In literary works, Li Zhi's "Innocence" advocates "absolute falsehood and true expression of one's opinions. Li clearly declared that their works were "deviant", saying, "I don't have to kill my head, but my dead body can't be humiliated", and I didn't flinch. Li Zhi's poetry writing style also advocated "sincerity", which had an important influence on the popular "imitation of the ancient" writing style at that time.
Li hates hypocrites who uphold feudal ethics and are full of benevolence and morality. His so-called moral condemnation is: too much fame, too much management. What is true and evil, and talk about benevolence and righteousness without evil; Like true partiality, fraternity stresses fraternity, gives one's own opinions on correct implementation and stresses unnatural design. When they talk about going to school almost openly, they say that Seoul is selfish, for itself and for others. I think altruism is "actually" studying for the statue of the highest official, obviously "thinking for yourself" and% people seek those ("burning books and knocking at the door"). This hypocritical hypocrite, whose words and deeds are not the same, might as well make a shovel as Zhenfu's "harmony between man and nature" (ibid.). He also condemned morality as a group of hypocritical hypocrites, saying that "Yang Daoism is rich in Yin and Yang, and Masayuki is as numb as a dog" (Continue to burn books and return to Confucianism). Morally, it is full of benevolence and morality, but the route is actually a stepping stone through the school. "He regards the profit of deception as his personal high-ranking official, and the taste of his high-ranking official's morality is aimed at the rich ("Burning books and burning weak candidates "). Li Zhi's exposure of Neo-Confucianism and Daoism really hit the nail on the head, and every word was well-written.
The ruling class in Zhi Li strongly recommends Confucius and Mencius, and the school is also full of eyelashes. It is bold to praise Liu Xie's words of "burning books" and "continuing to burn books" and "the title of Confucius' image, Zhifu courtyard" and satirize and belittle the statue of Confucius, an ancient sage. He thinks that Confucius is not a saint, "although Confucius also allows people to attend classes" ("Burning Books in Zhou Liutang"). Confucius is nothing. "People who grow crops and fish with pottery are not as good as those who are not good. Is it not advisable to be alone? " ? Why did Confucius specialize? Industry, and then the pulse "("burning books, Argens mouth "). Everyone is a saint. Why do we have to learn from Confucius at school? This lowered the status of Confucius, the supreme saint. The idols, speeches and deeds worshipped by Confucius should all be moved to the school of Confucius, that is, "facing the cheap state of music" (On How to Burn Books). Li Zhi denied the orthodox position of Confucianism, denied the theory of Confucius and Mencius, considered it impossible and dogmatic. The Six Classics, the Analects of Confucius, ancient and modern, Jesus Christ is the crown of Taoism, Mencius is the excuse of Taoism, and it is a hotbed of fallacies (burning books and burying Confucianism, childlike innocence is not lost). Li Zhi's criticism of Confucius and Confucius and Mencius has indeed reached the point of "being sacred". No wonder the ruling class hates his guts.
Under the oppression of female feudal ethics, Li Zhi gave deep sympathy. He cried against the unfair treatment of women. Burning a book, a woman's "blood knife" short-sighted book, Li Zhi criticized people for seeing the best long and best short statements of women. He said, "You can't just see short women. So both men and women can see that men and women are almost equal? The length can be seen. What is the best woman a man can see? The wet behind the ears woman corpse was born in the music school where he saw and heard music. It is conceivable that he didn't listen enough. Ukiyo-e painting of knowledge lacks love and fear. When people in the world are ashamed and sweaty, they dare not practice it loudly. " This is a sharp challenge to the traditional feudal ethics.
Li Zhi mercilessly exposed the cruelty of the feudal rulers in squeezing people's fish. He borrowed the myth that Guan Shaohu, the magistrate of Xuancheng County in Han Dynasty, was cannibal and condemned the ruling officials as "crowned cannibal tigers". Today, the tiger sits in Ada, devouring people and animals, and spares no effort to fish and shrimp ("burning books and sympathizing"). "Burning books", he also participated in the strong dissatisfaction of "Water Margin" and vented his real politics.
How to save Lebanon from from the mire and explore a way to benefit the country and the people? Li only focuses on the talents of the upper class of feudal rule and the "so vigorous" and "practical program", and he will commit suicide to repay the ungrateful people (Burning Books and Cold Light).
The formation of Li Zhi's philosophy experienced the transformation from subjective idealism to materialism. Li Zhi advocated that the universe was born from heaven and earth (the ultimate yin and yang), and denied the objective idealism of anger management in Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism. There can be two people. Li Zhi, moral and spiritual phenomena exist in people's material life. "Dressing and wearing a hat to eat, that is to say, the relationship between man and physics (Burning Books Deng Danyang) is his famous thesis, which is different from general ideological materialism. Li Yong believed in Buddhism and Wang Yangming's theory of mind, so his whole philosophical system was the center of subjective idealism. He believes that "truth" and "innocence" are the most fundamental concepts and the source of everything. Nature "I am magical" ("burning books to interpret classics"), whether there is "reason" or not, whether all the material and spirit in the world only exist in "sincerity" What is "true"? Innocent, initial heart, conscience, not affected by the outside world, "my heart. "They are the origin of the dominant reason, which can be called' pure blood'. Everything on the earth, mountains and rivers, one heart. What is really obvious is sincere factors and ingredients, such as the relationship between blisters and ocean water. This view is in line with Lu's "My heart is the universe, and the universe is my heart" and Zen's "Everything is born of the heart". Li Zhi's subjective idealism, rather than Neo-Confucianism, is based on objective idealism and will inevitably weaken his combat effectiveness.
