame themselves.
Whether you are proud or easy-going, difficult or unfavorable, you should be calm and unmoved. Others have small mistakes, so be tolerant! If someone else makes a big mistake, we should persuade him and help him according to reason.
Don't do it just because it is a small good thing, and don't do it just because it is a small bad thing. Others have done bad things, help them to mend their ways, and don't preach their evil deeds.
Others should be praised for doing good deeds. There is no personal enmity in dealing with people, and there is no separate private law in managing housework.
Don't do things that harm others and benefit yourself. Don't be jealous of talented people and capable people. Don't say that you are angry with unreasonable people, and don't hurt the lives of people and animals casually in violation of legitimate things.
Do not accept improper property, support reasonable. Be sure to read poetry books often, and be sure to understand etiquette and righteousness.
Children and grandchildren should be educated, and child servants should be pitied. We must respect those who are moral and knowledgeable, and we must help those who are in trouble.
These are the truths that a man should know, and everyone should do his duty to reach the standard of "courtesy". By doing so, we have fulfilled the mission entrusted to us by everything in the world and conformed to the principle of "destiny".
Original: Those who treasure the monarch are also benevolent. I value loyalty.
What my father cherishes is kindness. Filial piety is also the most precious thing for children.
Brothers' friends are the people you value. Everyone my brother loves is respected.
What a husband values is harmony. The person a woman loves is soft.
Being a teacher is more expensive than being polite, and making friends is more expensive than believing. When you meet your elders, you should respect them; See young people and love them.
I will respect those noble people, although they are younger than me; Unscrupulous people, although older than me, I will stay away from them. Be careful not to talk about other people's shortcomings or praise your own merits.
Revenge with righteousness, sue directly, and be satisfied with what you encounter. People are too small to tolerate; If a person has made a big mistake, he should speak out rationally.
Don't do it because of small goodness, and don't do it because of small evils. If people have evil, they must hide it; If a person has goodness, he must publicize it.
Have no enmity with the world, and be selfless in managing your family. Don't be selfish and hurt others, and don't be jealous of talents.
Don't say that you are angry and report disobedience, and you don't want see no evil, which is not good for others. Don't take ill-gotten gains, take them reasonably
Poetry and books must be read, and etiquette and righteousness must be known. Children and grandchildren must be taught, and children and servants must be kind.
Gentle people will be disrespectful, and those in adversity will help. Those who keep my points are also polite; Those who listen to my orders, heaven also.
If people can do this, so can heaven. This is a daily routine. If clothes are to the body and diet is to the mouth, clothes are indispensable for a day, but they can be sloppy! Origin: Family Instructions-Zhu Tuoben's materials, family instructions and original genealogy in the Southern Song Dynasty.
In the mid-Southern Song Dynasty, Jin and Meng invaded South China, with heavy taxes, complaints from the people, deep national crisis and weak Confucianism. The decay of feudal rule led to the destruction of code, the abandonment of ethics and morality, the increasing greed of officialdom, the decline of morality, the emptiness of people's spirit, the loss of ideals and social unrest.
Zhu took it as his duty to stabilize the national order, strengthen the cohesion of family and society, save the country and the people, carry forward Neo-Confucianism, pursue the educational concept of "learning from others and respecting deeds", advocate moral cultivation with the content of "preserving heaven and eliminating human desires", and strive to reorganize ethical norms and rebuild ideal values and spiritual home. It is against this background that Zhuzi's Family Instructions came into being.
(1) Advocating Family Harmony Family has been the basic cell of society since ancient times. For everyone, family is the starting point of life, and it is also a harbor for rest and life.
From celebrities to ordinary people, behind the success of their careers, they are inseparable from the support and help of their families. Creating a warm home and a harmonious family life is the eternal goal that people have pursued in the past and in the future. Zhu's Family Instructions provides theoretical guidance for realizing this goal.
(2) Advocating interpersonal harmony From the ultimate goal of the development of human society, what human beings are pursuing is a harmonious and happy society, which requires the harmony and unity between man and nature and between people, which is very similar to the way of treating people advocated by Zhu Jiaxun. (3) Advocating moral cultivation In Zhu's view, attaching importance to moral cultivation is like "clothes are to the body and diet is to the mouth. You can't live without it for a day, and you can't be careless! " He also put forward many philosophical opinions on how to emphasize morality and cultivate one's morality.
He believes that "if people have evil, they must hide it, and if people have good, they must raise it." This sentence refers to the attitude towards the good and evil behavior of others, restraining those who do evil and publicizing and praising those who do good.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhu Xi Zhu Zi Family Instructions.
2. Ancient prose and translation of Zhu Zi's family instructions (original): get up at dawn, sweep the court, and be neat inside and outside; When you are unconscious, you will rest. If you close the door, you will behave well.
Four screens of Zhuzi's family instructions (note): except court: courtyard. Get up at dawn every morning, sprinkle water on the ground inside and outside the court before sweeping the floor to make it clean and tidy; At dusk, you should have a rest and check for yourself whether the door is locked.
(Original): It is not easy to think about a porridge and a meal; It is difficult to keep thinking about material resources. For a porridge and a meal, it is hard to think of it; For half-silk or half-thread clothes, we should always remember that it is very difficult to produce these materials.
