If you want to get high marks in the composition of the senior high school entrance examination, you need to be good at observing in your daily life, not turning a deaf ear to things outside the window, but actively paying attention to a series of phenomena such as population problems, pollution problems and world peace. We should be good at thinking and try to express and record our thoughts in English. Only through constant accumulation and tempering can we develop good basic writing skills. I suggest you review this year's key issues and hot issues before the exam. Accumulate some related words and get ready.
Second, carefully examine the questions and write an outline.
After getting the test paper and listening questions, candidates can look at the topic and type of the composition first, have a general impression and preparation, and have a preliminary idea of their composition when doing grammar and reading questions. We should set aside 20 minutes to write our composition as much as possible. When writing a composition formally, you can refer to the following steps:
1, carefully examine the topic and determine the key words in the topic.
2. Initiate a "brainstorming", that is, brainstorming, which leads to various associations and debates on this topic.
3. According to your existing experience and vocabulary, choose the most familiar and confident aspects and arguments to write.
4. Determine the basic writing tense, for example, narrative usually uses the simple past tense. The main reason why candidates lose a lot of points is the wrong use of tense. )
5. For students with ability, be careful not to use simple sentence patterns throughout, but to introduce grammar points in junior high school, such as adverbial clauses, object clauses and passive voice. This will improve the examinee's composition qualitatively.
6. After writing the whole composition, be sure to check it carefully, pay attention to making sentences smoothly, using tenses accurately, spelling words correctly, using articles correctly and using nouns correctly.
Next, let's comment on the composition questions and examples of the senior high school entrance examination.
Analysis of composition types and examples in senior high school entrance examination
Propositional composition is to give a unified topic, limit the specific scope of candidates' writing, and ask candidates to describe or comment on the same topic. The key to writing a good propositional composition is to stick to the theme, have clear thinking and clear views.
First, the proposition composition
[Example 1] Be a lovely Shanghai (Shanghai English Senior High School Entrance Examination in 2003)
Examination: The key point of this question is to explain what you should do as a lovely Shanghainese. In the examinee's composition in 2003, some students seriously digress, focusing on what kind of metropolis Shanghai is, so they lost a lot of points. From this perspective, the accuracy of the exam is very important.
Student composition: Shanghai is developing rapidly every day. Fever-reducing foreigners come to Shanghai to travel. As the host of Shanghai, we must be lovely Shanghainese and tell tourists that Shanghai is an international city. To be a lovely Shanghainese, first of all, we should try our best to make this city more beautiful to show our enthusiasm. Next, we should be kind and friendly to everyone. We must do this to make our guests feel our enthusiasm. Finally, we should study and work hard to improve our ability. Shanghai is developing, so we should follow the times.
Teacher's comment: The composition is fluent and the structure is clear. Described by the structure of "first, next and last", it has a strong sense of hierarchy. The proper use of infinitives reflects the examinee's good grammar skills.
Teacher's suggested score: 9 points.
[Example 2] Four years of school life
Examination: This topic requires candidates to review and summarize their four-year junior high school life, which is suitable for writing in a narrative and discussion way. (In addition, from the perspective of emotional education, marking teachers always want to read that candidates recall their happy junior high school life, rather than hate their alma mater, teachers, classmates and other negative emotions. )
Student composition: I have been in my middle school for four years. Four years of school life plays an important role in my life. I like to make friends, gain knowledge and have fun at school. I also made friends with many classmates, and many different patient teachers gave me different classes. I have grown a lot in the past four years. I will never forget my four years of school life.
Teacher's comment: The whole composition is very vivid and fluent, which reflects the examinee's reluctance to his alma mater. Because it is a review and summary of junior high school life, candidates choose the present perfect tense as the main tense to emphasize the influence and result. The correct use of "play an important role" and passive voice in the text also reflects the examinee's good vocabulary and grammar ability.
Teacher's suggested score: 10.
Second, practical writing
Practical writing mainly includes letters, emails, diaries, notices, advertisements and telephone calls. It requires candidates not only to express the main content of the topic, but also to correctly use various text formats for standardized writing, which is also a reflection of how much candidates know about English traditional culture. Therefore, candidates should systematically review all kinds of text formats and telephone standard terms before the exam, so as to be calm and win.
Write a letter to your pen pal Li Fan in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, tell him that you are willing to make friends with him and invite him to visit Shanghai.
Examination: This question requires candidates to write in a standardized letter format and include all the information points in the question. It is suggested that candidates can extract all the information points in the topic to avoid omission.
