2. I will briefly tell you about the stages and representative figures in the history of western philosophy. If you want to know more about philosophers, please read the History of Western Philosophy or refer to this link:
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3. There are differences in the stages of philosophy, but almost all of them divide the history of western philosophy into three periods, namely, ancient Greek philosophy (including Hellenistic period and ancient Roman philosophy), medieval philosophy and modern philosophy. The following are introduced respectively:
(1). Ancient Greek philosophy period
This period began with Thales of Humily DuDu School and ended with Neo-Platonism before medieval philosophy.
During the period of ancient Greek philosophy, some people divided it into two small periods (roughly divided by Socrates), while others divided it into three small periods (namely, ancient Greek period, Hellenistic period and ancient Rome period).
Main philosophers or schools: Miletus School (Theory of Three Represents Theory: Thales, anaximander, Anaximenes), Elijah School (main representatives: parmenides, Zhi Nuo), Heraclitus, Pythagoras (School), empedocles, Anacker sagra, Democritus, etc. They mainly discuss natural philosophy issues, such as the origin of the world. Then the period of the wise, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, Stoicism, Pyrrho's skepticism, Plotinus's neo-Platonism, and so on; They began to discuss knowledge, ethics and other philosophies involving people themselves. The philosophy of ancient Greece after Aristotle belongs to Hellenistic period and ancient Rome period.
(2) medieval philosophy
Medieval philosophy is divided into two smaller periods: the period of godfather philosophy and the period of scholasticism (there are other classifications). Medieval philosophy, characterized by philosophy supporting Christian teachings. The two most important philosophers in this period were Saint Augustine and Thomas Aquinas, who respectively represented Platonism and Aristotle-style Christianity. Other famous philosophers include Saint Anselmus, Abelard, Dunscootes, ockham and roger bacon.
(3) Modern philosophy
There are different opinions on the further stage of modern philosophy, and it is difficult to divide it into stages. But it can be roughly divided into rationalism and empiricism, and their fusion or transformation in German idealism philosophy.
The main philosophers of rationalism camp: Bruno, Francis Bacon, Hobbes, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, etc. The main philosophers of empiricism camp: John Locke, Becquerel, Hume, etc. The main philosophers of German idealism: Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, Schopenhauer and so on.
As for the history of contemporary western philosophy, I won't introduce it here, because these philosophies lack the test of time. In addition, as a beginner, it is best to read more about the history of western philosophy, and hearsay is not good. Even if you ask someone else, but you don't have the ability to judge the answer, how positive are you?