(1) the first period: 1882, before the discovery of tuberculosis, people did not have a scientific understanding of tuberculosis in this period, and the epidemic situation of tuberculosis was very rampant and the mortality rate of tuberculosis was high, so there was a saying that "ten tuberculosis and nine deaths were white plague". (2) The second period: from 1882- 1945, after the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by German scientist Koho, until streptomycin and other anti-tuberculosis drugs were not widely used, the source of infection and transmission route were clarified, and new progress was made in the diagnosis, early detection, prevention and isolation of tuberculosis.
(3) Phase III: From 1946, it entered the modern chemotherapy stage. With the advent of various chemical drugs, chemotherapy is gradually popularized, tuberculosis prevention and control measures are constantly improved, and the tuberculosis epidemic situation has changed obviously, and the tuberculosis epidemic situation is accelerating and declining.
2. Who can talk about the epidemic history of tuberculosis and Kafka, the Chinese and foreign celebrities who died of tuberculosis, and 4 1 who died of tuberculosis, such as Chopin, Chekhov, Shelley, Yu Dafu and German poet Elizabeth cullmann; American writer henry david thoreau, German dramatist Schiller; There are also/kloc-the "white plague" written by Browning, Bronte sisters, Lawrence, Kenji Miyazawa, Jiro Jingyuan and Xiaohong in the 9th century-tuberculosis "pale face, thin body, heart-wrenching cough ..."/kloc-there are many such descriptions in the novels and dramas in the 9th century, and it was tuberculosis that caused these people to be in such a state at that time.
/kloc-in the 0/9th century, I don't know how many people lost their relatives or friends by this ruthless and powerful infectious disease. Although the emergence of various effective antibiotics and preventive drugs in the 20th century led to a rapid decrease in tuberculosis cases worldwide, it was a big mistake to relax our vigilance. The World Health Organization warned that in recent years, tuberculosis has made a comeback around the world, and the prevention and control of this infectious disease should not be slackened.
1882, German scientist robert koch announced the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and divided it into four types: human type, bovine type, bird type and mouse type, among which human type is the main pathogen of human tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a highly contagious chronic wasting disease, which is mainly caused by human tuberculosis invading the lungs.
Common clinical manifestations include cough, expectoration, hemoptysis, chest pain, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite and other local and systemic symptoms. More than 90% of tuberculosis is transmitted through the respiratory tract. Patients cough, sneeze, make loud noises, etc. , so that the liquid with bacteria is sprayed out of the body, and healthy people will be infected after inhalation.
From 65438 to 0945, the advent of the specific drug streptomycin made tuberculosis no longer an incurable disease. Since then, the successive synthesis of drugs such as remifentanil, rifampicin and ethambutol has greatly reduced the number of tuberculosis patients worldwide.
In prevention, BCG vaccination and chemical prevention are the main methods. Among them, the advent of 1952 isoniazid made the prevention and control of chemical drugs successful.
Isoniazid has strong bactericidal power, few side effects, economy and convenience for taking. Taking it for 6 to 12 months can reduce the incidence of 10 by 50% to 60%. The advent of antibiotics, BCG and chemotherapy drugs is a landmark victory in the history of human struggle against tuberculosis. Because of this, the United States even thought that tuberculosis could be eliminated by the end of the 20th century in the early 1980s.
However, this stubborn "consumption" has launched a new round of challenges to mankind. According to the report of the World Health Organization, in recent years, tuberculosis has resurfaced all over the world. In 1995, 3 million people died of the disease, which was the year with the largest number of deaths, greatly exceeding the epidemic of tuberculosis in 1900.
On March 24th, 2003, on the occasion of World Tuberculosis Day, the figures released by the world action organization Stop Tuberculosis showed that at present, 5,000 people still die of tuberculosis every day in the world, and the number of people suffering from tuberculosis exceeds 8 million every year. The main reason for the above situation is that many parts of the world have neglected policies in the past 20 years, resulting in the destruction or even disappearance of tuberculosis prevention and control systems; The probability that AIDS patients are infected with tuberculosis is 30 times that of ordinary people, and most AIDS patients die of tuberculosis. With the spread of AIDS around the world, the number of tuberculosis patients is also increasing rapidly. The emergence of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis strains has increased the difficulty of tuberculosis prevention and treatment.