Student composition:
Lifan
Xishuangbanna
Yunnan Province of China
May 25(th), 2004
Dear Lifan:
Thank you for your letter. I am glad to be your pen pal. We are the same year, but we were born in different places. In my imagination, Xishuangbanna is a very beautiful place. There are many plants and animals. You know, I am looking forward to going to Xishuangbanna. Would you like to come to Shanghai? I want to invite you to Shanghai in the summer vacation. Shanghai is also a beautiful place. This is a modern city. There are many interesting places, such as the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, the Bund and Nanjing Road Pedestrian Street.
If you come here, I will show you around Shanghai. You can stay at my house, and my mother will cook you a lot of delicious food. Let's be best friends!
You are sincere,
Xiao Min
Teacher's suggested score: 9 points.
[Example 4] Write a diary entitled "Visit _ _ _".
Examination: The topic is semi-propositional composition. Candidates should not only pay attention to the correct diary format, but also choose and determine the theme of the article according to their own experience and familiarity.
Student composition:
It was sunny on May 25th, 2004.
Visit Jinmao Building
Jinmao Mansion is both traditional and modern in China. It is a landmark building in Shanghai. It is located in the center of Lujiazui financial district. Our family visited Jinmao Building today.
The traffic there is very convenient. You can get here by tunnel and subway No.2. If you live nearby, you can walk like our family. We went to the eighty-eighth floor of Jinmao Building. We saw a panoramic view of Shanghai there. Please come to Jinmao Building, and you will have unexpected gains.
Teacher's comment: The theme of the whole composition is clear, and the description of Jinmao Building is more specific. The word "signal structure" is the highlight of the whole paper. However, the level of the whole article is not clear enough, the sentences are mainly simple sentences, and the explanation of the verb "visit" is not enough.
Teacher's suggested score: 8 points.
Third, look at the pictures and write words.
Writing by looking at pictures is a common form of junior high school English composition examination. However, with the extensive application of Oxford textbooks, students' writing ability has been greatly improved, so the requirements and difficulty of the composition for the senior high school entrance examination have also increased accordingly. Therefore, it is unlikely that simple narrative pictures and words will continue to appear in the composition of the senior high school entrance examination, but some meaningful cartoons or pictures can be provided to the candidates, asking them to find problems and put forward their own opinions, which puts forward higher requirements for the candidates' logical thinking ability and proficient use of English language.
Examination: This cartoon contains a profound theme, that is, war and peace, which is closely related to the hot issues in the world today. It not only examines whether candidates can express their views fluently, but also needs candidates to observe the whole world from the height of humanistic care.
Student composition:
A symbol of freedom and peace.
Almost every day we can see a large number of pigeons sunbathing in some big squares, but do you often care about what a white pigeon stands for? This is peace. For hundreds of years, people have always regarded pigeons as representatives of freedom and peace. That's not only because of its lovely and pure figure, but also because of its great enthusiasm for the outside world. Until now, I still can't help but think of such a picture: in Iraq, a boy looked at a white dove above his head. The background is full of wounded soldiers and guns. Therefore, this lovely white dove is in sharp contrast with this snowy background, which is thought-provoking. Suddenly, an idea came to my mind: Why are there so many wars in the world just for the benefit of one person? Why can't people live as freely as little pigeons? I hope there will never be a war!
Teacher's comment: It should be said that it is quite difficult to write this picture-reading composition, but the examinee associates with freedom and peace from pigeons and then with the Iraq war in a very smooth style. The style of writing is mature and sophisticated, which is valuable in junior high school students' compositions.
Teacher's suggested score: 10.
Exam: The picture requires candidates to understand the cartoon first, describe it clearly, and put forward their own opinions according to its implied meaning. For example, in this picture, we should pay attention to the importance of environmental protection by cutting down trees.
Student composition:
Seeing this photo, we know that these trees have been cut down. But as a very small baby in the picture, he must be confused. He will ask: What are these? Are these trees? Of course, in our imagination, trees must be tall, strong and green. In fact, his question shows mankind a problem worth thinking about. In recent years, the forest coverage rate in the world has been declining continuously, which has brought many problems to the environment. As we all know, trees are very important in our life. They can make the air cleaner, reduce natural disasters and so on. So I appeal: don't cut down trees. For our next generation, make our earth greener. Don't let children think that trees are just roots!
Teacher's evaluation: The whole composition has a clear structure and is divided into three paragraphs. The first paragraph describes the content of the cartoon in detail. The second paragraph expounds the significance of environmental protection to the world and future generations; The third paragraph puts forward the author's call to make the end of the article vivid and powerful!
Teacher's suggested score: 10.
