The fundamental criterion for judging the merits of a social system is whether it can promote the development of productive forces compared with the previous social system. Declaration: "The productive forces created by the bourgeoisie in its less than one hundred years of class rule have exceeded all the productive forces created by all previous generations." What is the main reason why it creates this magic? (question)
1, the historical progress of capitalism (blackboard writing)
First, the external pressure of the law of value and the internal motivation of the law of surplus value have accelerated the development of science and technology. Through the previous research, we know that the law of value is the basic law of commodity production, which requires that the value of commodities be determined according to the socially necessary labor time for producing commodities. In other words, if a producer's individual labor time is less than the socially necessary time, he can get more profits. How to reduce personal working hours? The most important way is to improve the technical level. In other words, the law of value forces capitalists to improve production technology. The so-called willing to follow, unwilling to lead.
Capitalists are personalized capital, and capital is the value that can bring surplus value, that is to say, the pursuit of surplus value is the fundamental mission of capitalists. How to pursue more surplus value? Early capitalists mainly used the method of extending working hours. However, on the one hand, this method is limited by physiological conditions. No matter how vicious the capitalists are, the working hours of workers cannot exceed 25 hours a day. On the other hand, with the awakening of the working class, the struggle to reduce working days continues-the upcoming "May 1" International Labor Day is a commemoration of the great achievements of the working class struggle that year, so we try our best to improve technology and reduce the necessary working hours for production and reproduction. It is not difficult to see that the social progress of production technology is by no means the result of capitalists repaying their services to society and people, but the indirect result of pursuing surplus value.
Second, the machine industry replaced handicrafts and agriculture, which improved labor efficiency; At the same time, it also overcomes the limitations of natural conditions such as seasons and makes the development of production uninterrupted. In feudal times, the main industry was agriculture, which was decisively limited by natural conditions such as seasons, and the gift from God was extremely limited. Therefore, people generally pursue such a life creed: those who are satisfied are always happy. Three treasures of life: an ugly wife, a thin field, and a broken cotton-padded jacket (even a beautiful daughter-in-law doesn't dare to ask for it, for fear of causing trouble, she will leave with others). Capitalist big machine production is completely different, which can not only overcome the seasonal constraints, but also continuously produce and greatly improve efficiency. As Marx vividly said: "Hand grinding produces a society headed by feudal lords, while steam grinding produces a society headed by industrial capitalists." The result of the contest between the two in the market is obvious.
Third, the capitalist superstructure has greater superiority in feudal ideology. The political philosophy in medieval Europe is an ascetic religious philosophy and a philosophy of hating people, which artificially created the bipolar opposition between human soul and body, and the satisfaction of every human desire was a nail that nailed human soul to the cross. Boccaccio's famous saying, "I don't want to be a god, and I don't want to live forever ... the glory that belongs to mortals is enough for me ... I am a mortal myself, and I just want the happiness of mortals." It represents the cry of that era for religious abstinence morality, which also indicates the arrival of a new era of humanistic civilization and unprecedented prosperity. It reveals that religious values go against nature and humanity, and decameron reveals the hypocrisy of monks: who can be the abbot-of course, the woman with the most illegitimate children. The progressive nature of capitalist political culture determined by the capitalist market economic system is mainly manifested in the following aspects: for the first time in human history, the bourgeoisie bravely held high the banner of freedom, democracy, equality and fraternity, affirmed individual freedom and denied individual dependence; Affirmed the equality of people, denied the rank and privilege; It affirms fraternity and humanity, and denies the shinto and inhumanity that despise people. In a word, it politically affirmed the dignity of human beings and the legitimacy of pursuing happiness for the first time, mobilized people's inner enthusiasm at once, and made every cell of human desire show double energy.
In addition, while capitalism opened the world capital market with bloody violence, it also unconsciously made pioneering contributions to the globalization of the world economy and the blending of world ideology and culture. These contents have been elaborated in great detail in the * * * Declaration.
2, the root cause of the development of capitalism today (blackboard writing)
The development of capitalism today is mainly the result of the development of science and technology in the world, the struggle of the proletariat, and the self-adjustment of the bourgeoisie by properly drawing lessons from Marxist theory and the superiority of the socialist system without touching the fundamental system. On the one hand, it shows that there is still room for the development of productive forces in capitalist relations of production, on the other hand, it shows that the capitalist exploitation system based on private ownership is not the decisive factor of today's social progress. Here, I want to tell you a major historical event that should be well known, but ultimately little known. 1965 in order to overcome its own difficulties, the capitalist world held the "World Capitalism Congress" in Philadelphia, USA, and issued the "Capitalism Manifesto", which modestly and sincerely put forward: "Learn from the experience of the socialist people as masters of their own affairs and implement people's capitalism with joint-stock system; Draw lessons from the experience of socialist welfare system and implement welfare capitalism from birth to death; Learn from the experience of the planned economy and implement planned capitalism with state intervention. " In recent years, democratic socialism, which has been highly praised by people, is essentially to learn from the good practices of socialism to improve capitalism and act as a doctor and nurse in front of capitalist beds. It can be said that capitalism can win people's hearts in specific systems and practices, largely due to Marx and socialist countries. Perhaps to express gratitude, the western capitalist countries gave Marx the highest honor-a thousand-year-old great man. However, it should be noted that we should not be paralyzed by the above improvements, thinking that capitalism has become "red" and has automatically entered socialism. Their motive is to prove that capitalism is eternal and socialism is not. Ass commands the brain, and the narrow interests of the bourgeoisie determine that they cannot have a higher political realm.