Throughout the ages, there are countless works commenting on The Analects of Confucius, and there are different interpretations of this passage. Many specific explanations have been put forward for what Confucius said, among which the most representative ones can be summarized as "standing in learning", "standing in ceremony" and "standing in Tao". Judging from the available materials, it was the emperor's talk in the Southern and Northern Dynasties that first proposed "standing on learning".
He pointed out in "On Semantic Sparseness": "If the cloud stands at 30, it is said that what you have learned is also established. The ancients were three years old once, and it was fifteen years from fifteen to thirty, so the cause of spreading the Five Classics was established. "
Huang Kan's explanation is probably based on the following record in the History of Han, Art and Literature: "The ancient scholars learned a skill in three years. On the whole, save it, just playing with the scriptures.
Therefore, it is necessary to spend less time, accumulate more virtues, and stand by and watch the Five Classics at the age of 30. It should be said that this explanation obviously has the characteristics of the times when Confucian classics in Han Dynasty paid attention to "passing on classics".
The theory of "standing in ceremony" originated from The Analects of Confucius, and Confucius himself clearly said "standing in ceremony". The so-called "ceremony" based on ceremony can have two basic directions: first, it is actually a "ceremony" as the fundamental discipline of society; The second is the "ceremony" of etiquette norms, as a personal code of conduct based on the world.
Judging from the specific content of the theory of "Li Li", it is basically interpreted from the latter aspect. Why does reciprocity play such an important role? Zhu made a representative answer: "Courtesy is based on respect and obedience, and it is detailed in the degree of restraint. It can be a strong man's skin and a strong man's bone."
Therefore, among the literati, those who can stand on their own feet and not be shaken by things will be here. The interpretation of "Li" from the perspectives of "marriage" and "career" is also related to the theory of "Li Liyu".
Song Xiangfeng, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, pointed out that Quli was thirty years old and had a house. The people standing also stood at the ceremony.
A gentleman can only live in a room after the ceremony. Otherwise, the decline of customs and the change of human feelings do not start from the bedroom.
Therefore, politeness is safe and rudeness is dangerous. Compared with other explanations, the theory of "Li Li" has produced the most extensive social influence.
The theory of "establishing Tao" mainly concentrated in the Neo-Confucianism period of Song and Ming Dynasties. This theory emphasizes that "standing at thirty" means "being able to stand on your own feet".
Cheng Yi pointed out: "Confucius said: Nine times out of ten, I am determined to learn. The sage said that he got a lesson from his study, so he encouraged future generations.
Stand up and stand on your own two feet. During the Song and Ming Dynasties, the so-called "Four Ways" were mostly regarded as "the way to a university" by the annotators, that is, the "three programs" such as "being wise, being close to the people, stopping at the best", "learning things, being honest, being upright, cultivating oneself, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world" revealed in the Book of Rites.
It can be further pointed out that the above different interpretations actually include "the difference between Han and Song Dynasties", that is, the different cognition of Confucius' historical position in China culture. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, people usually regarded Confucius as one of the sages of Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu and others since ancient times, which highlighted Confucius' inheritance of ancient sages.
After the Song Dynasty, people paid more attention to the establishment of Confucianism by Confucius, and integrated the ancient culture of China, highlighting the revolutionary side of the ritual and music culture created by Confucius and passed on to the ancient sages. Reflected in the interpretation of "standing at thirty", the theories of "standing at learning" and "standing at ceremony" focus on the individual's adaptation to the existing value system, highlight the external "trace" rather than the internal "heart", and more embody the characteristics of Chinese studies.
On the other hand, the theory of "establishing Tao" not only contains the dimension of paying attention to inner self-cultivation, but also reserves the interpretation space for affirming Confucius' revolutionary significance to China culture, and embodies the characteristics of Song studies. If we admit that Confucius created the possibility of perfecting self-personality through self-moral cultivation by pointing out that "benevolence" is the universal and inherent essence of human beings, and thus realized the transformation of China's cultural evolution, then we can make further theoretical development on the basis of the theory of "establishing Tao" and interpret "standing at thirty" as "establishing benevolence" or "showing benevolence"
That is to say, at the age of 30, Confucius completed the discovery and consciousness of "benevolence", which not only regarded it as the internal essence of self, but also "took benevolence as his own responsibility", which set the basic goal for self-life. Thus, Confucius not only established his refuge and the central idea of his thought theory, thus realizing the stability of his life, but also laid the basic spiritual direction for the final completion of the cultural transformation of rites and music based on human nature in the early development of China culture.
Thus, in Confucius, as a cultural giant, "Standing at 30" not only constitutes a very important link in the growth of individual life personality, but also its content is closely related to the reform direction of China's cultural tradition, so it is not difficult to understand why it can have a wide and lasting impact. So, today, what stands at the age of thirty? From the theoretical standpoint of Pingzhang, Han and Song Dynasties, we can at least learn from the tradition of "standing at thirty" since Confucius in the following three aspects.
First, the pursuit of ideal personality should be an important part of self-life growth. In Confucius' view, Xiu De's learning can be regarded as the primary content of "standing at 30", and thus the four-fold entry in the process of personality cultivation has been realized, namely, the realm of benevolence (standing at 30), the realm of benevolence (not confused at 40), the realm of knowing destiny (knowing destiny at 50) and the realm of free will (not exceeding the moment at 70).
Therefore, the pursuit of ideal personality has become the common orientation of people with lofty ideals in China traditional society. Today, although the times have changed, it is neither necessary nor possible for us to completely copy the traditional so-called "gentlemen and saints" personality, but the idea of improving people's moral subjectivity and consciousness advocated by Confucianism and being a virtuous person should still be our basic value orientation. For example, the declaration of "being an upright person" by Song and Lu Jiuyuan is still the basic requirement of people's practice today.
Second, the coexistence of "virtue" and "ability" is an important foundation for self-reliance in the world. Will and reason constitute two basic levels of human life, which are related to "virtue" and "ability" respectively.
2. It is Confucius' requirement to stand at 30+0 and stand at 30. If we can stand at 40, we are only ten years behind Confucius, which is good enough.
2. Life is a lonely road. You should have an interesting book to kill the journey time. There are some people who are always looking for a few lives and are single so far.
After chasing for so many years, I turned around and forgot a lot. Especially in this learning journey, we not only learned lifelong knowledge, but also had that pure friendship.
I am willing to be a lamp to warm your cold and take care of your life. 5. "Standing at the age of 30", my understanding is not to use an external social coordinate to measure whether I am successful, but to use an internal spiritual standard to measure whether my life has begun to reflect clearly, whether I am leisurely, and whether I have confidence and firmness in what I have done.
6. What is said is not bitter, but what cannot be said is bitter. 7. There is a kind of fate, which becomes a landscape after being put down.
Have a heart and stick to China is sincere. You see, I am close to heaven; You don't understand. I'm a passer-by
8. Love is our last wealth. On the issue of love, we can't surrender. 9. But that's in the past. 10. If there were no clouds, would the sky be lonely? If there is no sky, where will the clouds stay? 1 1. It's fun to fight against heaven and people and you. 12. If life is a journey, happiness and sadness are two long rails that follow me closely. 13, if you know each other, please cherish each other; If you cherish each other, please stay together.
With knowing each other, there is true love; With pity, there is the glory of life; With being together, there is a deep attachment and concern. 14, the most eternal happiness in the world is ordinary, and the longest possession in life is cherish.
15, paying attention to life will be strong. 16, I'm holding a card now and I realize that all my persistence has paid off. 17, I'm holding a card now and I realize that all my persistence has paid off. 18, we should all pay tribute to love. Let's drink to love! 19, there is wind in the clouds and me in the wind. What can I have? The cloud said to the wind, and the wind said to me, who can I tell? 20, the elder brothers like to take a walk at night, a little romantic star feeling! 2 1, one day I will climb the wind and waves. From the age of 30, I don't know when, but my heart is full of snow.
I know, on such a day, I shouldn't be so crazy about snow. However, I can't let it snow.
22. Yes, I love ruyi very much. 23. Each of us has accumulated some history, some of our own history. 24. I fell down and got up again. Now you must get up again when you fall. 25. Buddies like to take a walk at night. A little star feels very romantic! 26. Would you like to marry this Zhou Letian who has nothing now? 27. Turn your face towards the sun, so that you can't see the shadow. 28. In the endless pursuit, you will have one coincidence and one accident after another, one accident after another and a city that missed the reality, just like the scenery in the fog, vaguely emitting melancholy beauty and carrying dreams without commitment.
3. The whole sentence of a man who knows the destiny at the age of 30 is Confucius: "I am determined to learn five out of ten, stand at the age of 30, not be confused at the age of 40, know the destiny at the age of 50, listen to my ears at the age of 60, and do what I want at the age of 70." From the Analects of Confucius governing politics.
Confucius said: "I decided to study at the age of fifteen;" Self-reliance at the age of 30; Forty years old can't be confused by foreign things; At the age of fifty, I learned my fate; At the age of 60, I can treat all kinds of remarks correctly without feeling uncomfortable; At the age of seventy, you can do anything you want without breaking the rules. "
Extended data:
The chapter of "governing" consists of 24 chapters. The main content of this paper involves Confucius' thought of "ruling by virtue", the basic principles of how to seek and be an official in politics, the relationship between study and thinking, the process of Confucius' own study and self-cultivation, the new learning methods of reviewing the past, and the further elaboration of filial piety and other moral categories.
The Analects of Confucius covers many aspects such as philosophy, politics, economy, education, literature and art, and is the most important classic of Confucianism. In terms of expression, The Analects of Confucius is a model for recording prose, with concise language and vivid images. In terms of arrangement, The Analects has no strict compiling style, each article is a chapter, and each chapter is a chapter. Articles and chapters are not closely related, but are roughly classified and repeated chapters appear.
reference data
The Analects of Confucius for politics _ Baidu Encyclopedia
4. Thirty years of classic quotations
I didn't criticize hypocrisy itself. Not only that, I think hypocrisy is a great civilization. -Wang Xiaobo, "Standing at Thirty"
Second, I am small. No matter what I do, I am just as small. But as long as I am alive, I am beyond death. Now I am a poet. Although I haven't published a line of poems, I am even greater because of it. -Wang Xiaobo, "Standing at Thirty"
Third, it is those past experiences that have shaped us, made us what we are now, and taught us to love and cherish thirty.
Four, each of us has accumulated some history, some of our own "thirty-year-old" history.
In my opinion, a grass grows in spring, and it has no purpose. When the wind blows, the stallion is in heat and has no purpose. The grass grows and the warbler flies, and the horse is in heat, which is by no means obvious to anyone. This is existence itself. I want to do everything with the great sincerity of the hot grass, instead of performing shyly in front of people. In my opinion, people have lost their existence in order to perform. -Wang Xiaobo, "Standing at Thirty"
6. I suddenly have a strong desire in my heart, which is unprecedented: I want to love and live, and take my present life as forever. The reason here is very clear: I think therefore I am, and since I exist, I can't pretend not to exist. I will be responsible for myself anyway. -Wang Xiaobo, "Standing at Thirty"
In order to love us and the people we love, sometimes we will be desperate, so no matter how much trouble love brings us, we must pay tribute to love and drink to love! Love is our last wealth. In the matter of love, we can't give up "standing at thirty".
Eight, I want to find some loud sentences, as clean as moonlight. -Wang Xiaobo, "Standing at Thirty"
Nine, I suddenly found that we are not young.
Ten, for example, the so-called hypocrisy is just a switch in the brain. No matter what problems you encounter, you should make a judgment: whether it is related to utility or logic, and then turn the switch. -Wang Xiaobo, "Standing at Thirty"
Eleven, fight with the sky, fight with people. It's fun to fight with you.
Yes, I love ruyi very much, but that's a thing of the past.