"The Front and Back Chibi Fu" is a long scroll in running script, and the skill and exquisiteness of the calligrapher's pen can be seen at a glance. The calligraphy of "Zhao" is directly inherited from Youjun, which is mainly smooth, straight and strong, with gentle and concise lines, beautiful on the outside and strong on the inside.

The dot painting in running script is full of changes. It is said that "several paintings are applied together, and their shapes are different; all the dots are arranged in line, and the body is consistent with each other."

(1) Horizontal painting

1. Long horizontal painting

Long horizontal painting is the main painting of the character. Generally, it should be written straight and strong, with the left and the lower right. The high potential is used to stabilize the center of gravity of the word.

The most common way to write a long horizontal line is to drop the paper with a sharp edge, pause for a moment and then turn your wrist upwards to the right to draw the pen. For example, in the attached picture, the words "yin" and "zhou" are used. Secondly, as shown in the attached picture, the two characters "Xiao" and "Wu" have long horizontal strokes. When starting the pen tip and inserting it into the paper, the wrist should be turned inward quickly and assisted by turning the pen barrel to the left and then upward to the right. Another example is the long horizontal strokes of the two characters "Ju" and "Mu" in the attached picture. When starting the stroke, it connects with the previous stroke, taking the opposite direction, and then turns to the right.

The only difference between the above three kinds of long horizontal closing pens is that they come with or without a pull wire, but the starting movements are quite different. Judging from the line effects, one is refreshing and healthy, the other is relaxed and free, and the third is condensed and powerful.

2. Short horizontal strokes

The short horizontal strokes are frequently used, which naturally requires a variety of postures.

①The difference in starting strokes. For example, in the attached picture, the two characters "天" and "哉" are formed by inserting the sharp edge into the paper and turning the wrist inward, showing an upward posture. The belly of the pen pauses for a moment and then moves up, showing a full and implicit state; "Jiang" and "Ju" enter the paper horizontally and then the wrist quickly turns inwards, making it appear vigorous and vigorous; the two characters "Qing" and "Wu" The lower horizontal stroke and the upper stroke come out in succession, which can be regarded as the hidden front entering in reverse, making it appear round, vigorous and graceful.

②The difference in closing the pen. For example, in the attached picture, the pen drawn horizontally under the word "美" is lifted up quickly to connect with the breath of the next stroke; the pen drawn horizontally under the word "ER" is against the front, revealing a clear and clear air; the pen drawn horizontally over the word "Cry" is turned horizontally to the front. The next stroke brings out the next stroke smoothly, which looks coordinated and natural; while the other word "cry" is pressed horizontally and gently closed, with a long aftertaste.

(2) Vertical painting

The most important method of vertical painting is to find curves in straightness, and at the same time change the back and length; only by gathering the edges of the brush can the strength be shown Standing tall.

1. Long vertical

There is a difference between hanging needles and hanging dew. In the picture on the right, the two characters "Dou" and "Zhang" are written with a hanging needle. The wrist is turned slightly outward when starting the pen, and the pen is turned to the right and then downward. The pen is lifted while walking, and the posture is quickly closed in the air when the front is made. It is generally used at the last stroke of a character, that is, "when the momentum is exhausted, the needle hangs". The two characters "huai" and "fei" are written with hanging dew. When closing the pen, the wrist should be slightly paused, and after a slight pause, the hand should be folded upward to close the pen. Like the character "Rong", the long and expressive character rarely appears in this post. After starting the pen, it rushes down, and the arrow is concave from the string.

The performance of the long vertical curve is accomplished by raising, pressing and lowering the pen, and must not be deliberately arranged.

2. Short vertical

There are many short vertical shapes. For example, in the picture on the right, the vertical part in the middle of the word "Zhi" is pointed and rounded, like jade beads hanging in the air; Thick and square folds, like jade chopsticks painted with ash; the vertical simplicity in the middle of the character "Chuan" is quiet and decisive, contrasting with the strokes on both sides; the vertical vertical lines at the end of the character "Buan" are graceful and jumping, giving a lifelike appearance.

The vertical painting has an upward direction. For example, in the picture on the right, the vertical painting of the character "夜" is slightly curved and opposite to the right part. The vertical painting of the character "You" is slightly curved and opposite to the right part. In the same character, both vertical and horizontal strokes must also be applied to the back. For example, in the two characters "xiang" and "shi", they must be applied one to the other.

In addition, the short and vertical characters should be randomly changed in specific applications to coordinate with the entire word. For example, in the picture on the right, the vertical strokes of the word "You" are thin and straight, contrasting with the thick lines next to them to achieve balance; the vertical strokes of the character "地" are of different lengths, making the characters flexible; the vertical strokes of the character "光" are slightly curved and straight with the bottom The lines create contrast.