Li Zhi's epistemology is a transcendental theory based on subjective idealism, which claims to be derived from Buddha's "knowledge". "Burning Books Zhou Xiyan" "If there is no wise man who is unhappy, there will be no ignorance". Everyone is born aware that everyone has Buddha nature. "All men are saints" (Burning Books to Make Threads). Li Zhi said: "Living knowledge" deified Confucius. From the perspective of cognitive ability, traditional thinking has a progressive effect on emancipating the mind by acknowledging the correctness of the cognition denied by the source. However, "everyone knows that the epistemological limitations and defects of the opposing theory of sage's life wisdom can not be ignored."
There are many simple dialectical thoughts in Li Zhi's thoughts. "Continue to burn books, Tao Shizhen said," Good and evil, Utah Yin and Yang drunk driving, just using soft, men and women, including two drunk driving. He admits that there are two things. Contradictory things reveal the influence of naive dialectical thoughts that are transformed internally to a certain extent. Political thoughts are manifested in "burning books", "I have no fixed skills all the time in the world" ("Chao Cuo"), "Don't trample on such channels and don't follow them" ("Farewell to Geng privately? ), in the development and change of thought.
The fifteen years of Wanli written by Mr. Wang systematically expounded Li's thoughts. Li Zhi
These basic political thoughts formed his political thoughts against political corruption and Taoism, mainly including:
Advocates of individual liberation and freedom of thought. Li Zhi struggled all his life, pursuing individual liberation and freedom of thought, despising traditional authority and daring to criticize power. From an early age, he will stubbornly study hard not to believe, not to believe, not to believe, and let him go. He believes that a person should have his own political views and opinions, rather than blindly reconciling others. Your suggestion is adaptive. Adaptive wave Shu Qi is as isolated as an eye for an eye for fitness. I don't know myself, but the person who serves him is Yao Shun ("burning books, continuing to burn books on Tuesday"). He believes that individual liberation and freedom of thought must be broken. We should break through the forbidden zone of various ideas monopolized by Confucius and Mencius, and break through the first point of the feudal classic Li struggle. Confucius is just an ordinary. Confucius suggested that in order to break the irregularities, Li Zhi wrote Collection and Sequel, and re-evaluated historical figures with his own standards.
(2) equality between people, courtesy and wisdom, there is no distinction between high and low. According to the principle of social competition, ordinary people are not modest, and their status is noble, while Hou's family is not noble, but it also has its humble place. He said: "One of the important reasons is that the lower-class princes are not on all expensive ordinary people, but on all cheap princes" (Li Yishe)
(3) to oppose feudal Confucianism is to criticize the Confucian classics of feudal rulers as sacred and inviolable six classics. Confucian classics, such as The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, are not all words. Sages are formed by flattery, not eternal truth. He opposes discrimination against women. When someone said that "women are short-sighted and can't stand learning", he retorted: insightful. ..... This is a man and a woman, depending on how there is a man and a woman? The length can be seen, the best length that men see should be similar to the shortest woman, right? He advocated freedom of marriage and enthusiastically praised the love story of Zhuo Wenjun and Sima Xiangru.
(4) Li's ugly face, he advocates utility, exposes morality and points out that they are all hypocrites. "The so-called hermits and concerned businessmen talk about morality, but they aim at going through the hole in the wall" ("Burning books continues to burn, teaching in summer is weak"), but benevolence and morality are to cover up their despicable people? Mask, "this is wealth, you straighten out, don't. In fact, you have to hold up a proud body. " He doesn't agree with moral propaganda, but it doesn't take into account its function and significance. Everyone's behavior is purposeful and profitable. Dong Zhongshu's promotion activities of "meaning" and "clarity" are also utilitarian purposes. From the utilitarian point of view, Li Zhi advocated enriching Qiang Bing, criticizing the scholars' behavior of "talking about his life and knowing Xuanwei, itching all over the world, and managing money by it". "He pointed out:" Financial managers can't talk about the dominant position of Mercedes-Benz, and Confucianism doesn't understand Wu's material phenomenon. He emphasized that Wu was very important. In Agriculture and War, he argued that "martial arts cultivation can be ignored" ("Li Zhuowu Prize was awarded to Huang Ming Tongji"), saying: "Some primitive buildings must have improved life and diet. This institution, it must have soldiers to protect themselves ("burning books, continuing to burn books, soldiers eat"). "Maintain the natural desire of human beings, a new orthodox thought", he put forward the relationship between eating, wearing clothes, man and physics, and "rationality" put forward people who challenge orthodoxy in daily life. BR/>；
⑤ The political ideal of "governing by doing nothing" and Li Zhi's political corruption of "governing by doing nothing, governing silently, and teaching without words" in the Ming Dynasty, in his view, the frequent turmoil of human society interfered with his ruling ideal of "a perfect ruler in social life", because almost people complied with nature and secular state of mind, "because of their political difficulties, the customs could do what they could".
The history of progressive views. Confucius is not Zhi Li's Six Classics and The Analects of Confucius. Mencius said that this is a great contempt. These works are the records of the disciples of ignorance and Gu Kuo. More than half of the words of saints, even if the words of saints are only a little constructive criticism, can not be "all words."
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In the history of opposing the "world" development concept advocated by historical conservatism. "Cardiff does not dispute, such as alternating day and night, not relative age. Yesterday is definitely not today Is it the sacred final version of online business law? " Put forward the "known world" and call Seoul "proposition. It is believed that the three generations represent the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States represents the normal historical development of the Spring and Autumn Period.
3。 People-oriented. Mencius has? It is put forward that "the people are more important than the monarch, and secondly, the state advocates boldly putting forward the reality when the ruler becomes a political practice." Li Zhi's thought of "indomitable spirit" expressed his dissatisfaction with autocratic imperial power. He was an enlightening thinker in Ming and Qing Dynasties and was regarded as the forerunner.