Mozi's universal love is unconditional love, so he stresses non-aggression and non-violence. He also likes to meddle. Whenever he hears that there will be a war, he and his students will go out to make peace. Mozi and his students deserve the Nobel Peace Prize. Yang Zhu's theory contradicts Mozi's universal love. He talks about self-interest, and there is a famous saying that "pulling out a hair is beneficial to the world, not for yourself". Mencius once said; If the world doesn't return to Yang, it will return to ink; if it doesn't return to ink, it will return to Yang. It can be seen that Mozi and Yang Zhu were outstanding scholars at that time, but unfortunately their theories disappeared. Mozi still has some words preserved, and Yang Zhuxue's theory disappeared most thoroughly, leaving nothing behind.
Why did their theory disappear? This is even directly related to the content of their theory.
Mozi talks about universal love, and the emperor certainly doesn't like it. People can, should and must love their country. I thought it was "every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world". People have responsibilities and obligations. When the country is in trouble, they should take responsibility, and when the people are in trouble, they should do their duty. As for people's rights, you can talk about it, never talk about it. The emperor only needs the people to be patriotic, and patriotism means loving me. But Mozi actually asked the country to love the people and everyone, which is a bit annoying. If this fraternity continues, where is the emperor's privilege? What's the point of calling yourself king?
Therefore, the fire of Qin Shihuang will definitely burn Mozi's theory. No, not burning is not enough to calm the emperor's anger.
As for Yang Zhu's theory, it is even worse. Because he actually wants to talk about self-interest. People say self-interest, so who will be patriotic? Who will love me? Who will contribute to the country and fulfill its obligations? Who will be responsible for the country?
What makes Yang Zhu's theory annoying is not just advocating egoism. To make matters worse, Yang Zhu discovered the relationship between two important countries and peoples.
First of all, compared with the people, the country has a moral advantage. The state can solemnly ask the people to contribute, sacrifice, be responsible and do their duty for the country, and there is no reason why the people should not do so. Otherwise, it will lose its moral foundation and be condemned. For example, they are accused of being traitors, traitors, unruly, selfish, bandits and bandits.
Second, in addition to having natural moral advantages, the state also has legal violence machines, such as the army and the police. In the name of morality, coupled with violent machines, if the state power is not bound by any restrictions, it will easily harm the interests of the people. In fact, it has been hurt for more than two thousand years, to the extreme. Moreover, it harms the interests of the people for extremely magnificent reasons and morally absolutely correct reasons. Yang Zhu discovered this problem and put forward the concept of "self-interest". It is necessary to limit the rights of the state and protect the interests of the people. So his self-interest is not self-interest, but respect for personal interests. When individual interests are not guaranteed, the country actually loses its legitimacy, and in fact, the national interests are not guaranteed. The western capitalist revolution solved this problem.
As you can see, Yang Zhu's theory is even more disliked by the emperor. It's amazing that this boy talks about egoism. So it's not incomprehensible that Yang Zhu's book was completely burned. It is natural that our culture in China lacks the protection and embodiment of personal interests!