(1) "Anna? Karenina
"All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way." -"Anna? Appreciation of Karenina's
Works: Anna? Karenina is one of the most important masterpieces of Tolstoy, a famous Russian writer. As soon as this work came out, it attracted people's attention. Dostoevsky, a contemporary Russian writer, even thought it was "a perfect work of art" and "nothing of its kind can be compared with it" in modern European literature. Anna? Karenina is indeed a great work. As a realistic writer, Tolstoy created an unparalleled picture of Russian social life in the 197s. The Russian poet Fett said that the author seems to have put the whole era into this novel.
reflecting the times: Anna? Karenina was written in the 197s (1873-1877), when Russia was in a period of great historical changes, and the ancient feudal landlords in Russia were violently impacted by the wave of capitalism in Western Europe. "Everything is upside down, and everything has just begun to be established." It means that the old order of feudal nobles has been reversed and the capitalist system has just begun to be established. In this historical period of the alternation of the old and the new, what attracted Tolstoy's attention most was the change of family and the fate of women. Family tragedies emerge one after another, and scenes unfold before his eyes, and the news that a woman committed suicide by lying on the track because of love problems particularly shocked and saddened him. This may be his creation of Anna? The direct cause of Karenina.
Writing process: Tolstoy really put a lot of effort into writing this novel. As early as 187, Tolstoy began to conceive this novel. He told his wife, "I think of a typical woman who comes from the upper class and is married but very painful." He said, "My task is to write this woman as pitiful and innocent." In 1873, he began to write. In a letter to his relatives, his wife said that his writing was "a novel based on modern life". The plot of the novel is "to describe an unfaithful wife and all the tragedies arising from it". He wrote according to this idea. At first, he wrote very smoothly, and the first draft only took about a month to complete. But it took him nearly five years to finish the novel. It was not until 1875 that novels began to be published in the Russian Herald. In 1878, the first singles came out. In this long creative process, he gradually expanded the scope of the theme, deepened the connotation of the theme and strengthened the intensity of the theme. As a result, this novel has developed from a family tragedy caused by a wife's unfaithfulness to a grand historical picture that reflects the vast and complex Russian social life in the 196 s and 197 s through telling family stories.
the influence on China's modern literature: Leo? Tolstoy's influence is enormous. The power of his thought and art has left its mark on the literary and ideological and cultural fields of all countries in the world. The famous Austrian writer Zweig put it well: Tolstoy's influence "is like a torrent from the center of heaven." ... Tolstoy's thoughts ... gave birth to various spiritual activities in the 2th century. " Anna? Karenina is the main force that produces this influence. Tolstoy's influence can be seen everywhere in China's modern literature. In Lu Xun's A Little Thing, there is Tolstoy-style introspection and repentance; In Bing Xin's A Melancholy Youth, the protagonist is very similar to Ilqianne in Teenager. The image of mother in Superman, another work of Bing Xin, can be said to be the embodiment of Tolstoy's love. Tolstoy's views on universal love, labor and human nature are reflected in Ye Shaojun's Ni Huanzhi, Mao Dun's Three Sides, Lu Yin's Old Friends by the Seaside, Wang Tongzhao's Smile, and Xu Dishan's Weaving Nets and Working Spiders. Many China writers have talked about Tolstoy's influence on him when talking about their own literary experiences.
Author's style: Tolstoy is the most complicated of all the great figures in the 19th century. -Gorky
Lev? Nikolayevich? Tolstoy (1828-191) is the greatest representative of Russian critical realism literature and one of the greatest writers in the history of world literature. Born in Yasnaya, Wen County, Crapiz, Tula Province on September 9, 1828? Pogliana. Tolstoy's family is a noble family, and his father is Nicholas? Count ilych, mother Maria? Nikolayev na is Nicholas? Thanks? Daughter of the Duke of Volkonsky. Tolstoy received a typical aristocratic family education since childhood, and studied in the Department of Oriental Languages of Kazan University, preparing to be a diplomat. The following year, he was transferred to the law department. His main works are autobiographical trilogy Childhood, Teenager and Youth, novella Morning of a Landlord and Cossack, and novels War and Peace and Anna? Karenina, Resurrection. The novels War and Peace and Anna? Karenina won him a high world reputation. Resurrection, written in the late 198s, is a summary of the author's life-long creation and ideological exploration.