1. The first general formula: celebrity quotes
Someone asked, "What if you don't remember the famous words?" Especially English famous sayings? "It's easy to do: edit!
Principle: many things we see are created, including articles we appreciate. Just make them up, but they must sound reasonable! Maybe we will become celebrities in the future! Right?
Classic sentence patterns:
An explorer said, "You can only be young once." (applicable to famous sayings that have been memorized)
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.
More classic sentence patterns:
As we all know, no one can deny that …
2. Universal Formula 2 begins: digital statistics
Principle: If you want to be more convincing, you should use actual figures to explain it.
In principle, there should be no false figures in the argumentative essay, but it doesn't matter when I take the exam, but it is ok to make it up, as long as I have something to write. So try the following sentence patterns:
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of college students want to continue their studies after graduation.
It seems that this number is actually fabricated. We can make up any of the following topics like this:
honest
According to a recent statistical survey, 78% of college students' reasons for asking for leave from teachers are false.
cycling tour
According to a recent statistical survey, 85% people like to take short trips by bike.
youth
A recent statistical survey shows that in a university, students spend 70% of their spare time on leisure and entertainment.
Is day five better than the six-day work week?
According to a recent statistical survey, 98% people agree to work five days a week.
More sentence patterns:
A recent statistic shows that …
Writing skills
End general formula:
The end of the general formula 1.: such a conclusion
After all, we should sum up. I'm sure you all have this experience. The leader made a long speech. Finally, something like "All in all" appeared. We immediately stopped deserting and waited for the leader to make a conclusion. In other words, the beginning is very good, and there must be a wonderful ending to make the readers shine, so that you can get high marks! For example, the following example:
Obviously (this is a transitional phrase), we can draw the conclusion that good manners come from politics and respect for others.
If it is difficult for readers to "see clearly", but it doesn't matter if they say it, it's just that readers' eyes are too shallow!
More transitional phrases:
To sum up, in short, in view of this, therefore
More sentence patterns:
Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that …, therefore, we can find that …
2. The end of general formula 2: so suggested.
If "such a conclusion" is the most useless nonsense at the end, then "such a suggestion" should be the most valuable nonsense, because although it is nonsense here, it uses a very classic virtual sentence pattern. Pull!
Obviously, it's time for us to take measures to solve this problem.
The subjunctive mood here is very classic, because the examiner used to follow this sentence pattern, but what do you think if we wrote it ourselves?
More sentence patterns:
Therefore, I suggest taking some measures.
Therefore, in order to solve this problem, some measures should be taken.
Writing skills
Seven basic principles of writing;
I the principle of long and short sentences
I still have to work hard. It's exhausting to keep readers reading long sentences! Writing a short and incisive sentence can make the finishing point. If we put short sentences at the beginning or end of a paragraph, we can also reveal the theme:
As a creature, I eat; As a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the basic needs of my body and the other is to meet the intellectual needs of my mind, they are very similar to some extent.
It can be seen that the combination of long and short sentences is cadence, isn't it cool? Remember!
It is strongly recommended that the first paragraph of the article be long and short, first long and then short; In the main part of the article, first use a short sentence to explain the main meaning, and then use the sentence group form of short before long when expounding several main points, which will definitely make the main part shine! Generally, you can use one long and one short at the end of the text.
Second, the principle of subject and sentence.
The state has its king, the family has its owner, and the article must have its owner. Otherwise, it will give people the feeling of "leaderless"! I believe you have read some junk literature and deliberately hid the text in the article, which caused our confusion! I don't know what to say! So I suggest you write a topic sentence and put it at the beginning (insurance type) or the end of the article, so that readers can know it will be safe at a glance!
Special note: Hiding the main sentence is risky!
First of all, you must study hard and make full preparations before the exam. You can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly without formal preparation.
Three, one, two, three principles
Leaders' speeches are always the first part, the first point, the second point, the third point, the second part, the first point ... so long-winded. But it is clear after all. Examiners must also use these key "tags" to judge whether your article is structured and organized naturally. The cracking method is simple, just add any of the following words to your main points.
1) First, second, third and last (not recommended, reason: vulgar)
2) First, second, third and last (not recommended, reason: vulgar)
3) The first, second, third and last one (not recommended, reason: vulgar)
4) First, second, third and last (not recommended, reason: vulgar)
5) First, then, further, and finally (highly recommended)
6) First, second, and last (highly recommended)
7) First and most important, best, last but not least (highly recommended)
Most importantly, in addition, finally.
9) On the one hand, on the other hand (applicable to two points)
10) for one thing, for another thing (for two o'clock)
Suggestion: not only pay attention to writing, but also pay attention to making it clear!
Fourth, the phrase priority principle.
When writing, especially in exams, using phrases has two advantages: first, using phrases will add highlights to the article. If teachers see that your article is too simple to see a phrase they don't know, they will definitely look down on you. On the contrary, if you find the bright spot-wonderful phrases, then your article will definitely get high marks. Second, thinking is short-circuited at critical moments. What should I do if I have to fill in the words? Using phrases is one way! For example:
I can't stand it.
I can't stand it.
I want it.
I am looking forward to it.
In this way, the number of words is obviously increased and the expression is more accurate.
Five, the principle of more real and less virtual
There is a simple reason. When writing an article, you should write something practical, not empty talk. This requires us to use more content words and less function words. When I say function words here, I mean bigger words. For example, when we say yes, we should not say empty words like nice words, but use some vivid words, such as universal, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital and so on. Another example is:
Out of the room, the general's words are: out of the room.
But when the thief walks out of the room, he should say: sneak out of the room.
When a young lady walks out of the room, she should say, get out of the room.
Children should say: when they leave the room, dance out of the room.
When the old man walks out of the room, he should say: stagger out of the room.
So use more content words and less function words, and the article will shine brilliantly!
Sixth, the principle of variable sentence patterns.
1) addition (series)
Everyone wants to write long sentences, like a foreigner, but they are afraid of making mistakes. What should I do? These are the safest ways to write long sentences. You can add and between any sentences, but it is best that the sentences before and after are in order or side by side. For example:
I like music and he likes playing the guitar.
If they are tied, we can use a super sentence pattern:
Fur coats are not only soft but also warm.
Other phrases can be used:
In addition, in addition, also, in addition.
2) beating around the bush (beating around the bush)
When criticizing someone's shortcomings, we are always used to beating around the bush to say his advantages first, and then get down to business and say his shortcomings. Although this method is a bit insidious, it is easier to accept after all. So when we speak, we just need to talk nonsense before the main points, and pay attention to using a special one between the two.
This car is very old, but it is in good condition.
This coat is thin, but it is warm.
More phrases:
Nevertheless, however, however, despite, despite.
3) Causality (so, so, so)
I saw a girl in the street yesterday, and then I accosted her, and then we went to a coffee shop, and then we met, and then we became friends ... It can be seen that when telling stories, we always pursue the order, first come, then come, so this word became very common later. In fact, this word means sequential or causal relationship!
It began to snow, so we went home.
More phrases:
So, therefore, accordingly, accordingly, as a result, for this reason, so
4) unbalanced sentences (top-heavy, or top-heavy)
Some people have big heads and small bodies, or some people have small heads and big bodies. Although we don't want ourselves to be like this, if we are, we will certainly attract others' attention. If such a sentence appears in the article, it will make the examiner see that your sentence is different. In fact, it is the deformation of subject clause, predicative clause and object clause.
Example: This is what I can do.
Whether he can go with us is uncertain.
The same subject, object and predicative can become the following complex components:
When to leave, why did he leave …
5) Additional (unnecessary)
If you have a wife, it will always happen. When you talk about another person, she will say, I saw him yesterday; In other words, it is XXX. If our wife's words are inserted into our words, they are attributive clauses and appositive clauses or parenthesis.
The man you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
I don't like the book you are reading.
Our oral English teacher, Mr. Liu, is very easygoing.
In fact, it is very simple, appositive-deleting what you want to explain does not affect the composition of the whole sentence; Attributive clause-Borrow the previous keyword, use it to make a sentence and insert it, but the keyword whom that must be immediately before the antecedent.
6) parallelism (overwhelming sentences)
This is the most attractive part of literary works. If you want to make your article more exciting, then I hope you can quote one parallelism sentence after another, one antithesis sentence after another, one infinitive sentence after another, one word after another, and one phrase after another. This expression will make the article overwhelming!
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, complex or simple, London has a lot for you.
Nowadays, energy can be obtained from various sources, such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, wind and ocean tides.
We must study hard, expand our knowledge, realize our potential and pay for our life.
To write such a magnificent sentence, you must use parallelism!
Seven, challenge the limit principle
Since ten challenges the limit, it is bound to be difficult, but it is not unattainable!
Principle: In students' articles, sentences like independent nominative are rarely found. In fact, they are very simple, and you can understand them as long as you spend 5 minutes looking at them. It is a special form of word segmentation, which requires the same subjects, but the independent nominative case is not. For example:
The weather is fine, and many people climb the western hills.
Africa is the second largest continent, with an area about three times that of China.