It is better to plan ahead than to dig wells in the face of thirst. (Note): Take precautions (chóu móu): Before it rains, you should fix the doors and windows of the house, which means that everything should be prepared in advance.
Everything should be prepared first, like building a house before it rains, instead of "cramming for the Buddha's feet", like digging a well when you are thirsty. Self-help must be frugal, and banquet guests must not stay.
Be frugal in your life, and don't dawdle when you get together for dinner. (Original): The utensils are clean and tidy, and tiles are better than gold; The more exquisite the diet, the more delicious the vegetables in the garden.
(Note): tile (fǒu): ware made of tile. Rare (xiū): Rare and exquisite food.
The tableware is simple and clean. Although it is pottery made of clay, it is better than jade. The food is both economical and exquisite. Although it is a vegetable grown in the garden, it is better than delicacies. (Original): Don't run fancy houses, don't seek fertile land.
Don't build gorgeous houses, and don't try to buy good countryside. (The following gray content can't be taught to children) (Original): Three aunts and six grandmothers are the media of prostitution and theft; Beautiful girls and concubines are not the blessings of the boudoir.
Unscrupulous women in society are the media of prostitution and theft; Beautiful handmaids and charming concubines are not family happiness. Don't be handsome for a boy servant, and don't wear bright clothes for wives.
Babies and slaves should not hire handsome and beautiful people, and wives and concubines should not have gorgeous decorations. (Original): Although the ancestors are far away, the sacrifice must be sincere; Although children and grandchildren are stupid, they must read classics.
Although our ancestors have left us for a long time, we should still offer sacrifices devoutly; Even if children and grandchildren are stupid, education should not be neglected. (Original): Life is simple, and teaching children is righteous.
(Note): Righteousness: the right way to be a man. I scrimp and save, and educate my children and grandchildren in the right way.
Don't covet unexpected wealth and don't drink too much. Don't be greedy for money that doesn't belong to you, and don't drink too much.
(Original): Do not take advantage of the trade with Shoujian; When you see poor neighbors, you must be warm-hearted. Don't take advantage of shoplifters who do small business. When you see poor relatives or neighbors, you should care about them and give them money or other assistance.
(original): mean marriage will not last long; Lun Chang is a good boy and will die soon. (Note): strange ancient (chu ǐ n): violation.
(Bai Wen): Those who get rich by being mean to others will never enjoy this happiness for long. Those who violate morality will soon be eliminated.
(Original): Brothers and uncles need to be more generous; Young and old, both inside and outside, should be strict with themselves. Brothers and uncles should help each other, and the rich should help the poor; A family should have strict rules, and the words of the elders should be solemn to the younger generation.
(Original): Listen to a woman, is a good flesh and blood a husband? If you value wealth and ignore your parents, you can't be the son of human beings. Listening to a woman's provocation hurts the feelings of flesh and blood. What is it worth to be a man? It is not reasonable for children to value money and treat their parents badly.
(Original): Marry a woman and choose a good husband, and don't ask for re-employment; It's not too thick to marry a daughter-in-law and beg a lady. (Note): lián: A generous dowry.
If you want to marry your daughter, choose a good husband for her and don't want expensive dowry; Marrying a daughter-in-law must require a virtuous woman, not a generous dowry. It is the most shameful to flatter at the sight of wealth, and it is nothing to be arrogant when it comes to poverty.
It's the most shameful to be ingratiating with the rich, but it's the most despicable to be arrogant when meeting the poor. (Original): If there is no lawsuit at home, the lawsuit will be fierce; Don't talk too much in life, you will suffer.
Living at home, no lawsuits. Once a lawsuit is fought, no matter whether you win or lose, the result is unlucky. Don't talk too much in life, you will suffer.
(Comment): Litigation always costs money and time, and even damages property. Even if you win, it's not worth the loss. If there is any contradiction, mediation or reconciliation should be adopted as far as possible.
(Original): Don't bully widows, don't kill birds. Don't bully and oppress orphans and widows by force, and don't slaughter animals such as cattle, sheep, chickens and ducks at will for greed.
(original): eccentric, you will regret many mistakes; Laziness and self-indulgence are hard. People who are eccentric and self-righteous will inevitably regret often doing wrong things; Decadent and lazy, addicted to ignorance, it is difficult to get married.
(Original): If you are naughty, you will be tired for a long time; Qu Zhi is old, but if you are in a hurry, you can rely on each other. (Note): xiá nì √: It's too close.
(Translation): A teenager who is not close will suffer for a long time; Respectfully and modestly associate with people who are experienced and good at doing things, and you can get his guidance or help when you encounter difficulties. (Original): Listen to the speech lightly, and know the inhuman accusation? Be patient and think twice before you act; I don't know if I argue about what is my fault. You need to think calmly.
(Note): v. (zèn): Slander. Don't believe other people's gossip, think twice before you act.
Because how do we know he's not here to speak ill of people? If you argue about something, you should reflect on yourself calmly, because how do you know it's not my fault? You don't want to give benefits, but you don't forget to be grateful. Don't take your kindness to others to heart, but always take your kindness to others to heart.
(Comment): Always remember the goodness of others, and look at the people and environment around you with gratitude, then this world is heaven. Look around ungrateful.