(1)The meaning of rules.

First of all, any law is an inherent connection in the movement of things.

As the law of the development of things, the connection is not imposed on things by people from the outside, nor is it given to things by human subjective consciousness, nor is it created by God, but is inherent in the development process of things. .

Idealists deny that laws are inherent connections between things themselves, and regard laws as things imposed on things by external forces. Some idealists claim that laws are imposed on things by "objective spirit". The "laws" they call are actually just synonyms for "fate" and "divine will." Some idealists believe that laws are the product of human subjective spirit. They say that nature is originally a mess with no rules. It is "human reason that legislates nature", so that nature has rules. These views are obviously wrong. The law of gravity is neither a product of "objective spirit" nor a "law" established by Newton for nature. Before Newton discovered it, it existed objectively in nature and acted with irresistible force.

Secondly, any law is the essential connection in the movement of things.

Things in the world are universally connected, and the forms of connections are infinitely diverse. There are connections between phenomena and connections between essences. Not all connections are laws. The connections as laws are not the connections between phenomena that appear on the surface of things, but the essential connections hidden in the phenomena of things. Essential connection is relative to non-essential connection. It is the internal connection of objective things and the connection that plays a major and decisive role in the existence and development of things. This kind of connection reflects the intrinsic and fundamental nature of the thing itself and runs through the entire development process of the thing, and is different from the external, superficial and phenomenal connection of the thing.

Thirdly, any law is an inevitable connection in the movement of things.

In the development process of things, some connections are definite connections that are bound to occur, and some connections are accidental and uncertain connections that may or may not appear, and may appear this way or that way. contact. Laws are inevitable connections between things, not accidental connections. Only the unshakable and inevitable connection in the change and development of things can become a law.

Laws are essential connections, not phenomena. But the law and its phenomena are closely related. Laws are stable and profound things in phenomena, which are hidden deep inside things; phenomena are the external manifestations of laws,

Laws must be expressed through phenomena, and phenomena and laws are unified in similar things. . Phenomenon is a guide for people to understand the laws. Only when people understand the phenomena can they reveal the laws with the help of abstract thinking.

Finally, laws are stable connections in the movement of matter, rather than changeable and perishable connections.

(2) The law is universal.

Nature, human society and human thinking all follow their inherent laws in the process of their movement, change and development. Material movement without rules does not exist, and a world without rules is inconceivable.

The textbook quotes Gou Zi’s famous sayings to reveal that there are regularities in nature and human society.

◇Classroom practice: "The changes of heaven and earth, cold and heat, wind and rain, floods, droughts, locusts, all have their own laws." This shows that ( )

A. The motion of macroscopic celestial bodies is regular B. The changes and development of things in nature are regular.

C. The change and development of human society is regular D. The development of human understanding is regular.

Answer: B Analysis: The central meaning of the question mainly reflects that the changes and development of things in nature are unshakable;

Laws, so Choose B.

2. Laws are objective.

◇Classroom exploration: (1) Why can’t a “perpetual motion machine” be manufactured?

(2) What enlightenment does Joule’s success give us?

◇ Research tips: (1) A "perpetual motion machine" cannot be manufactured because this idea violates the law of conservation of energy and is unscientific from the beginning.

(2) Joule’s success has inspired us to respect science, respect laws, and act in accordance with objective laws.

(1) The objectivity of the rules.

It means that the existence and functioning of laws are not dependent on human subjective will. This has two meanings: First, it means that the existence of laws is not dependent on human subjective will. Regardless of whether people admit it or like it, it exists objectively. The second refers to whether the rules work or not, and it does not depend on people's subjective will. Whether the law works or not, the key lies in whether the conditions for the law to take effect exist. When the conditions for the law to work exist, the law will inevitably work. When the conditions for the law to take effect do not exist, the law does not work.

(2) The objectivity of the law also means that it can neither be created nor destroyed.

Laws are inherent, essential, inevitable and stable connections in the movement of things. People cannot create an objectively non-existent law according to their own will, nor can they transform or eliminate it while it is still in effect. The laws can only change with changes in the nature, content and objective conditions on which the objective things themselves depend, but cannot be changed arbitrarily by human subjective will.

(3) The objectivity of the law is outstanding in that it cannot be defied.

The inevitable connection of the law shows that it is an iron law and is mandatory. People cannot think about problems or do things contrary to the rules, otherwise, they will definitely be punished by the rules. The inviolability of laws effectively proves that the laws are objective.

The objectivity and universality of laws require us to follow the laws and not violate them.

◇Classroom practice: "The movement of heaven is constant, and it will not exist for Yao, nor will it perish for Jie." The philosophical truth embodied is ( )

A. The laws are objective and not dependent on human will. B. Everything is based on reality.

C. The movement of things is regular. D. The contradiction is universal

Answer: A Analysis: Items B, c, and D do not meet the requirements of the question, so choose A.

3． Laws can be recognized and utilized.

(1) People can understand the rules.

For example: through abstract thinking, people discovered that the complex chemical elements in the objective world are regular, thus discovering the periodic law of their change; people also used abstract thinking to discover from the dazzling commodity exchanges Marx also made an abstract analysis of a large number of complex social phenomena and realized that production relations must adapt to the development of productive forces, which is the fundamental law that promotes the development of human society.

(2) People can take advantage of laws.

Historically, there are allusions to "borrowing arrows from straw boats" and "cooking men to untie oxen", as well as the pioneering work of the ancients in building Dujiangyan, and even the miracles of modern people's "ship to the sky" and the "Three Gorges Project". These are all examples of people using laws to benefit mankind. People's use of laws is reflected in two aspects:

① People can use their understanding of laws to foresee the trends and directions of the development of things and guide practical activities, such as "borrowing arrows from straw boats" and "eating cows from cooks" , predicting the return of comets, sending satellites into predetermined orbits, etc. These are all typical examples of using the understanding of laws to foresee the trends and directions of the development of things, thereby effectively guiding practical activities and achieving the expected goals.

② People can use their understanding of laws to change or create conditions to limit the scope of the destructive effects of certain laws, so that people will be less harmed by them or protected from them, until harm is turned into benefit. Benefit humanity. For example, the Dujiangyan Irrigation System built by Li Bing and his son is an outstanding example of the working people in ancient my country using discipline to benefit mankind.

What needs to be pointed out in particular is that people’s understanding and utilization of laws does not mean changing or creating laws. Laws cannot be changed or created.