Lingdingyang: that is, "Lingdingyang", now the Pearl River Estuary south of Zhongshan, Guangdong Province. Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan army in December of the first year of Xiangxing's reign (1278), the last emperor of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Bing. Commander Zhang Shijie. So Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem. "Hard work" sentence: recalls the early life and various hardships since becoming an official. Encounter means to be selected by the imperial court; Qiyijing means to pass the imperial examination and get an official position because of proficiency in a certain scripture. Wen Tianxiang became the first Jinshi in the fourth year of Emperor Lizong Baoyou's reign (1256) in the Song Dynasty. Gang Ge Liao Luo: Liao Luo means deserted and sparse. This means that the war between the Song and Yuan Dynasties is coming to an end. Gange, two kinds of weapons, here refers to war. Solitary, desolate and desolate. The Southern Song Dynasty died this year (1279) and was unable to resist at this time. Zhou Xing: The Zhou star is the Sui star. The Sui star circulates in the sky for twelve years, so the Zhou star refers to the twelve years. The four stars are forty-eight years. Wen Tianxiang was forty-four when he wrote this poem. The four stars here are in whole numbers. Most of the old annotations refer to the four years since Wen Tianxiang responded to the imperial edict of King Qin in 1275. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, as they are the poet's review of his life experiences. The sentence "Mountains and Rivers": Uses rhetorical techniques of duality and metaphor to connect the fate of the country and the fate of the individual, vividly showing the precarious political situation, indicating that the national situation and personal fate are irreversible. Feng Piaoxu: Use metaphorical rhetoric to describe the situation of the country like catkins floating away, irreversible; Yu Daping: It is a metaphor for one's own bumpy life experience, like a duckweed in the rain, drifting without roots, rising and sinking. "Life experience" means life experience. Panic Beach: In today's Ganjiang River in Wan'an, Jiangxi Province, the current is very fast and dangerous, and it is one of the eighteen beaches of the Ganjiang River. In the second year of Jingyan's reign (1277), Emperor Ruizong of the Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Kongqian, Jiangxi Province, and retreated to Fujian via the panic beach. "Ling Ding" sentence: Looking lonely and helpless, lamenting the current situation and being alone and helpless. After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in a warship in Lingding Ocean. History: In ancient times, when writing on bamboo slips, the bamboo slices were first roasted with fire to prevent them from being eaten by insects. Because the water in the bamboo slips evaporates like sweat, the slips are called history, and they are also called finals. This refers specifically to historical records. Keep your loyal heart and illuminate history: Keep your loyalty and loyalty and shine forever in the annals of history. Loyal heart: red heart, a metaphor for loyalty. History: refers specifically to the annals of history.

Translation

Translation Yi relied on his own hard work to master a kind of scripture, finally achieved fame, and began a turbulent and arduous political career; since he led the rebel army to fight against the Yuan soldiers, after It lasted four full years of hardship. The great rivers and mountains of the motherland were shattered by the enemy's invasion, like catkins blown away by strong winds; my own life experience was also turbulent, like duckweed tossed and tossed by heavy rain. Thinking of the defeat in Jiangxi and the scene of evacuating from the panic beach, the dangerous rapids and severe situation still make people panic; thinking of the entire Wulingpo army being wiped out last year and being trapped in the enemy's hands, and now in the vast Lingding Ocean, I can only lament my loneliness. Since ancient times, who has never died? Sacrifice your life for your country, die a worthy death, and leave this sincere heart to illuminate history! Translation 2 The original poem of Ding Yang after Ling Ling

Recalling the hard work I went through in my early years from the imperial examination to becoming an official, it has been four years since the war ended. The country's dangers are like catkins in a strong wind, and personal life experiences are like duckweeds in a shower. The disastrous defeat in Panpantan makes me still panic. Ling Dingyang was trapped in Yuanlu, but I was lonely and alone. Who has been able to live forever since ancient times? I want to leave a piece of patriotic loyalty to reflect history. Translation 3 The hard life experience started when I was studying and becoming an official. I fought hard with the Yuan army for four years with a weak force. The country of the Song Dynasty was fragmented, like the catkins blown away by the wind. My life rose and fell, like the duckweed beaten by the rain in the water. Last year I expressed my fear on the beach, but now I lament my loneliness on the lonely ocean. Since ancient times, who can never die? After death, leave behind a heart that is loyal to the country and illuminate the annals of history. Translation 4: I was selected as an official by the imperial court because of my reading of scriptures and passing the imperial examination. Four years have passed in frequent anti-Yuan battles. The state of the Song Dynasty was in danger like catkins in the wind. Portrait of Wen Tianxiang

My life has been rough, like a duckweed floating in the rain without roots, rising and sinking. The disastrous defeat at Panpantan makes me still terrified. Being trapped in Yuanlu at Lingxiayang makes me feel lonely and alone. Since ancient times, who can never die? After death, I will leave this heart of loyal service to the country to illuminate the annals of history.