(2) Appreciation of Gone with the Wind
Works: Gone with the Wind is a famous American woman writer Margaret? Michelle's novel is romantic and reflects the theme of the Civil War. The rebellious spirit and the spirit of hard work and self-improvement shown by the protagonist Scarlett have always fascinated readers. On the eve of the American Civil War, 16-year-old Miss Scarlett from Tara, Georgia, fell madly in love with her neighbor Ashley? Wilkes. After the war broke out, Ashley and his cousin Melanie? Hamilton got married, and Scarlett got angry and married Charles, whom she didn't love. Soon, Charles died in the war and Scarlett became a widow. At a fund-raising dance, she and Rhett? Captain butler met. As the war approached Atlanta, Scarlett fled Atlanta with the help of Captain Rhett and returned to Tara. Seeing that the former manor has become a ruin, Scarlett is determined to revive her home and do whatever it takes. Soon, Scarlett's second husband, Frank, died in a duel, and she was widowed again. Rhett loved Scarlett sincerely and passionately, and soon Scarlett married Rhett. Although Rhett has similar temperament characteristics to her to attract her, at the same time, she is still infatuated with Ashley she once loved. Rhett left Scarlett with sadness, but Scarlett realized that Rhett was the only one who could really love her.
style of the author: Margaret? When Gone with the Wind, written by Michelle (19-1949), came out, it immediately caused a sensation all over the world, which was unexpected by the author. She has only written this novel in her life, but this novel alone has made her a household name. Some people describe that Michelle slept at night and was unknown, but woke up the next morning and became the number one celebrity in the country. One after another, he won the Bonipeg Memorial Award in 1938, the new york Southern Society Gold Medal in the same year, and the Doctor of Literature degree from Smith Women's College in 1939. Michelle was born in Atlanta, Georgia on November 8, 19. Her father was a historian and was the president of the Historical Society of Atlanta. Michelle studied medicine at Smith Women's College in Northampton, Massachusetts, Washington High School. After her mother's death, she took care of her father and brother and dropped out of school to go home. In 1922, he served as a reporter columnist for Atlanta Daily, and later left his job due to an ankle injury. Influenced by her family since childhood, Michelle always likes to delve into history. After she resigned, she began to study the history of the Civil War from 1861 to 1865. Michelle wanted to reflect her research experience and achievements in the form of novels. After ten years of hard work, the novel Gone with the Wind was finally finished. The publication of the novel immediately caused a sensation in the world.
(3) Jane? Appreciation of Love
Works: In 1847, Jane? After the publication of Love, London was a sensation, and the author Charlotte? Bronte's contemporary famous writer Thackeray praised it as "the masterpiece of a great genius". Jane? Love describes the heroine's spiritual course of pain, suffering, resistance and pursuit. Jane? Love is short and ugly, but she has a rich emotional world. She has always been humble, maintained her personal dignity and won Rochester's respect and admiration. Despite all the hardships, Jane? Love finally listened to the call of the heart and returned to Rochester, who lost everything and was blind in a fire. Two hearts that sincerely love each other are happily combined. Jane? The success of Love lies in the creation of the heroine Jane Eyre. Love this artistic image. Charlotte had two sisters Emily? Bronte and Anne? Bronte said: "I want to write a heroine for you to see. She is as plain and short as me, but she should be as interesting as any heroine you write." Contrary to the traditional way of writing, the author has successfully created a new type of woman image with no outstanding appearance and determined to pursue equal and independent personality.
style of the author: Charlotte? Bronte (1816-1855) was an outstanding British woman writer in the 19th century. She was as famous as Dickens and Thackeray, and was praised by Marx as an "outstanding school" of British novelists. Sister Emily? Bronte (author of Wuthering Heights), Anne? Bronte is well-known in the literary world, and is also called "Bronte Three Sisters".
Charlotte was born in a poor country priest's family. When I was a child, I was sent to an orphanage. After I left the orphanage, I worked as a tutor, and then I continued to go to school and taught English in boarding schools. Charlotte likes literature and writing since childhood. In 1846, he shared the pen name "Bell" with his two sisters and published his first book of poetry at his own expense. Jane in 1847? The publication of Love caused a sensation in the literary world. The following year, her younger brother Branwell and younger sister Emily died one after another. Soon my little sister Anne also died. In order to forget the sadness of life, she devoted herself to writing, completing Shelley (1949), villette (1853) and The Teacher (1855).
