Confucius said: "I 15 years old determined to study, and at the age of 30, I could stand by and watch the etiquette." At the age of 40, I will no longer be confused by the outside world. At the age of 50, I will understand the universe and life. At the age of 60, I can treat your opinions equally. At the age of 70, I can do whatever I want without exceeding the scope of moral etiquette. "
Let's take a look at Confucius' study report:
Five out of ten people are determined to study. Confucius was born in a noble family that was once brilliant and declined. By the time his father Liang Shu (hé) arrived, the situation was not ideal. After the death of his father, Confucius and his mother were pushed out by "big breasts" and moved to other places to live together, with limited expenses. When Confucius was young, he was not accepted by the powerful people at that time. When he attended Ji's party, he was ruthlessly rejected. But Confucius didn't give up on himself. He was interested in learning since he was a child. The content of learning is generally regarded as an ancient classic, and it is an inquiry into the truth of life in the universe, because if you make a living, you are forced by life and don't have to "aspire" to learn.
Stand at thirty. Now "30 years old" means 30 years old, which is the year of marriage. But in the Analects of Confucius, "Li" means "Li in ceremony". That is, to make achievements within the scope permitted by social morality and etiquette. We can see from the chronicle of Confucius that he founded a private school at the age of 30 and began to recruit students for the society. The registration fee is ten pieces of bacon. Explain that 30-year-old Confucius is already a knowledgeable and polite person. We should also see that Confucius was interested in learning at the age of 15, and it should be a logical shift to stand at the age of 30, which means that he has made achievements in morality and learning, learned something, and can apply what he has learned.
Forty is not confused. I am not confused or confused by the outside world, and I have formed my own independent opinions and life values. Few people can do this. I often hear friends say that "when people reach middle age, everything stops", which means "at the age of 30, you are very confused". People are good at doing things, and when they encounter adversity and temptation, they often shake their hearts. Confucius, on the other hand, has been able to do good deeds at the age of forty and is absolutely trustworthy.
Fifty knows the destiny. This is a key. Each annotation has a different understanding of fate. The Book of Changes says: "One yin and one yang are the Tao, and those who follow it are good, and those who succeed are also people." Explain that Tao is a combination of yin and yang, and Tao is self-generated. The Doctrine of the Mean says: "Destiny is the nature, truth is the way." Explain that destiny refers to the human body, that is, natural life and metaphysical life. Shuowen Jiezi says that the sky is "big", so the destiny is "big", and knowing the destiny means knowing the "big self". In the eyes of Buddhists, knowing destiny means "seeing nature clearly" and understanding the truth of life in the universe. It is not easy for Confucius to "know his destiny at fifty" without the guidance of a spiritual teacher, which shows that Confucius is indeed a born saint. After Confucius knew his destiny, he traveled around the world for fourteen years, but he didn't really become an official, which is very intriguing.
So fate and life are not the same thing? Do people have two lives? This question of "Who am I" is the focus of all religions and philosophies. Let's spend more time and discuss it a little.
Confucianism said: "The truth is the Tao, and the Tao is also true. You can't leave for a moment, but you can leave the Tao. " Visibility and Tao are one. Confucius said, "My Tao is consistent." This Tao is the noumenon that can reach heaven, earth and human life.
Buddhists believe that our body is a false combination of earth (tangible material property), fire (temperature), water (humidity) and wind (sports property), not the true self. The true self is the function that can activate hearing, sight, smell, taste, touch and thinking. He is big but nothing, small but nothing, just like the Three Buddhas. Everything in the world is like making vessels out of gold, and all vessels are made of gold. The reason is that nothing is unintentional because of this empty Buddha nature.
Taoist Laozi said: "Tao can be Tao, but it is extraordinary." The name can be named. It's very famous. The beginning of the unknown world. The famous mother of everything. "Tao gave birth to one. Life two. Two gives birth to three. Everything is born. " "Some things are born. Lonely, independent, walking around without danger, can be the mother of the world. I don't know its name, but it is a strong word. "Zhuangzi" says that "heaven and earth are born with me, and everything is one with me", which shows that the Taoist "Tao" also refers to the human-like ontology.
In fact, the "God" in Christianity also refers to Buddhism and Taoism. The Bible says that God created human beings and everything in the universe, just as Taoism says, "Heaven and earth are born with me, and everything is one with me." For example, the mind and things of Buddhism are unique, and everything is born with idealism. According to the Bible, someone asked Jesus: You are the son of God, can you make God appear to us? Jesus said to him, Why don't you believe? I am one with God. Therefore, the appellation of God, like Buddhism and Taoism, is only the appellation of the metaphysical function of human form. There are quite a few fools in the world who insist on studying the existence of "God". Even in the year of the donkey, there is no news.
The ancient legend of China Pangu's creation is just like the story of God's creation: in the distant Archaean, the universe was as dark as an egg. At this time, the great hero Pangu created the world: Yang ascended to heaven and Yin descended to earth. Pangu was worried about the reunion of heaven and earth, so he held his head high and changed. The sky is one foot high, the height is one foot, the ground is ten feet deep, and the body is ten feet long (as the Buddhist said: the big is nothing but the small is nothing, all over the world). By this time, Pangu had exhausted all his strength and slowly lay on the ground. Pangu's left eye becomes the sun and his right eye becomes the moon. ..... bones become trees and flowers, and teeth become stones and metals. Essence becomes pearls and jade, and sweat becomes rain and dew. Exhaled gas turns into clouds (as Taoism says: heaven and earth are born with me, and everything is one with me).
"Qi" is sometimes the concept of Tao in China's TCM theory and Taoist thought, also called "Qi". Huangdi Neijing pointed out that qi is the driving force for the growth and formation of all things in the universe. The Book of Changes Biography said: "It is too early to learn, and Kun does things." Han's Kang Bo Shu said: "He who knows the beginning acts as the qi of the sun. Everything begins with qi, so the cloud knows it as the beginning." After Nu Wa made man, he had to breathe "Qi" into the clay figurine, so that the clay figurine had vitality. Therefore, Qi also refers to the noumenon that people and the universe start various functions. Zhuangzi and Guanzi once specifically talked about Qi, pointing out that Qi is used to express the content of metaphysics. But qi can also be specific. Mr nan huaijin once compared "primordial energy" to "being able to heat light", which is very vivid. Qi is concentrated into essence, and essence is dispersed into qi, and this "qi" is a more specific spiritual feature expressed through relative refinement and spirituality. If you want to be Japanese, you can observe it from people's mental state, complexion and various physiological functions. Therefore, the real Qigong is also about life and death, and it is about the true colors of people.
There are many other nouns that represent Tao, such as sex, mind and heaven. If we understand this truth, we can also create a new term. Zhu has a set of "knowledge of reason", which we can call "dog ignores". Delicious and delicious, will be more popular.
To sum up, we know that what we usually think of as "I" is "self" or "false self". The real me is all over the world, blending everything in the world. He is pure and inaction, without opposition, only empathy. For example, we are different people, just like different light bulbs, which emit all kinds of light, not because of the light bulb, but because of the invisible current behind the light bulb. Confucius knows the destiny, which is equivalent to understanding that the light bulb shines because of the "current". Everything is easy to connect now.
Fate is the true face of man, but it is invisible. How to prove it? Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism all have their own practice methods to guide us to know and experience. Such as meditation, chanting, chanting, visualization, etc. Interested readers can study on their own. Confucius' understanding of fate is closely related to his innocence at the age of 40, his true belief in the law of cause and effect of human beings, his persistence in self-denial and propriety, and his persistence in death and goodness.
Sixty sounds good. Listen, not that there is nothing wrong with your ears, but that you can hear obedience and opposition equally, and equality is initiated. 50 years old is a watershed for Confucius to reach his destiny. After that, Confucius' persistent habit of "I" gradually faded, and he could treat others equally. There are many other explanations for "listening to others' words", such as "listening to others' words and knowing others' hearts" I'm here to listen to the report of Confucius' practice based on the whole chapter. It emphasizes not general ability and wisdom, but Confucius' mental journey.
Do what you want, don't cross the line. It shows that Confucius' cultivation has been quite proficient, and he has reached the realm of "thinking innocently", and even bad thoughts are gone.
The above is my view on Confucius' Xue Ji. As for the explanation of standing still, not being confused, knowing destiny and pleasing to the ear, there are different notes in ancient and modern times, which is a criticism. In this paper, the topic of "Being Political" is that Confucius put forward his own study report. In fact, he wanted to express several meanings related to being political and moral through his own study experience:
First, everyone can be a saint. Through learning, everyone can reach the destiny and establish a perfect personality. In fact, people can better understand fate, Taoist style and moral knowledge by observing social etiquette.
Secondly, it is necessary to show the effect of guiding the people with morality, and it will not restrict the freedom of the people. Confucius stands at the age of 30-he can integrate social etiquette and law to make a career. It can be seen that the rule of virtue not only does not affect people's achievements, but also contributes to them. At the age of 70, you can do whatever you want without overstepping the rules, which shows that the ultimate effect of rule by virtue is the freedom and liberation of human nature.
Third, "it takes ten years to plant trees, but it takes a hundred years to cultivate people". It will take time to complete the task of ruling by virtue, and the project of popular support will not be completed overnight.
Confucius' reading report is a summary of the viewpoint of rule by virtue, and more specifically expounds various advantages of rule by virtue.
So many words! You can process it yourself! May all your wishes come true!