Edit this paragraph to appreciate the poems

Appreciation 1

This poem was written by Wen Tianxiang after he was captured and he vowed to die to clarify his ambition. In one or two sentences, the poet looks back on his life, but due to space limitations, the way of writing is to cite one and two events, one and the last, and summarize the rest. The four sentences in the middle closely follow "There are few battles" and clearly express the author's understanding of the current situation: the country is in a precarious situation, the tragedy of national subjugation is inevitable, and it is even more difficult to talk about personal destiny.

But in the face of this great change, what the poet thought of was not his personal way out and future, but his deep regret that he failed to achieve military victory in Konghang two years ago and thus reverse the situation. At the same time, I also felt particularly sad about my isolation and helplessness. From the lines, it is not difficult for us to feel the author's desolate mood intertwined with the great pain of the destruction of his country and his family, self-blame, and self-lament. The last two sentences are the poet's unhesitating choice of his own destiny when he is trapped in the enemy's hands. This adds a tragic and passionate strength and confidence to the previous emotions and regrets, showing a unique sublime beauty. This is not only a reflection of the poet's personality charm, but also the unique spiritual beauty of the Chinese nation. Its touching qualities go far beyond the scope of language.

Appreciation 2

This is a poem that will last forever. The poem begins with a review of life experience. It is intended to imply that you have been tempered for a long time and are fearless no matter what hardships and hardships you have. Then I recounted my combat career: I spent four years in a desolate and desolate war environment. Linking personal destiny to the rise and fall of the country. Three or four sentences continue to express the development of the situation and the deep sorrow and indignation from both the national and personal aspects. This couplet has neat contrasts and appropriate metaphors, truly reflecting the social reality at that time and the poet's experience. National disasters, personal ups and downs, and all kinds of pain tortured the poet's feelings, making his words doubly sad. The five or six sentences are deeper and deeper, using typical events in the encounter to once again show the poet's painful soul trembling due to the destruction of the country and personal danger. The last two sentences converge the whole article with majestic momentum, and write a heroic oath of preferring death to surrender. The meaning is that since ancient times, how can there be immortality in life? As long as this patriotic loyalty can be left to shine in the annals of history. This famous saying that has been passed down through the ages is a hymn to an ideal life composed by the poet with his own blood and life. The tone of the whole poem is melancholy and solemn, and the awe-inspiring righteousness runs through the rainbow. It is indeed a great patriotic poem that moves the heaven and the earth and weeps ghosts and gods.

Appreciation 3

Once the hardships are encountered, only a few stars are scattered around. ” The author, facing the critical moment of life and death, recalled his life with a lot of emotions. He grasped two major things, one was to become an official with Ming Jing, and the other was to be "King of Diligence". Starting from these two ends, the historical background and personal mood at that time were well written. "There are only a few fights" refers to the overall situation of the country. According to the "History of the Song Dynasty", the imperial court recruited soldiers from all over the world, but there were very few who held high the flag of righteousness and sacrificed their lives for the country like Wen Tianxiang. The author's use of the words "little fighting" implies his anger towards those who are living an ignoble existence and his condemnation of the capitulationists! If the first couplet is recounted from the vertical aspect, then the jaw couplet is exaggerated from the horizontal aspect. "The mountains and rivers are shattered, the wind is fluttering with catkins, and the life experience is ups and downs, and the rain is hitting the rafts." The author uses desolate natural scenes to metaphor the decline of the country's affairs, expressing his grief very deeply. The lonely ministers of a subjugated country are like rootless duckweeds floating on the water with nothing to rely on. This situation is already miserable enough. And the author added the word "rain" on top of "ping", which makes it even more miserable. This "life experience ups and downs" summarizes the author's arduous struggle and rough life. This couplet has neat contrasts, appropriate metaphors, vivid images, and strong emotions. Reading it makes people feel sad! Five or six sentences closely follow the previous meaning and further exaggerate the meaning. In the second year of Jingyan's reign (1277), after Wen Tianxiang's army was defeated by the Yuan soldiers, they retreated to Fujian from the Pankhoutan area. At that time, he faced the sea and was pursued by soldiers. How to survive the dangerous situation and turn defeat into victory was what he was most worried about and feared the most. Now that the army has been defeated, and as a prisoner, he is being escorted across the Lingding Ocean, how can he not feel lonely? This couplet is particularly full of emotion. The two emotionally charged place names "Fear Beach" and "Lingding Ocean" are naturally opposite to each other, and they are used by the author to express his "fear" of yesterday and the "Lingding" in front of him. It is really a good description. A swan song in the history of poetry! In the above six sentences, the author exaggerates the hatred of family and country, hardship and hardship to the extreme, and the sadness gathers into a climax, but the last couplet is opened in one stroke: "Who has never died in life since ancient times? Leave a loyal heart to illuminate history!" With majestic The momentum and high-pitched sentiment wrap up the whole article, showing his national integrity and his view of life and death of sacrificing one's life for righteousness. The wonderful ending makes the whole story change from sad to strong, from melancholy to uplifting, forming an immortal song. In this sentence, the author speaks directly from his heart, showing the poet's national integrity that he is willing to die generously for the country.