(4) Appreciation of La Traviata
: This is a romantic love tragedy written by the famous French writer Dumas. Margaret is a social star in high society in Paris. Her extraordinary beauty and superior intelligence make her the object of pursuit of rich children. Margaret was deeply moved by Armand's sincerity and singleness since she met Armand, and they fell in love with each other. They lived a simple and unpretentious life in the suburbs of Paris, far from the bustling downtown. At this time, Armand's father begged Margaret to leave Armand for the sake of family reputation. Margaret left Armand for the happiness of Armand's family. Armand, who didn't know the inside story, repeatedly insulted and embarrassed Margaret. Faced with the heavy blow of life, she is even more disheartened about life. When Armand learned the truth and rushed to Margaret's side, she died alone in her apartment because of poverty and illness.
Author's Style: Dumas (1825-1895), a French novelist and playwright, is Dumas illegitimate child. As an illegitimate child, Dumas was ridiculed by others in his childhood and adolescence. As adults, it is the reality of French society that causes many insulted and injured women like their mother and son to decide to write to change social morality. La Traviata is his famous work. In 1852, he adapted it into a play of the same name and achieved greater success. Since then, Dumas has written more than 2 plays, and his realistic tendency is more distinct. Because of his own life experience, he has published many "problem plays" with the theme of illegitimate children. Besides La Traviata, his representative works include Semi-Upper Class, Money Problem, Illegitimate Child, Lady Aubrey's Opinion, Foreign Women, Denise and so on.
(5) The Love and Hatred of Monte Cristo
Appreciation of the works: The Love and Hatred of Monte Cristo is a novel of great length and popularity which is rare in the world. The novel is ingenious in conception, bizarre in plot twists and turns, gripping, and the whole story is full of legend. The story took place during the French Restoration. The hero, Dundees, is the first mate of the owner's merchant ship "The King of Egypt". He was arrested and imprisoned for 14 years for being falsely accused. In prison, he got to know the elder Faria, who turned him into a knowledgeable and omnipotent man and told him the location of the hidden treasure on Monte Cristo. When the elder died, Dundees managed to get into the sack wrapped in the prison and escape from the prison at Fort Yves. After he got out of prison, he got the treasure and became the Count of Monte Cristo, who was rich. He is determined to punish evil and promote good with money in the name of God, and repay kindness and revenge. He repaid the benefactor who had taken care of his father, the owner of the ship, Morel, and then skillfully punished all the enemies who framed him. The novel began to be serialized in Debate in Paris in 1845. As soon as it was published, it immediately caused a sensation in Paris. Gorky praised the novel as a "refreshing reading".
The birth of The Love and Hatred of Monte Cristo: Dumas especially loved reading romantic and legendary novels such as Arabian Nights and Robin Hood when he was young, and he developed a romantic character with a passion for fantasy since childhood. Later, I carefully studied the style of Scott's historical novels, and began to collect anecdotes and observe human customs everywhere in order to write popular novels. In 1842, he traveled in the Mediterranean and became interested in the island of Monte Cristo near the island of Elba. He linked this island with the case file of "The Diamond of Revenge" he found in the old archives of the Paris police in 1838 to brew a story, and thus "The Story of Monte Cristo" was born. After being serialized in Debate, The Story of Monte Cristo's Enjoyment and Hatred immediately caused a sensation, as crazy readers wrote to the newspaper from all directions to inquire about the hero's future experience. Readers who are tempted by curiosity even rush to the printing factory to "buy off" the printing workers in order to get a sneak peek at the story that was published in the newspaper the next day. A novel with a contemporary theme has such a "sensational effect" and its vitality is so tenacious that it is still loved by hundreds of millions of readers all over the world today after more than one hundred years. This situation is rare in the history of world literature.
style of the author:
Alexander? Dumas (182-187), known as Dumas in the world, is a representative of French romantic literature in the first half of the 19th century. His works are vivid in story, tortuous in plot and fascinating. Dumas was born in Villarreal-Colette on July 24th, 182. When I was young, I worked as a clerk and a clerk. Because I wanted to engage in literary activities, I quit my job and started literary creation and achieved remarkable results. Dumas' main literary achievement lies in his novel creation, and his representative works include The Three Musketeers (1844), The Queen Margo (1845) and The Revenge of Kidu Mountain (1845). Dumas wrote a lot in his life. Victor? Hugo commented on Dumas: "He is as refreshing as a thunderstorm in summer, and he is a likable person. He is thick clouds, thunder and lightning, but he has never hurt anyone. Everyone knows that he is as gentle and generous as the rain in the drought. "
(6) How Steel was Tempered
Appreciation: How Steel was Tempered is the representative work of the famous Soviet writer ostrovsky, one of the most representative masterpieces in Soviet literature and the most exciting in world literature.