To this end, the World Health Organization declared that "the world is in a state of tuberculosis emergency". In order to further promote the global publicity activities of tuberculosis prevention and treatment, the organization decided to designate March 24th of each year as World Tuberculosis Day at the end of 1995, and announced an action plan called "directly observed short-term treatment" in 1997, with the goal of curing 95% of tuberculosis patients.
The core of this scheme is that medical workers directly supervise patients to take medicine, so as to avoid patients from delaying treatment and causing large-scale spread of diseases. The latest social evaluation of tuberculosis prevention and treatment in China released by the Ministry of Health of China shows that China citizens have low awareness of the infectivity and curability of tuberculosis, low awareness of tuberculosis prevention and treatment institutions and provision of free medical treatment, and high concern about social discrimination of tuberculosis patients.
First of all, although bone tuberculosis and meningeal tuberculosis are not contagious, some common types of tuberculosis are contagious. However, only tuberculosis patients who can detect mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum are infectious. When these patients cough, sneeze or talk loudly, spitting in others' faces may cause infection.
Second, except for a few multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, most tuberculosis can be cured. However, it should be emphasized that the formal and thorough treatment of tuberculosis must last for 6 to 8 months, and it needs combined medication to be completely cured.
The modern tuberculosis control strategy put forward by the World Health Organization requires patients to take medicine in front of medical staff every time. Many patients ignore the condition or stop taking drugs privately because of the side effects of drugs, and can't get scientific and standardized treatment, which may lead to the emergence of drug-resistant strains and increase the difficulty of treatment.
Third, China's medical and health institutions at or above the county level, towns and cities have specialized tuberculosis examination and treatment institutions, and the state provides anti-tuberculosis drugs and major examinations for infectious tuberculosis patients free of charge. In order to strengthen the management of national tuberculosis epidemic situation and ensure that patients receive scientific and standardized treatment, the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases stipulates that tuberculosis patients and suspected patients should receive unified examination, supervision of chemotherapy and management in tuberculosis prevention and control institutions.
Finally, only tuberculosis patients with positive sputum smear of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are contagious. After two to three weeks of regular drug treatment, tuberculosis patients are generally not contagious and can participate in normal social activities.
The society should show concern and care for tuberculosis patients, and should not discriminate against them. At the end of 1995, the World Health Organization designated March 24th every year as "World Tuberculosis Day" to commemorate Robert Koho, the discoverer of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and further called on all countries to pay more attention to and support tuberculosis prevention and treatment.
March 24th, 2005 is the 10th World Tuberculosis Day. This year's theme is "prevention and treatment of tuberculosis, early diagnosis and treatment, strengthening the grassroots".
I have a history of tuberculosis. Can I exercise? First of all, summarize your current situation: 1. Young man, diagnose tuberculosis. You have been taking medicine for more than 6 months (one course of treatment), the treatment is effective, and there is no hemoptysis, so the diagnosis should be fine (chest X-ray ji sputum test results are not provided).
I have stopped taking medicine for one month. 3. There is also the phenomenon of bloodshot sputum. 4. I am very tired after exercise, and my chest is still dull. If it is the first time to treat tuberculosis, the drugs you should take orally should be: isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol, with a course of 6 months.
If you receive the consultation, it is suggested to improve the following examination: 1, recheck the chest film to further understand the treatment results, and compare it with the previous chest film (don't tell me that there was no chest film at the beginning); If the tuberculosis focus has disappeared or calcified, congratulations. Most of them can be cured within 6 months.
2. Sometimes there are bloodshot sputum, so check for acid-fast bacilli (this really worries you a little, because sometimes there are bloodshot sputum, please rule out bleeding gums, etc. ). If there are problems with the above two tests, it is recommended to go to the hospital to see a doctor; If there are no problems in the above two tests, it means that your tuberculosis has been cured.
Then we can answer your following question: Can you exercise? Tuberculosis has been cured, and you have no problem now. You are now in physical recovery after a serious illness. I suggest you strengthen nutrition, pay attention to rest, avoid staying up late and exercise properly.
You say you don't usually exercise much, so I suggest you don't play football directly. It is suggested that the amount of exercise should be gradual, such as gymnastics-to jogging-to table tennis-to football. .
If you cure tuberculosis, you are no different from normal people.