Edit this paragraph to influence future generations

It is a famous article that has permeated Changhong and inspired future generations. In particular, "No one has ever died in life since ancient times, leaving a loyal heart to illuminate history" which has influenced generations of patriots. and the general public. From the May 4th Movement to the Anti-Japanese War, in China, in Southeast Asia and overseas, whether in literary creation, drama performances or songs, you can often see "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" and other chapters, inspiring the cry of national sentiment. It has profound inspiration and far-reaching influence on the integrity of people with lofty ideals and the sincerity and literary talent of later generations.

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Wen Tianxiang (1236-1283 AD), male, Han nationality, patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, a native of Jishui, Jizhou (now part of Jiangxi), his original name was Yunsun, and his courtesy name was Tian. Xiang, later renamed Tianxiang, with the courtesy name Lushan and Songrui, a statue of Wen Tianxiang

He was named Wenshan and Fuxiu Taoist, and he was a famous general who fought against the Yuan Dynasty. The masterpiece "The Complete Works of Wenshan" includes "Song of Righteousness" and "Crossing the Lingding Ocean". Lizong Baoyou of Song Dynasty became a Jinshi. From the official to the prime minister, he wrote to the Duke of the country. When Lin'an was in danger, he recruited rebels in his hometown to resolutely resist the invasion of Yuan soldiers. Later, he was unfortunately captured. While in prison, he showed great righteousness and was eventually killed for his unyielding actions. His poems in his later years reflected his steadfast national integrity and tenacious fighting spirit.

Works with an impassioned style, desolation and solemnity, and strong appeal include "The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan" and "Wenshan Yuefu".

Edit the creative background of this paragraph

Duanzong succeeded to the throne

On the first day of May in the second year of Deyou (1276), King Yi ascended the throne in Fuzhou and changed Yuanjing Yan is Duanzong. King Guang of Jin was granted the title of King of Wei. Wen Tianxiang served as the privy envoy and governor of the army and horses. In July, Wen Tianxiang opened a governor's office in Nanjianzhou (now Nanping, Fujian). Many civil servants and generals from Fujian, Guangdong, and Jiangxi, local celebrities, and former members of King Qin's army came to serve. Wen Tianxiang sent people to various places to recruit troops and raise wages. Soon A governor's army was formed, which was much larger in scale and momentum than the Jiangxi King Qin's army last year. However, the inability of the ministers of the DPRK and China to deal with the enemy with one heart and one mind became a major hidden danger in the anti-Yuan military campaign.

Government in Exile

In October of the second year of Deyou, the imperial court ordered Wen Tianxiang to send troops to Tingzhou (now Changting, Fujian), but unfortunately the battle failed. Under the attack of the Yuan army, Nanjianzhou also fell into the hands of the enemy, and the capital Fu'an (ie Fuzhou) lost its barrier. Prime Minister Chen Yizhong and Deputy Privy Councilor Zhang Shijie were panic-stricken and hurriedly escorted Duanzong and King Wei into the sea to avoid the attack. Fu'an Prefecture immediately fell, and the Southern Song Dynasty's small court became a government-in-exile at sea.

Victory in southern Jiangxi

At the beginning of the second year of Jingyan (1277), the Yuan army advanced on Tingzhou, and Wen Tianxiang retreated to Meizhou, Guangdong (today's Meizhou, Guangdong). After reorganization, they set out from Meizhou in May and started the campaign to regain Jiangxi. Under Wen Tianxiang's leadership, Jiangxi's anti-Yuan military campaign was in full swing. The rebels from all sides cooperated with the governor's army to recapture Huichang, Yudu, and Xingguo respectively. Heroes from Fenning, Wuning, and Jianchang counties, as well as volunteers from Linchuan, Hongzhou, Yuanzhou, and Ruizhou came to request the governor to control . Wen Tianxiang unified the deployment, swept across southern Jiangxi, and recovered a large area of ??land.