(Three) Dots

Those seemingly simple dots are actually strokes that are more difficult to express in calligraphy. An ancient saying goes: "A dot is like a rock falling from a high mountain, and the bump is like a collapse." It is true that the strokes must be heavy and the strokes must be fast, but the movements of starting, moving and closing are indispensable.

1. Oblique point

Often used at the beginning of words. After putting down the pen lightly, turn the wrist quickly and turn the pen barrel to the right. When closing the pen, use the wrist to gently lift the pen. Pull the hair together so that the front comes out from the belly, as shown in the two characters "Zhi" and "Yao" in the picture on the right.

2. Straight point

After entering the paper, the pen quickly exerts force and moves downward to the right, and then turns the wrist to strike, as in the two characters "Ke" and "Liao" in the picture on the right.

3. Long curved point

This point is used occasionally, and it is elegant and elegant. For example, in the picture on the right, the upper point of the word "Ji" is pointed straight down. Gradually turn the wrist to exert force. The edge at the end of the pen chirps and then bounces up.

4. Counterpoint

Generally evolved from the nip, the tip of the pen touches the paper, and then the pen is drawn downward to the right, exerting force while going, and assisted by turning the pen to the right. Just pause slightly to the lower right where you finish the pen. In specific applications, it changes in severity and length, such as the four characters "sorrow", "shrimp", "nest" and "huan" in the picture on the right.

5. Left and right dots

Most of them are low on the left and high on the right. Pay attention to the echoes and changes when writing. Generally, the left point is pressed and lightly lifted to move up and to the right, and the right point is completed by turning down and to the right. The specific form can be slightly changed, such as the four characters "mi", "和", "Zun" and "Answer" in the picture on the right. .

6. The upper and lower points

The writing method changes according to their different positions. On the left, it lifts up and down, echoing the right part, such as the word "Kang" in the picture on the right; on the right, it leaves a dot on top, integrating the trend in continuity, such as the word "dragon"; on the bottom, it connects to each other, one stroke at a time Cheng, like the word "yu".

7. Three Points of Water

There are more three points of water in this volume, but the writing method does not insist on variety. Most of them are just subtle differences in strokes. For example, in the picture on the right, the two characters "wine" and "miao" are written with three dots of water in the upper and lower parts. This is also the most common treatment. Only a few numbers such as "liu" and "jiang" have been changed.

(4) Leaving aside

The ancients called it "a rhinoceros with a broken land". The most common fault is frivolity. The key to writing is not to drag the pen straight after entering the paper, but to cooperate with the wrist and fingers. When starting to write, the wrist fingers must be turned outward quickly to release the paper. When writing downward to the left, the wrist fingers must also be slowly warped to cooperate.

1. Changes in the starting stroke

Most of the writing methods in starting writing are cutting in, stopping and descending. This action of entering the pen helps to adjust the edge of the pen and express the strength of the stroke. In the picture on the right, there are three words "bu", "yu" and "pai". When the orchid leaves are started, the sharp edge is straight, the middle part is full, and the closing of the pen is elegant. There is a wonderful feeling of singing and sighing between the changes of weight and weight. For example, in the picture on the right, there are two words "pan" and "ming".

2. Changes in the ending of the pen

In the picture on the right, the two characters "Deer" and "Genesis" are drawn back to the front. One stroke echoes; the strokes of the two characters "zai" and "shao" are sharp strokes. When closing the pen, the wrist fingers are turned outward and drawn out quickly, showing a long and lasting meaning; the strokes of the two characters "yu" and "天" are drawn in a forward stroke. In order to hide the front edge, when closing the pen, the front edge is slightly stationary and the pen is closed in the air, giving a warm and subtle attitude.

The change of the writing stroke should be combined with the specific font camera. If there is still some dots on the upper right side after the stroke, you can use the back stroke or the hidden front stroke to echo it; if the stroke is the last stroke, it is better to use the forward stroke.

In addition, the angle changes greatly. It is used for flat abbreviations at the beginning of characters, with short, flat strokes and clean strokes, such as the two characters "Qiu" and "Dong" in the picture below; used for vertical abbreviations on the left side of characters, the shape is vertical and strong, such as "晬" ", "Xu"; there is also the most widely used oblique abbreviation with changeable postures, such as "lean", "square" and "you".

(5) Nie

We often use "twists and turns" to describe Nie's form. To be precise, this only summarizes the general characteristics of Na. In fact, Na has other different forms.

The 捺 in the character Zhao is generally more stretched, and the line and weight of the strokes are very clear, making it suitable for copying and pondering.

1. Flat pressure

It is mostly used for walking to the bottom. One is a typical writing method with twists and turns: first move forward slightly to the upper left, press the pen to fold, lift it slightly, then move the pen downward to the right, gradually add force, and when the corner is reached, the wrist fingers will curl out flat, as shown in the picture on the right. The word "." The other type starts with a sharp edge and goes straight in without any pause. This one looks lighter and more elegant, like the word "yi".