Defeated and captured

In August of the second year of Jingyan, the Yuan army launched a large-scale attack. Due to the lack of combat experience and strict training, the governor's army was weak in combat effectiveness. Under the fierce attack of the Yuan army's cavalry, it ended dismally. Civil servants and generals were either sacrificed or arrested. Wen Tianxiang's family was left with only the young and old. Although Wen Tianxiang suffered a huge blow from the destruction of his country and his family and the separation of his wife and children, he did not waver in his will to resist the Yuan Dynasty. He led troops into Guangdong and continued to fight against the Yuan Dynasty in Chaozhou and Huizhou. On December 20, the first year of Xiangxing (1278), Wen Tianxiang was unfortunately captured by a Yuan army that attacked Wupoling. He committed suicide by swallowing two taels of brains (ie borneol), but the medicine failed and he failed to die for his country.

Crossing the Lingding Ocean

Marshal Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Dynasty led the land and sea armies directly to Guangdong to completely eliminate the Southern Song Dynasty government-in-exile. Wen Tianxiang was escorted by warships to Lingdingyang (now part of Guangdong Province) outside the Pearl River Estuary. Zhang Hongfan sent someone to ask Wen Tianxiang to write a letter to surrender Zhang Shijie. Of course, Wen Tianxiang refused to write a surrender letter, but he wrote a seven-character poem to express his intentions. This poem is "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" that has been remembered for thousands of years. The noble character of "No one has ever died in life since ancient times, but his loyalty will shine through history" has become a model for Chinese people for thousands of years.

The decisive battle of Yashan

Under the fierce offensive of the Yuan army, the Southern Song Dynasty government-in-exile fled to Xiushan (now Hutoushan in Humen, Dongguan, Guangdong). At the age of 11, Duanzong became ill due to fright and died of illness in Zhouzhou (now Zhanjiang City, Guangdong). Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu succeeded the 8-year-old King Wei to the throne and moved their court to the mountains in the sea in the south of Xinhui County (map of Guangdong Province). On the sixth day of February in the second year of Xiangxing (1279), the Song and Yuan Dynasties launched a thrilling naval battle on the sea. In the end, the Song army led by Zhang Shijie was defeated, and Lu Xiufu carried the little emperor on his back and crossed the sea to die.

Escorted to Dadu

After the Battle of Yashan, Wen Tianxiang was taken to Guangzhou. Zhang Hongfan said to him: "The Song Dynasty was destroyed, and all the loyalty and filial piety were done. Even if he committed suicide, who would record this in the history of the country? Prime Minister Wen turned to serve the Yuan Dynasty as he wished, and he will definitely be reused." Wen Tianxiang replied: "The country has perished. If you can't save him, as a minister, you will be guilty of death, so how can you have second thoughts?" In order to make him surrender, the Yuan Dynasty government decided to escort him to Dadu.

Edit the last couplet of this paragraph to express the author's thoughts and feelings

"Loyal heart" refers to a red and fiery heart. Generally speaking, "loyal heart" is used to describe people who are loyal to the country. "History" refers to historical books. In ancient times, before the invention of paper, military and state affairs could only be recorded on bamboo slips. However, the water in the bamboo slips had to be evaporated with fire first, so that it would be convenient to write and prevent insects from being eaten. Later generations used this method. By extension, the classics recording history are collectively called "history". The meaning of these two poems, "No one in life has died since ancient times, and his loyalty will be remembered by history." means that since ancient times, people are bound to die! But death must be meaningful. If you can be loyal to the country, you can still shine for thousands of years after your death and leave your name in history. Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang, Shi Kefa and Tan Sitong were all martyrs who were willing to sacrifice their lives and blood for the country and the people. Their heroic feelings are consistent with the poetic meaning of these two poems. So who wrote these two poems? At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Guangdong and captured by the Yuan army. He was taken to the north and imprisoned. He passed through Lingding Ocean on the way and wrote the poem "Crossing Lingding Ocean" to express the depression of the country and family. The second half of his poem is as follows - "I am scared on the beach, and I sigh alone in the ocean. No one has died since ancient times, and his loyalty is left to illuminate history." It expresses the author's patriotism, embodies his high integrity and his outlook on life of sacrificing one's life for righteousness.

After that, Wen Tianxiang was never moved by any coercion or inducement and generously went to justice!