Pingna has become a contrarian in terms of writing.

For example, in the word "Guo" in the picture on the right, the folded edge is reversed and then the pen is drawn upward to the left, and then the pen barrel is turned downward. The paintings written in this way are somewhat graceful.

2. Xianna

Compared with flat writing, Xianma is much richer in writing: there are twists and turns, such as the word "long" in the picture on the right; The character "木" is used in the character "木"; the character "木" is used in the character "木"; the character "婷" is used in the character "GU"; the character "GU" is used in the character "GU"; the character "GU" is used in the character "GU". Those whose reflections and strokes break the connection of meaning are like the word "yu".

In cursive script, Na method is also one of the most varied dot paintings. In addition to the different treatments in the brushwork analyzed above, there are also changes in angle, weight, square and circle, retraction and other aspects.

(6) Hooks

1. Horizontal hooks

Most common in Bao Gaier, the starting stroke is the same as the horizontal stroke, and when the corner is turned, the wrist is turned outwards and the stroke is drawn in the same direction. The lower left side is hooked out, like the character "窕" in the picture on the right. If you turn forward at the corner without making a pause, the hook will appear round and graceful, like the character "客".

2. Vertical hook

This hook method also has square and round hooks. If you directly squat before striking, the hook will be sharp and decisive, like the word "Xian" in the picture on the right; if you turn your wrist fingers outward and back when striking, the hook will be smooth and powerful, like "Leopard" "Character.

3. Oblique hook

This hook usually appears as the main stroke of the character, so it should be written more vigorously. The curvature of "Ge" should not be too large, otherwise it will appear weak. The hook in the strokes should be quick and powerful, giving people the impression of deep and stable backbone, such as the two characters "I" and "Jia" in the picture on the right.

4. Lying hook

The lying hook is one of the more difficult hooks to grasp. It requires quick hooking, vertical and round bends, and a balance of hardness and softness. The corners of the stroke must be coordinated with the turning of the wrist and fingers, such as the words "forgiveness" and "resentment" in the picture on the right.

5. Vertical hook

The vertical hook of Zhao character has concise lines, strong and round, and is purely completed with the center. During the strokes, the fingers should be turned over to keep the brush hairs together, as shown in the two characters "danger" and "light" in the picture on the right.

6. Back-throwing hook

This hook is completed after the horizontal fold, and the pen tip changes several times, so you must carefully consider the movements of the wrist and fingers when writing. There are two aspects to check whether Zhuanfeng's brushwork is accurate: one is the line effect, and the other is whether the brush strokes can be consistent. For example, in the picture on the right, the writing method of throwing a hook behind the two characters "fly" and "piao" is very typical.

(7) Folding

In regular script, folding paintings can be regarded as overlapping horizontal and vertical lines, but the speed of writing in running script is faster, so the accuracy of the movements in writing is very important. The requirements are higher.

1. Horizontal fold

The horizontal fold changes into square or round when turned down.

Fang Zhe requires that when turning the pen, the pen will be sharp and straight, with a strong and sharp energy, as shown in the word "see" in the picture on the right. There are few square turns in Zhao Mengfu's "Back and Back Chibi Fu", and round turns are the most common. This also shows Zhao Mengfu's familiarity with wrist and fingering techniques. For example, in the picture on the right, the turns of the four characters "yan", "jia", "gao" and "鱼" are all invisible, which shows the skill.

2. Vertical folds

Vertical folds appear less often in "Back and Back Chibi Fu". When writing, you only need to handle the change of the wrist from vertical outward to horizontal inward. Can. For example, in the picture on the right, the vertical folds of the words "mountain" and "you" have different shapes, but the method of turning the wrist is the same.

Extended information

"Chibi Fu" was written during one of the most difficult periods in Su Shi's life - when he was demoted to Huangzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi was falsely accused of writing a poem that "slandered the imperial court." Because he wrote "Huzhou Xie Shangbiao", he was impeached by the censor and charged with slandering the imperial court. He was arrested and imprisoned. It was known as "Wutai" in history. Poetry Case". "After several restorations," he was tortured.

After being rescued by many parties, he was released in December of that year and demoted to the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian, but he was "not allowed to sign official documents or go to the resettlement house without permission." This was undoubtedly a "semi-prisoner" style regulated life. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi traveled to Red Cliff twice on July 16 and October 15, and wrote two poems on Red Cliff. Later generations called the first "Chibi Ode" and the second It is "Hou Chibi Fu".

Baidu Encyclopedia - Chibi Fu

Baidu Encyclopedia - Chibi Fu before and after Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty